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empreinte. 

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et  do  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nöcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  möthode. 


1  2  3 


1 

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6 

S-^lil'llSO^flAXJISO^^ 

3I0X0GRAPJIS 


OF  THE 


I>    I    P    T    E    II    A 


Of 


NORTH  AMERICA. 


PKEPABED  FOR  THE  SMITHSONIAN   IX^TITl  TfO.V 


BY 

11.     L  0  E  W 


PART   I. 


EDITED,  WITH  ADDITlDXs. 


BY 


R.   OSTEN   SACKEX 


WASHINGTON: 
SMITHSOXIAX  IXSTITUTIOX 

APIUL,  1S62. 


A  D  V  E  Pv  T  i  S  E  M  E  X  T. 


The  present  publication  is  tlie  first  part  of  a  \vori\  on  North 
American  Diptera  in  process  of  preparation  by  Dr.  II.  Loew,  of 
Meseritz,  Prussia  (one  of  the  liij^liest  living  aulliorities  on  the 
subject),  undertaken  at  tlie  especial  request  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution.  The  materials  have  been  derived  i)rincipally  from 
the  collection  of  Baron  K.  Osten  Sacken,  of  the  Russian  Legation 
in  Washington,  kindly  intrusted  to  the  author  for  examination. 

As  explained  by  Dr.  I^oew,  the  work  will  appear  in  monographs 
of  genera  and  families,  sufficient  materials  being  at  hand  for  illus- 
tiating  particular  groups  only,  without  relation  to  their  systematic 
sequence. 

The  Institution  is  under  obligations  to  Baron  Osten  Sacken  for 
editing  the  work,  adding  species  described  by  Dr.  Loew  subsc- 
quont  to  the  reception  of  his  manuscript,  and  for  correcting  the 
proofs.  He  has  also  added  a  monograph  of  the  Cecidomyidie,  a 
ü;roup  of  much  interest,  and  one  to  which  it  was  considered  of 
importance  to  call  the  early  attention  of  investigators. 

JOSEPH  hi:nrv, 

Sacretar»/  S.  /. 
Smithso.nian  Isstiti'tion, 

Wasihsotos,  Marah,  18C2. 


AVCKrtKiP   roK    »VSVlCAtXi»,   tvtt,    1861. 


»nii.AiiELPnrit: 


PREFACEe 


The  impulse  to  write  on  Xorili  Ainoriciui  Diptera  was  «riven 
to  inc  by  liaron  Ostcn-Sackeii,  hIio,  first  by  seiulin«^  me  rich 
collections  of  sucl»  I>iptera  and  finally  l)y  intrustinjif  me  with  tli«' 
greatest  part  of  his  own  Pipteni  collected  in  North  Aiiieriea,  lias 
enabled  me  to  undertake  this  task,  and,  I  hope,  with  some  suece>^ 
If  my  observations  had  been  written  in  Gorman,  and  published  ii; 
any  of  our  German  Transactions,  I  should  have  had  good  reas<?r. 
to  fear  that  the  results  would  not  become  sufficiently  known  in 
North  -(\merica,  and  would  at  all  events  be  longer  in  obtaininir 
access  there.  I  resolved,  therefore,  to  give  them  in  English,  and 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  Washington  has  added  to  the  many 
proofs  it  has  already  given  of  an  energetic  furtherance  of  any 
studies  relative  to  the  natural  history  of  North  America,  the 
liberal  resolution  to  jjrint  my  pajter  on  North  American  Diptora 
at  its  own  expense.  If  these  jiapers,  according  to  my  intentioii, 
contribute  to  the  increase  of  the  study  of  this  interesting  order  of 
insects,  the  princi})al  thanks  are  due  to  the  Institution  and  to 
]»aron  Osten-Sacken.  As  for  the  English  text,  I  use,  it  is  true, 
the  assistance  and  advice  of  a  friend  who  is  well  acquainted  with 
the  English  language  ;  should,  nevertheless,  some  roughness  occur, 
I  beg  that  it  may  be  attributed  to  some  supplementary  alterations 
of  my  own,  which  circumstances  prevented  me  from  submitting 
to  him.  I  hope  that  shortcomings  of  this  kind  will  be  kindly  over- 
looked, provided  my  descriptions  be  not  deficient  in  precision  and 
clearness.  As  I  do  not  wish  to  remain  the  sole  describer  of 
N.  A.  Diptera,  but  Lope  soon  to  have  many  fellow-laborers,  I 
take  the  liberty  of  pointing  out  briefly  what,  in  my  oi)inion, 
should  be  chiefly  borne  in  mind  in  making  and  publishing  such 
descriptions.  Without  any  disposition  to  find  fault  with  others,  I 
believe  I  may  be  permitted  some  remarks,  since  for  the  last  twenty 


Tl 


PREFACE. 


years  I  Iiavc  been  occupied  with  the  study  of  Diptera,  and  have 
licen  obliged  to  spend  many  hours  in  identifying  (how  often  fruit- 
lessly!) the  published  descriptions.  What  renders  the  identi- 
fication of  a  very  great  number  of  the  existing  descriptions  so 
very  difficilt,  is  the  inexactness  of  the  system  used.  For  however 
natural  the  axiom  may  appear,  that  a  new  species  is  only  to  be 
located  in  the  genus  to  which  it  really  belongs,  it  is  so  little  re- 
spected by  most  dipterological  writers,  that  a  long  list  could  be 
made  out  of  the  instances  in  which  they  have  sinned  against  it;  in- 
deed the  number  of  cases,  in  which  a  new  species  has  been  placed 
in  a  wrong  family,  is  not  small.  It  is  not  even  always  sufficient 
to  place  it  in  the  right  genus,  for  as  soon  as  this  genus  is  at  all 
numerous  in  species,  or  the  species  are  diöicult  to  distinguish,  the 
l>ccnliar  group  of  the  genns  to  which  the  new  species  belongs 
should  be  pointed  out,  and  if  among  the  species  already  well 
known  there  are  any  very  similar  to  those  described,  thoy  ought 
of  necessity  to  be  specially  mentioned.  Consequently  only  those 
entomologists  will  publish  new  Diptera  with  success,  who  arc 
completely  acquainted  with  the  system  of  this  order  of  insects, 
whereas  he  who  has  a  defective  knowledge  of  it,  far  from  advancing 
science,  lays  impediments  in  its  way.  The  first  task,  then,  for 
those  who  intend  to  come  forth  with  satisfactory  papers  on  the 
field  of  Dipterology,  will  of  course  be  to  acquire  a  most  complete 
and  sure  knowledge  of  the  system. 

As  an  introduction  to  the  following  essays  of  a  more  mono- 
graphic character,  will  be  found  a  short  sketch  of  the  terminology 
of  Diptera,  as  well  as  one  of  the  dipterological  system.  The  latter 
afforded  me  an  opportunity  of  giving  an  outline  of  the  North  Ame- 
rican dipterological  fauna,  as  far  as  known  to  me  at  present.  An 
elaborate  classification,  equally  detailed  in  all  its  parts,  would 
require  not  only  a  larger  amount  of  materials  than  I  have  at  my 
disposal,  but  also,  in  order  to  be  intelligible,  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  plates.  I  am  compelled,  therefore,  to  give  up  such  an  un- 
dertaking for  the  present,  I  hope,  however,  to  be  able  to  execute 
it  at  some  future  time.  Although  I  trust  that  my  short  sketch 
will  prove  of  some  help  to  the  student,  by  furnishing  him  occasion- 
ally a  useful  hint,  or  guiding  him  r  right  in  general,  it  will  be  readily 
understood  that  in  the  prosecution  of  the  study  he  will  require  more 
detailed  information.  I  will,  therefori',  briefly  indicate  the  works 
in  which  he  may  find  it :   Meigcn's  Zweiflügelige  Insecte7i  (V  vols. 


I'RKFACE. 


Vll 


f 


■ 
i 


8vo. )  is  still  the  Ijost  work,  cxliibiting  tlie  diptcrolopicnl  system. 
Ill  order  to  obtttin  iiiforniatioii  on  the  progress  which  science  has 
made  since  Meigen's  age,  this  work  may  be  followed  by  the  stuily 
of  Walker's  JJi'/ifera  Ilritavnmi.  The  excellent  plates  by  Mr. 
Westwood,  and  the  systeuiatic  nrrangcraent  prepared  for  the  most 
part  by  Mr.  Ilalidny,  give  to  this  work  a  value  not  shared  by  Mr. 
Walker's  other  publications.  Next  to  these  I  would  name  Mr. 
Mucquart's  JJijitvres  JCxotiques,  a  work  which,  notwithstanding  the 
errors  in  many  of  its  iignres  and  the  carelessness  of  nearly  all  the 
descriptions,  afifords  a  great  deal  of  useful  information  about  the 
systematic  arrangement  of  Diptera. 

After  having  accjnired  a  general  knowledge  of  the  system  by 
the  study  of  these  three  works  (or,  if  not  familiar  with  the  (Jernian 
language,  of  the  two  latter  only),  the  best  plan  will  be  to  con- 
centrate special  study  on  one,  or,  at  the  utmost,  on  a  few  families 
of  Diptera,  and  to  consult  the  monographic  papers  relative  1o 
them,  which  are  not  ditlicuU  to  procure,  in  order  to  obtain  a  com- 
|)lete  and  sure  knowledge  of  characters  within  a  more  limited  field. 
For  even  the  smallest  field  will  always  be  found  wide  enough  to 
att'ord  opportunities  for  the  most  interesting  discoveries.  This 
nidde  of  obtaining  a  knowledge  of  the  system  capable  of  serving 
us  a  solid  foundation  to  valuable  publications  is  certainly  a  long 
iind  tedious  one.  It  may  be  considerably  facilitated,  however,  by 
tile  use  of  a  well  determined  collection  of  typical  specimens  of  all 
the  families  and  genera,  and  it  will  afford  me  much  pleasure  to  ex- 
tend all  assistance  in  my  power  to  those  who  may  prefor  the  latter 
course;  for  both  ray  wish  to  become  better  acquainted  with  the 
Diptera  of  North  America  and  their  desire  to  study  the  system 
might  well  coincide  to  supply  the  wants  of  both  parties, 

I  am  always  ready  to  send  in  exchange  for  well  preserved  N.  A, 
Diptera  forwarded  to  me  (address  ^Ir.  II.  Locw,  ^Meseritz,  J'russia) 
a  reasonable  equivalent  in  accurately  named  rei)reseutatives  of  the 
genera.  I  should  probably  lie  obliged,  in  most  cases,  to  send  only 
European  specimens,  whereas,  perhaps,  it  would  seem  more  de- 
sirable to  have  N.  A.  species.  I>ut  the  number  of  species  occur- 
ring in  perfect  identity  both  in  Europe  and  North  America  is 
so  surprisingly  large,  and,  besides,  there  are  so  many  N.  A.  spe- 
cies exceedingly  resembling  well-known  European  ones,  that  the 
best  foundation  for  the  study  of  N.  A.  Diptera  would  be  a  com- 
plete collection  of  European  species.     It  will  be  very  useful  to 


Vllt 


PREFAOE. 


I)0th  parties,  if  those  wlio  desire  uii  oxchunsc  would  rcmctnlter 
that  the  Rmaller  and  smallest  species  possess  the  greatest  interest 
for  nie,  and  if  they  would  at  the  same  time  point  ont  to  me  such 
families  as  tliey  are  chiefly  desirous  of  knowinjj.  .Moreover,  it  will 
itc  necessary  to  agree  al)0Ut  the  way  in  which  the  equivalents  might 
be  forwarded.  In  case  I  receive  no  sucli  direction,  I  shall  suppose 
I  am  at  liberty  to  send  them  by  the  kind  intervention  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  at  Washington,  through  which  I  beg  all 
consignments  intended  for  me  may  be  forwarde«!. 

I  have  no  doubt  as  to  a  successful  issue  to  my  labors,  if  I  con- 
tinue to  receive  the  same  liberal  and  generous  assistance  from  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  and  from  Baron  Osten-Sacken  which  I 
have  enjoyed  from  the  beginning,  especially  if  this  commencement 
contributes  to  increase  the  number  of  those  interested  in  the  study, 
find  ready  to  promote  it  by  the  communication  of  species  taken  by 
them,  in  the  same  way  in  which  Messrs.  IJob.  Kcnnicott,  S.  II. 
Scudder,  A.  S.  Packard,  Edw.  Norton,  and  others,  have  furnished 
materials  for  the  excellent  paper  of  Huron  Osten-Sacken  on  the 
Limnohidse  of  North  America. 

H.  LOEW. 


Mkseritz,  3  Oct.  1SÖ0, 


T.4BIE  OF  CONTENTS. 


EMEKT  OF  bll'TKBA 


'aciim 


Advertisenu'iit  . 

I'refacB 

Table  of  Content.i 

On  the  Terminology  of  Dii)tera 

Sketch  of  the  SysTEstATic  AnnAxoi 
I.  Neraocora 
II.  Biacliycoia 
III.  Coiiacea 


05  THE  North  Ameuican  TKvri:Tit.AR 

1.  Extent  of  the  family 

2.  Its  division  into  Tn/ppili,a  and  I) 

3.  Its  natural  cliaracter 

4.  Its  relationship    . 

5.  North  American  species  hitherto  recorded 

6.  Systematic  arrangement  of  the  species  destnl,ed,  with 

their  synopsis 

7.  Description  of  the  species 
Appendix  I  .  . 
Appendix  II          .             .  _^ 
Appendix  III 


On  the  North  American  Sciomyzidae 

On  the  North  American  Epuydrinidae 
Notiphilina 

Hydrellina  .  , 

Epliydrina 


FAOR 

iv 

V 

ix 

xi 

1 

5 

15 

4s 

49 
4!) 
51 

52 
5t] 

57 

Ol 

t;4 

DI 
!t4 

[lit 

129 
131 

140 
158 


CONTENTS. 


PACK 

<»M  TUR  XoiiTii  Ameiiica.n  C'EciiKiMYinAR.     By  R.  O.ituii  Sjiokf'n  .      l?:» 

"n  thü  clasHiflcfttion  of  th<<  faiuily  .  .  .       173 

Oil  its  liaMts        .  .  .  .  .  .17!» 

Vu  tla*  ^'ol•tll  American  Ceciilomylae  at  jirf  sent  known         If-i; 


ALlitions  ami  Corrfctiuns 


'J(i7 


a 


ON  Tll^:  TERMINOLOGY  OF  DirTKRA. 


DiPTEUA  have  so  much  i»;  common  with  other  orders  of  insects 
that  the  terras  applied  to  the  hitter,  which  I  may  consider  ns  peii- 
erally  known,  may  frequently  be  used  for  tiic  former.  I  luive  there- 
fore merely  to  explain  those  terms  which,  on  account  of  the  pcculiiir 
orKivnization  of  Diptcra,  are  either  applied  solely  to  the  insects  of 
this  order  Oi  are  used  in  a  more  or  less  modified  sense.  It  is  well 
known,  how  little  the  various  authors  ajjrce  in  the  choice  of  these 
terms,  and  how  many  of  them  seem  to  lind  pleasure  iit  departinj^' 
ns  much  as  possible  from  the  terms  used  by  their  predecessors. 
This  is  a  great  evil,  ngf^ravatinj^  the  difficulty  of  understanding 
Dip^'"iological  publications,  and  impeding  the  progress  of  Diptor- 
ology.  It  would  take  too  much  space  to  explain  all  the  terms 
used  l)y  dilFerent  authors,  and  I  confine  myself  to  those  only  which 
seem  the  most  necessary  and  which  I  have  used  in  this  publication. 
The  following  considerations  have  guided  mc  in  their  choice.  I 
think  it  a  duty  of  a  later  author  to  accommodate  himself  to  the 
usage  of  his  predecessors,  especially  those  who  have  written  staiul- 
ard  works,  and  at  the  same  time  to  reconcile  them  as  much  as 
])ossible  where  they  differ  from  each  other.  The  indispensable 
innovations  should  be  introduced  only  gradually  and  in  conformity 
with  the  established  usage,  since  in  such  mnttcrs  an  agreement  about 
the  terms  chosen  is  more  important  than  the  mode  of  selecting 
thera.  Meigen,  Wiedemann,  and  Fallen  in  earlier  times,  Zetter- 
stedt  and  Macquart  more  recently,  have  in  that  respect  a  claim  io 
our  attention.  It  has  therefore  been  my  object  to  assume  the 
position  of  an  arbiter  l)etween  them,  and  to  avoid  such  terms  as 
depart  entirely  from  the  adopted  usage,  except  in  cases  in  which  I 
might  differ  so  much  from  my  predecessors  as  to  become  unintel- 
ligible if  restrained  by  their  terminology. 

The  head  has  a  hinder  plane  opposite  to  the  thorax,  called  occi- 


XI 1 


ON  THE  TERMINOLOGY  OF  DIPTERA. 


i' 


» 


])ut  (occiput)',  tlint  region  of  it  lyinji^  over  the  janclion  of  the  licad 
is  tlie  nape  {cervi.r).  Tlie  part  of  the  head  which  reaches  from 
the  antennte  as  far  as  the  occiput  and  is  limited  laterally  by  the 
compound  eyes,  is  the  front  {frons),  the  upper  part  of  which  is  the 
crown  {vertex),  the  limit  between  the  front  and  the  occiput  having 
tlie  name  of  vertical  margin  {maryo  verticalis).  The  middle  of 
the  front  being  often  of  a  more  membranaceous  substance  and 
sometimes  differing  iu  color  from  its  borders,  is  called  the  frontal 
stripe  {vitta  frontalis).  On  the  crown,  there  are  the  simple  eyes 
{ocelli),  being  usually  three  in  number  and  forming  a  triangle, 
sometimes  on  a  sharply  defined  triangular  si)ace,  the  ocellar  trian- 
gle {trkuKjuhun  ocellare).  Most  of  those  Diptera  which  undergo 
their  metamorphosis  within  the  larva-skin  possess,  immediately 
above  the  antennne,  an  arcuated  impressed  line,  which  seems  to 
separate  from  the  front  a  small  piece  usually  of  the  form  of  a  cres- 
cent, the  frontal  crescent  {lunula  frontalis).  The  impressed  line 
itself,  which  continues  over  the  face  nearly  as  far  as  the  border  of  the 
month,  is  called  the  frontal  I'losure  {ßssnrn  frontalis).  It  owes  its 
origin  to  a  large  bladder-like  expansion  which  exists  at  this  place  in 
immature  irangos,  and  which  helps  them  in  bursting  the  pupa  case. 
The  frontal  fissure  of  course  is  the  ir-ie  anterior  limit  of  the  front, 
and  the  frontal  crescent  in  fact  belongs  to  the  face;  however,  on 
account  of  its  usual  situation,  it  is  commonly  considered  as  a  part 
of  the  front.  In  many  genera  the  eyes  of  the  males  meet  on  the 
front,  so  as  to  divide  it  into  two  triangles,  the  superior  of  which  is 
called  the  vertical  triangle  {triangulum  verticale),  the  inferior  tl'e 
anterior  frontal  triangle  {triangulum  frontale  anterius),  or  simply 
the  frontal  triangle  {triangulum  frontale).  The  anterior  portion 
of  the  head  reaching  from  the  antenntc  to  the  border  of  the  mouth 
or  oral  margin  (peristomium)  is  called  the  face  {fades).  In  most 
Diptera  it  is  divided  into  three  parts  adjoining  each  other,  the 
limits  of  which  depend  on  the  situation  which  the  frontal  fissure, 
continued  to  the  oral  margin  occupies  in  the  developed  imago ; 
the  form  and  mutual  proportion  in  size  of  these  parts  are  of  the 
highest  value  in  the  classification  and  distinction  of  the  species  of 
Diptera.  Beneath  the  antennae  there  are  in  many  Diptera  longi- 
tudinal holes  for  their  reception,  the  antennal  furrows  {fovece  an- 
tennales);  the  antcnnie  lie  iu  them  while  tho  insect  is  still  in  the 
])upa  case,  sometimes  even  after  its  exclusion.  That  part  of  the 
head  which  lies  on  the  side  beneath  the  eyes  is  the  cheek  {gena). 


1 


i 


] 


'^ 


I 


ON  THE  TERMINOLOGY  OF  DIPTERA. 


Xlll 


C 

c 


The  compound  eyes  are  sometimes  encompassed  in  a  larger  or 
smaller  part  of  their  circumference  by  a  ring,  somewhat  swollen, 
and  separated  more  or  less  distinctly  from  the  remainder  of  the 
surface  of  the  head ;  it  is  called  the  orbit  {orhita),  the  successive 
l)arts  of  which  may  be  called  the  anterior  (orbita  anterior  sive  fa- 
cialis), inferior  {inferior  s.  genalis),  posterior  {posterior  s.  occipi- 
talis), superior  {superior  s.  verticalis),  and  frontal  {frontalis)  orbits. 
An  orbit  is  also  often  spoken  of,  where  no  ring  is  distinctly  set  oft' 
from  the  rest  of  the  surface  of  the  head ;  in  this  case  a  distinct 
color  or  some  peculiar  structure  mark  the  nearest  surroundings  of 
the  eves. 

The  oral  ports  of  Diptera,  destined  for  sucking,  are  called  tlic 
sucker  or  proboscis  {proboscis).  They  are  either  inserted  ut  tlio 
end  of  a  more  or  less  cylindrical  prolongation  of  the  head,  called 
the  snout  {rostrum),  or  project  from  a  wide  aperture  often  occupy- 
ing a  great  part  of  the  under  surface  of  the  head,  called  the  mouth 
hole  {cavitas  oris).  The  common,  fleshy  root  of  the  oral  pans  is 
connected  by  a  membrane  with  the  border  of  the  mouth.  This 
membrane  often  has  a  fold,  sometimes  of  a  quite  horny  substance, 
and  is  then  called  the  clypeus  {clypeus  s.  prcelabrum) ;  it  is  either 
entirely  concealed  by  the  anterior  border  of  the  mouth  and  is  then 
usually  movable,  or  it  projects  over  it  as  a  ridge  and  is  then  usually 
immovable.  The  largest  of  the  oral  parts  in  most  Diptera  is  the 
fleshy  under  lip  {labium),  consisting  of  the  stem  {stipes)  and  the 
knob  '^capitulum  labii)  formed  by  the  two  suctorial  flaps  {labella). 
Besides  the  under  lip,  the  palpi  {palpi)  are  most  perceptible  and 
must  be  noticed  in  the  description  of  the  species.  The  remaining 
oral  parts  are  generally  rather  small  and  stunted,  having  the  form 
of  bristles  or  horny  lancets;  they  are  considered  as  being  the  tongue 
{linffua),  under  jaws  (maxillce),  upper  jaws  {mandibulce),  and  up- 
per lip  {labrum),  the  latter  shutting  the  under  lip  from  above. 
These  parts  are  not  easily  applicable  in  distinguishing  species. 

The  thorax  of  Diptera  as  well  as  that  of  other  insects  consists 
of  three  segments,  the  prothorax,  the  mesothorax,  and  the  meta- 
thorax.  But  in  the  order  of  Diptera  the  development  of  the  meso- 
thorax exceeds  so  nuch  that  of  the  two  other  portions,  that  it  forms 
by  far  the  largest  part  of  the  whole  thorax,  and  in  the  description 
of  Diptera  is  exclusively  designated  with  the  latter  name,  while 
other  names  are  given  to  the  prothorax  and  metathorax,  when 
some  particular  part  of  them  is  to  be  characterized.     The  protho- 


XIV 


ON  TOE  TERMINOLOGY  OF  DIPTERA. 


'I'i 


\\\ 


f  > 


rax  being  generally  very  little  developed,  sometimes  forms  a  neck- 
like prolongation  which  bears  the  head,  and  is  then  called  the  neck 
{coUum).  Sometimes  the  fore  corners  of  the  raesothorax  or  the 
shoulders  {humeri)  are  covered  by  a  lobe  of  the  prothorax  {lohus 
prothoracis  humeralis),  distinctly  separated  from  the  raesothorax  ; 
but  it  is  not  unusual  for  this  lobe  to  be  so  soldered  to  the  raeso- 
thorax that  it  is  not  possible  to  discover  a  distinct  limit  between 
them,  except  in  general,  by  their  color  or  hairs;  it  is  then  called  the 
shoulder  callosity  (callus  humeralis).  The  prothorax  sometimes 
also  applies  closely  to  the  anterior  border  of  the  raesothorax,  and 
has  then  the  name  of  collar  (collare).  The  raesothorax  frequently 
haä  a  transverse  furrow  (sutura  transversalis)  crossing  the  middle 
of  its  upper  side  and  ending  on  each  side  a  little  before  the  base 
of  the  wing;  its  presence  or  absence  as  well  as  its  form  furnishes 
characters  important  in  the  classification  of  Diptera.  On  each 
side  of  the  breast — the  breast  side  {pleura) — there  is  beneath  the 
shoulder  a  spiracle  {stigma  prothoracis)  still  belonging  to  the  pro- 
thorax. To  the  back  of  the  raesothorax  applies  the  scutcheon 
(scutellum),  separated  frora  it  by  a  furrow.  Beneath  the  scutellum 
a  part  of  the  raetathorax  is  to  bo  seen,  called  metanotum,  generally 
descending  obliquely,  often  very  convex,  and  on  each  side  with  a 
more  or  less  inflated  space,  called  the  lateral  callosity  of  the  meta- 
notura  (callus  metanoti  lateralis).  The  poisers  (halteres)  have  their 
origin  beneath  this  callosity,  and  before  either  of  thera  we  see  the 
spiracle  of  the  raetathorax  (stigma  metathoracis).  The  mem- 
branous covers  which  in  raany  Diptera  are  found  above  this  spi- 
racle, have  the  name  of  covering  scales  (tegulce).* 

The  abdomen  is  the  third  of  the  three  principal  parts  of  the 
body,  but  we  usually  so  call  its  upper  side  only,  the  name  of  belly 
(venter)  being  given  to  the  under  side.  The  segments  of  the  ab- 
domen are  of  course,  as  in  the  other  orders  of  insects,  counted 
from  the  front  tc  ili^  back;  but  the  anterior  ones  are  often  soldered 
together,  while  the  posterior  ones  are  stunted,  and  by  their  con- 
cealed situation  withdrawn  from  the  eye;  ranch  caution  is  therefore 
required  in  counting  them.  The  statements  about  their  nuraber 
are  frequently  rather  arbitrary  and  conventional,  and  often  require 
an  explanation.  At  the  end  of  the  abdomen  we  see  in  the  male 
the  appendages  destined  to  take  hold  of  the  female  in  the  copula 


I 


' 


*  Some  authors  call  them  squamcc. — 0.  S. 


ON  THE  TERMINOLOGY  OP  DIPTERA. 


XV 


3d 


• 


. 


•  ! 


{hypopygium),  in  the  female  the  organ  for  laying  the  eggs  {ovi- 
positor) ;  the  former,  if  they  have  the  form  of  pincers  end  are  not 
bent  under  the  belly,  are  called  the  pincers  {forceps),  the  latter 
according  to  its  form  either  the  borer  {terebra)  or  the  style  {stylits). 
Both  organs  are  of  the  greatest  importance  in  the  distinction  of 
species  in  many  families,  and  their  structure  being  generally  very 
complicated  and  varying  much  in  different  families,  deserves  a  most 
attentive  study. 

The  neuration  of  the  icings  of  Diptera  forms  so  essential  a  foun- 
dation of  their  systematical  arrangement  and  is  so  useful  for  the 
distinction  of  species,  that  its  thorough  knowledge  and  a  scrupulous 
and  accurate  denomination  of  its  single  parts  and  of  their  mutual 
arrangeiiient  is  quite  indispensable.  Our  first  and  most  important 
task  will  be  to  ascertain  which  parts  of  the  neuration  of  the  wings 
correspond  to  each  other  in  the  different  familirs,  since  this  is  the 
only  way  to  obtain  a  terminology  in  which  corresponding  things 
are  designated  by  the  same  names,  and  which,  therefore,  is  not 
liable  to  misinterpretation. 

At  a  first  and  superficial  glance,  the  neuration  of  the  wings  shows 
so  different  a  structure  in  the  various  families  of  Diptera,  that  it  seems 
impossible  to  reduce  it  to  a  common  type.  But,  on  a  closer  examina- 
tion, we  find  that  we  can  make  out  without  much  difficulty  a  common 
type  existing  in  its  greatest  simplicity  and  plainness  in  the  Muscidse. 
The  framework  of  the  whole  neuration  of  the  wings  is  formed  by 
the  longitudinal  veins  {vence  longitiidinales),  which  are  connected 
with  eacl  other  by  the  transverse  veins  {vence  transversce  s.  venulce). 
The  longitudinal  veins  spring  from  four  trunks,  iijsuing  from  the 
base  of  the  wings;  the  first  and  fourth  trunks  being  the  least  de- 
veloped, the  second  and  third  must  be  taken  for  the  main  trunks, 
and  consequently  the  longitudinal  veins  originating  from  them,  for 
the  main  longitudinal  veins  of  the  wing.  To  the  anterior  of  these 
two  main  trunks  belong  three  longitudinal  veins,  the  foremost  of 
which  runs  first  parallel  to  the  anterior  border  of  the  wing  and 
joins  il  at  a  greater  or  less  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  wing ;  it 
is  called  the  first  longitudinal  vein  {vena  longitudinales  prima). 
The  second  longitudinal  vein  proceeds  from  the  first  generally  lie- 
fore  the  middle  of  the  vring,  and  reaches  the  anterior  border  cf  the 
wing  nearer  ♦o  the  tip.  In  a  similar  way  the  third  longitudinal 
vein  has,  again,  its  origin  from  the  second.  To  the  second  main 
trunk  also   belong  three  longitudinal  veins,  which  are  counted 


XVI 


ON  THE  TERMINOLOOY  OF  DIPTERA. 


11 


W. 


i 


J 


ry: 


it-/* 


from  the  front  to  the  back,  and  are  called  the  fourth,  Ofth,  and  sixth 
longitudinal  veins.  The  hindmost  vein  of  the  anterior  main  trunk 
and  the  forenaost  vein  of  the  posterior  main  trunk,  i.  e.  the  third 
and  fourth  longitudinal  veins,  are  connected  by  a  transverse  vein 
situated  about  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  called  the  small  or  raid* 
die  transverse  vein  {vena  transversa  minor  s.  media).  Using  this 
transverse  vein  as  a  starting-point,  we  cannot  easily  have  any  doubt 
about  the  position  of  each  of  these  six  main  longitudinal  veins. 

The  remaining  neuration  takes  place  in  the  following  way :  The 
lirst  of  the  four  trunks  emits  a  usually  rather  stout  vein,  forming 
tlie  anterior  border  of  the  wing;  it  either  runs  round  the  whole 
border  of  the  wing,  attenuating  a  little  towards  its  end,  and  is  called 
the  marginal  vein  {vena  marginalis),  or  it  only  reaches  as  far  as 
the  fourth  or  third,  sometimes  even  the  second  or  Grst  longitudinal 
veins,  and  is  then  generally  called  the  costal  vein  {vena  costulis  s. 
rnsta) ;  both  these  expressions  can  be  used  as  identical  without  any 
tear  of  incorrectness.  The  costal  vein  is  sometimes  interrupted  in 
one  or  more  places,  thus  forming  a  number  of  successive  portions, 
a  structure  most  characteristic  in  several  families.  Besides  this 
vein,  a  second  one  proceeds  from  the  foremost  of  the  four  trunks, 
which,  from  its  being  frequently  absent,  is  not  counted  with  the 
other  longitudinal  veins,  but  is  called  the  auxiliary  vein  {vena  aux- 
iliaris)',  not  far  from  its  base,  it  is  connected  by  the  transverse 
shoulder  vein  {vena  transversa  humeralis)  with  the  costal  vein.  A 
total  or  partial  absence  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  its  structure,  and  the 
peculiarities  of  situation  which  it  has  relatively  to  the  first  longi- 
tudinal vein,  are  very  characteristic  marks  for  the  distinction  of 
families  and  genera. 

The  first  and  second  longitudinal  veins  are  usually  simple,  the 
third  being  frequently  forked ;  this  furcation  arises  from  its  emitting 
beyond  the  small  transverse  veia  an  anterior  branch,  which  gene- 
rally runs  to  the  border  of  the  wing  between  the  second  and  third 
longitudinal  veins,  and  is  therefore  called  the  anterior  branch  of 
the  third  longitudinal  vein.  Both  branches  together  form  the  fork 
of  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  and  that  part  of  this  vein  which  lies 
between  the  small  transverse  vein  and  the  point  of  forking  of  both 
branches  is  called  the  handle  {pedunculus}  of  this  fork.  Some- 
times the  foremost  branch  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  is  con- 
nected with  the  second  longitudinal  vein  by  a  transverse  vein,  or 
it  runs  into  the  second  longitudinal  vein  instead  of  running  to  the 


1 


ON  THE  TERMINOLOGY  OF  DIPTERA. 


X711 


i 


r 
e 


border  of  the  wing,  and  thus  lias  the  appearance  of  a  transverse 
vein. 

In  most  Diptcra  there  is  no  other  connection  between  the  tliird 
and  fourtli  longitudinal  veins  except  the  small  transverse  voin,  and 
we  can  cross  the  wing  between  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal 
veins  in  its  whole  length  without  meeting  another  vein  but  the 
small  transverse  vein.  But  in  some  families  the  fourth  longitudinal 
vein,  abandoning  towards  its  end  its  former  direction,  turns  to  the 
third  longitudinal  vein  and  reaches  it  either  at  its  end  or  a  little 
before  it,  constituting  thus  a  second  connection :  there  is  a  rarer 
case  when  that  connection  is  effected  by  a  transverse  vein  placed 
distinctly  on  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein.  A  third  connection 
between  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  and  the  anterior  main  trunk 
is  formed  in  some  families  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  base  of  the 
wing;  often  there  is  only  a  transverse  fold  running  obliquely  from 
tiie  fourth  longitudinal  vein  to  the  Orst;  in  some  families  it  incras- 
sates  into  a  transverse  vein. 

The  three  longitudinal  veins  belonging  to  the  second  main  trunk 
usually  begin  to  diverge  quite  near  the  base  of  the  wing;  the  hind- 
most of  them,  i.  e.  the  sixth  bngitudinal  vein,  is  often  distinctly 
seen  as  the  continuation  of  the  common  trunk,  while  the  two  ante- 
rior ones  uniting  with  their  bases  seem  to  form  a  kind  of  loop 
which  touches  the  main  trunk  only  at  one  point.  As  frequently, 
the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  represents  a  distinct  continuation  of  the 
main  trunk;  in  some  families  all  the  three  longitudinal  veins  appear 
in  equal  distinctness  as  its  branches.  Between  the  fourth  and  the 
fifth  longitudinal  veins  there  are  in  general  two  transverse  veins, 
which  divide  the  space  of  the  wing,  included  by  the  fourth  and  fifth 
longitudinal  veins,  into  three  parts.  The  first  of  these  transverse 
veins  is  the  anterior  basal  transverse  vein  {vena  transversa  hasalis 
anterior  s.  venula  hasalis  anterior),  the  absence  of  which  is  charac- 
teristic for  some  families;  the  second  is  usually  the  longest  trans- 
verse vein  of  the  wing  and  is  of  the  highest  systematic  value ;  it 
is  called  the  posterior  transverse  vein  {vena  transversa  posterior  s. 
venula  jyosterior).  Not  unfrequontly  another  vein  starts  from  its 
middle,  running  to  the  border  of  the  wing;  it  cannot  be  considered 
as  a  longitudinal  vein,  and -is  called  the  anterior  intccalary  vein 
{vena  intercalaris  anterior).  It  must  not  bo  confounded  with  a 
branch  emitted  in  some  Diptera  from  the  posterior  side  of  the 
fourth  longitudinal  vein  before  its  tip. 

B 


Ir! 


xvni 


ON  THE  TERMINOLOOY  OF  DIPTERA. 


I    ' 


i    '■ 


Near  the  base  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  rises  the  posterior 
basal  transverse  vein  (vena  transversa  busali's  posterior  s.  i-ennla 
basalt's  posterior),  usually  a  short  transverse  vein,  running  to  the 
s'  th  longitudinal  vein,  but  frequently  meeting  it  only  in  a  later 
part  of  its  course  at  a  very  acute  angle,  or  even  reaching  the  bor- 
der of  the  wing,  without  having  met  that  vein;  in  all  these  rases  it 
divides  all  the  space  of  the  wing  lying  between  the  fifth  and  sixth 
longitudinal  veins  into  two  parts.  In  several  families  there  is, 
immediately  beyond  this  transverse  vein,  another  vein,  the  posterior 
intercalary  vein  {vena  intercalaris  posterior),  which  proceeds  from 
the  nfth  longitudinal  vein  and  runs  to  the  border  of  the  wing ; 
sometimes  it  meets  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  before  reaching  the 
border. 

In  that  part  of  the  wing  wliich  is  behind  the  sixth  longitudinal 
vein,  are  spread  the  branches  of  the  hindmost  of  the  four  trunks  ; 
it  is  entirely  wanting  in  many  Diptera,  and  exists  in  most  of  thera 
only  in  a  rudimentary  state;  therefore  generally  only  onj  branch, 
or  at  the  utmost  two  weak  ones,  not  rcichir.g  the  border  of  the 
wing,  are  perceptible;  they  are  called  the  axillary  veins  (vena  ax- 
illares). Where  the  hindmost  trunk  is  well  developed,  these  veins 
become  complete  longitudinal  veins;  they  best  preserve  the  same 
name,  but  may  be  numbered  as  the  seventh,  and,  where  two  exist, 
as  the  seventh  and  eighth  longitudinal  veiud  without  any  fear  of 
misinterpretation.  In  the  case  of  such  a  great  development  of 
this  trunk,  the  foremost  of  the  veins  belonging  to  it  is  generally 
connected  near  its  base  with  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  by  a  trans- 
verse vein. 

It  results,  from  the  foregoing  exposition,  that  the  anterior  part 
of  the  wing  is  divided  by  the  three  longitudinal  veins  belonging  to 
the  anterior  main  trunk,  and  the  posterior  by  the  three  longitudi- 
nal veins  belonging  to  the  posterior  main  trunk,  each  into  three 
sections,  an  exterior  one,  a  middle,  and  an  interior  one,  while  the 
three  sections  of  the  anterior  part  of  the  wing  are  separated  from 
those  of  the  posterior  part  by  a  middle  stripe  or  band  which  ex- 
tends from  the  base  of  the  wing  to  its  tip.  It  would  be  an  easy 
task  to  invent  fit  names  for  these  principal  parts  of  the  surface  of 
the  wing,  from  which  convenient  expressions  would  result  for  their 
single  parts  or  the  cells  of  the  wings.  But  it  seems  to  me  that 
the  introduction  of  such  a  new  nomenclature  would  hardly  promote 
our  principal  end,  the  agreement  of  authors  in  the  use  of  termiuo- 


J 


ON  THE  TERMINOLOGY  OF  DIPTERA. 


SIX 


of 
iir 
I  at 
)te 

10- 


^ 


' 


logical  expressions,  since  it  is  not  so  much  the  nature  of  the  re- 
ceived terms  as  the  consent  in  their  application  which  we  must 
aim  at.  I  therefore  think  it  most  advisable  to  retain  such  names 
for  the  denomination  of  the  wintr-cells,  as  arc  already  in  general 
use.  ]5ut  in  adopting  these  names  I  cannot  but  mention  that 
many  of  them  do  not  seem  to  be  well  chosen,  and  that  I  accejit 
them  only  with  the  intention  of  bringing  about  a  terminology 
generally  agreed  upon. 

I  shall,  therefore,  call  the  colls  belonging  to  the  first  section  of 
the  wing  the  costal  cells  (celhi/a-  costales),  those  of  the  second  the 
marginal  cells  {cel/nlae  mar y  in  (ties),  and  those  of  the  third  the  sub- 
marginal  cells  {celhihi'  siibiiian/iiiules).  The  latter  are  of  the  greatest 
importance  for  characterizing  families  and  genera,  as  well  us  for 
the  distinction  of  species.  When  the  second  and  third  longitudi- 
nal veins  are  simple,  and  the  third  anterior  section  is  consequently 
undivided,  there  exists  only  one  submarginal  cell;  but  when  the 
third  longitudinal  vein  has  a  branch  running  to  the  border  of  the 
wing,  we  count  two  such  cells,  an  anterior  and  a  posterior  one; 
when  the  anterior  branch  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  is  also 
connected  with  the  second  longitudinal  vein  by  a  transverse  vein, 
the  n'uiiber  of  submarginal  cells  amounts  to  three,  among  which 
that,  formed  by  the  inner  part  of  the  anterior  submarginal  cell,  is 
called  the  interior  submarginal  cell ;  when  the  anterior  branch  of 
the  third  longitudinal  cell  a.ssumes  the  form  of  a  transverse  vein 
runni.:^'  to  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  only  an  interior  and  an 
exterior  submarginal  cell  are  distinguished. 

Among  the  existing  names,  none  is  well  applicable  as  a  common 
denomination  either  to  the  cells  belonging  to  the  middle  of  the 
wing  or  to  those  of  each  of  the  two  first  sections  of  the  posterior 
part  of  the  wing;  I  am  compelled,  therefore,  though  not  without 
reluctance,  to  give  up  the  ai)plication  of  such  names.  Among  the 
cells  of  the  portion  just  mentioned,  there  are  three  that  have  gene- 
rally been  too  little  noticed  in  the  description  of  the  neuration  of 
the  wing.  Their  different  forms  give  very  good  characters,  the 
more  so  as,  on  the  whole,  the  differences,  which  the  neuration 
shows  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  base  and  costal  border,  have 
always  a  higher  systematic  value  than  those  occurring  near  the  tip 
or  the  posterior  border  rr  the  wing.  Those  three  cells  are  i)laced 
nearest  to  the  base  of  the  wing ;  the  first  of  them  belongs  to  the 
middle  of  the  wing,  and  reaches  as  far  as  the  small  transverse 


mil 

m 


zz 


ON  THE  TKKMINOLOGY  OF  DirTEUA. 


l! 


f 


r. 


il 

■I , 
h 


■i.,;', 


:|. 


h-l. 


vein  ;  the  second  bclonjfs  to  tlie  first  section  of  tlic  posterior  part 
of  tlic  winir,  niiil  extends  as  far  ns  tlie  anterior  basal  transverse 
vein  ;  tlie  tliird  bi'lontrs  to  the  second  section  of  the  same  part  of 
the  wilier,  nnd  joins  tiic  ))Osterioi-  l)asal  transverse  vein.  These 
three  cells  may,  in  fjjeneral,  he  called  the  three  basal  cells  {vvllnhe 
basales).  The  foremost  of  them  is  jjenerally  much  longer  than  the 
two  others,  a  proportion  which  is  usually  indicated  by  the  expression 
of  "one  larjre  and  two  small  basal  cells;"  against  this  mode  ofex- 
l)ression  nothiiifj  cnn  be  objected,  since  it  implies  no  \v  >  '•rtainty. 
It  is,  however,  a  little  jtuzzling  to  invent  a  convenient  term,  when 
the  posterior  basal  transverse  vein,  instead  of  rnnninp:  to  the  sixth 
lonpitiidinal  vein,  assumes  the  character  of  u  loiifritudinal  vein, 
and  runs  to  the  border  of  the  wing,  so  that  the  hindmost  basal  cell 
joins  the  border  of  the  wing.  Not  only  in  this  case,  but  also  when 
the  hindmost  basal  cell,  though  closed,  is  distinguished  from  the 
second  basal  cell  by  a  much  more  considuraljle  length,  it  is  usually 
named  the  anal  cell  (ceUnIa  analis),  and  then,  consequently,  two 
basal  cells  are  considered  to  be  present.  IJadly  chosen  as  the  terra 
"anal  cell"  may  be,  it  is,  nevertheless,  so  settled  that  it  will  be 
difTioult  to  remove  it  by  the  introduction  of  a  more  convenient  one. 
In  certain  families  the  great  and  very  symmetrical  development  of 
the  three  basal  cells  is  characteristic  ;  they  are  then  culled  the 
ternated  cells  (ccllnlfe  tenmta),  whieh  term,  though  expressive 
of  the  thing,  seems  to  be  superlluous.  One  of  the  most  important 
cells  is  that  belonging  to  the  lirst  section  of  the  ]iosterior  ]iart  of 
the  wing,  and  extending  from  the  anterior  basal  transverse  vein  to 
the  posterior  transverse  vein,  and  l)earing  the  little  transverse  vein 
on  its  anterior  margin  ;  it  is  generally  called  the  discoidal  or  discal 
cell  (celliila  discoichtlis).  When  the  anterior  basal  transverse  vein 
is  wanting,  which  is  characteristic  in  many  families  and  genera, 
this  cell  coalesces  with  the  second  basal  cell,  which  then  must  be 
considered  as  a  part  of  the  diseoidal  cell ;  if  the  posterior  trans- 
verse vein  has  disappeared,  there  is  no  discoidal  cell  at  all.  In 
those  Diptera  which  possess  the  anterior  intercalary  vein,  sometimes 
the  part  of  the  posterior  transverse  vein  situated  before  or  behind 
this  intercalary  vein  is  wanting,  and  in  that  case  the  existence  of  a 
discal  cell  is  granted,  which,  in  the  former  instance,  is  considered 
as  anteriorly  opened,  in  the  latter,  as  posteriorly  opened. 

The  second  cell  of  the  middle  of  the  wing  opening  in  its  border, 
and  those  of  the  two  first  sections  of  the  posterior  part  of  the 


ON  THE  TERMINOLOOY  OF  DIl'TEHA. 


XXI 


fer, 
Itlie 


winp,  nrc  onlltMl  llie  cells  of  the  posterior  ninrjrin,  or  posterior  oells 
{rvl/iifitposlrri'inrs),  ami  miinliercil  as  first,  second,  ete.,  Itcuiiiniiij? 
witii  tliat  \vliiel\  Iteioiiffs  to  tlio  miilillc  of  the  wiiijr,  and  is  liniited 
at  its  base  hy  the  small  traiisvc'rsi'  vein.  It  is  evident  that  in  all 
I)iptera  there  are  really  only  three  posterior  cells.  They  exist  in 
their  typical  simple  form  in  the  Mnan'div.  The  iirst  of  them  1)C- 
lonps  to  the  middle  of  the  winir,  the  two  others  to  the  first  and 
second  section  of  the  jiosterior  part  of  the  wlnp:.  The  first  is 
usually  subjcc'  to  no  partition,  hut  is  sometimes  closed  before 
reaching  the  border.  The  second  is  fretpiently  divided  in  two 
portions  by  the  presence  of  the  anterior  intercalary  vein,  and  this 
happens  whenever  the  fourth  lonjritudinal  vein  emits  a  hind  branch 
before  its  end;  it  even  forms  three  portions  when  this  branch 
exists  alonj?  with  the  intercalary  vein.  In  the  genera  havinji^  a 
posterior  intercalary  vein,  a  bipartition  of  the  third  posterior  cell 
occurs.  Thou<rh  it  wo'dd  be  very  convenient  to  speak  in  all  cases 
of  only  three  such  cells,  and  to  point  out  in  the  way  indicated  the 
mode  of  tlieir  further  ))artilion,  yet  the  ruliiiü:  usa<re  does  not 
admit  of  this,  but  counts  all  these  portions  as  successive  posterior 
cells,  whence  iheir  number  sometimes  amounts  to  six.  When  the 
second  posterior  cell  ami  the  discoidal  cell  are  united  in  conse- 
quence of  the  absence  of  the  posterior  transverse  vein,  the  cell 
formed  in  this  way  retains  the  name  of  second  posterior  cell. 

The  cells  belonging  to  the  third  section  of  the  posterior  part  of 
the  wing  are  not,  usually,  completely  separated  from  each  other, 
and  then  are  frequently  termed  the  false  cells  {cellvhr  spuriiv);  a 
better  term  for  them  might  be  that  of  axillary  cells  {vcUnlie  axil- 
hircs).  They  are  numbered  in  the  direction  from  the  sixth  longi- 
tudinal vein  towards  the  i)osterior  angle  of  the  wing. 

As  for  the  expressions  ccsttil  border,  fi/>,  posterior  border,  pos- 
terior or  anal  ani/fe  of  the  wing,  they  are  understood  by  everybody. 
The  posterior  angle  is  terminated  by  the  axillary  incision  {iucisura 
axillaris)  towards  the  base  of  the  wing.  The  wings  of  many  Dip- 
tera  are  provided  with  a  lobiforin  ai)pendage,  the  alar  ajipcndage 
{alula),  reaching  from  the  axillary  incision  to  the  innermost  base ; 
it  must  not  be  confounded  wiili  the  covering  scale  that  lies  above 
the  poisers,  and  which  has  often  been  called  I)y  the  same  name. 

In  order  to  understand  a  very  intricate  neuration  and  reduce  it 
to  the  simple  type,  we  must  take  care  not  to  assume  for  parts  of 
the  same  maiu  vein  all  those  ramificalious  which  run  in  one  direc- 


I 'In; 


i 


xxii 


ON  THE  TERMTNOLOOY  OP  DIPTERA. 


h 


'1 


i  I 


■  ■  ii 


tion.  As  tlircnds  loosely  drawn  up  in  a  frame,  when  stronply 
strniued  by  transverse  threads  of  dilTercnt  length,  must  necessarily 
adopt  an  angular  direction,  so  do  lonpitudinal  veins,  in  consequence 
of  a  varied  situation  oiid  the  Icnpth  of  the  transverse  veins.  The 
outline  of  the  wing,  the  length  of  the  longitudinal  veins,  the  situ- 
ation and  length  of  the  transvcise  veins,  as  well  as  the  area  of  the 
two  racmlrancs  of  the  wing,  stand  in  such  a  i-elation  to  euch  other 
that  the  wonderful  effect  of  their  hardening  after  the  exclusion  of 
the  insect  will  l)e  a  surface  more  or  less  even,  hut  in  every  case  fit 
for  the  performance  of  flight,  the  main  agents  of  which  are  ajipa- 
rently  the  anterior  part  of  the  wing,  as  being  more  stout  and  rigid, 
and  its  posterior  part,  which,  being  in  most  cases  united  with  the 
former  by  the  small  transverse  vein  only,  is  more  movable,  and 
acts  as  an  inclined  plane,  propelling  the  insect  during  the  motions 
of  the  wings  both  up  and  down.  It  is  in  such  genera  only  as 
Syrilta,  Bomhylius,  Nemestrina,  the  habits  of  which  require  not  so 
much  a  rapid  locomotion,  as  a  constant  hovering  over  a  spot,  that 
a  multiplied  connection  of  the  anterior  and  posterior  part  bf  the 
wing  by  transverse  veins  restrains  the  mobility  of  the  posterior 
part  of  the  wing,  and  renders  its  propelling  effect  less  sensible. 

A  correct  understanding  of  a  very  intricate  neuration  is  in  many 
cases  by  fur  not  so  difficult  as  that  of  a  very  incomplete  one.  The 
latter  will  be  best  obtained  by  observing,  that  in  such  wings  the 
three  anterior  trunks  of  the  veins  are  not  only  incompletely  de- 
veloped, but  also  crowded  together  on  the  anterior  part  of  the 
wing,  an  uncommonly  large  space  being  allotted  to  the  fourth 
trunk.  In  this  way,  the  striking  narrowness  of  the  anterior  and 
middle  parts  of  the  wing  and  the  extraordinary  dilatation  of  the 
posterior  part,  find  their  explanation.  Sometimes  a  closer  exami- 
nation of  the  surface  of  the  wing  will  yield  a  useful  result  by  our 
observing  the  different  kind  of  hair  peculiar  to  the  veins,  and  which 
remains, though  the  veins  themselves  are  wanting.  All  Diptera  with 
very  incomplete  neuration  are  baU  fliers,  since  the  greater  flexibility 
of  the  posterior  part  of  their  wings  can  but  imperfectly  compen- 
sate the  propelling  effect  of  this  part  when  sustained  by  a  stronger 
neuration. 

The  legs  of  diptera,  like  those  of  the  other  orders,  consist  of 
four  principal  parts,  called  the  hips  {coxse),  thighs  {femora), 
shanks  {tibiae),  and  feet  {tarsi).  The  hips  consist  of  two  joints ; 
the  second,  smaller  one,  is  called  trochanter.    The  feet  are  gene- 


.^t! 


ON  THE  TERMINOLOQY  OF  DIPTERA.  xxiH 

rally  Hvc-jointed  ;  the  Hrst  joint  Is  cnllcd  metatarsus.  At  the  tip 
of  the  lust  .-oint  there  are  two  claws  (nnr,ues),  am]  under  each  of 
them  there  is  generally  a  membrnnnceous  appendage  called  pul. 
villus.  Besides  these  appendages,  many  families  have  between 
them  n  third  single  appendage  of  similar  structure,  which  is  called 
e,>,po,lhon;  in  other  families  this  organ  is  bristle-like,  or  altogether 
vvanting.  " 

I  have  little  to  say  nbont  the  expressions  for  the  dilTerent  cha- 
racters of  the  surface  and  the  clothing  of  the  parts  of  the  body  of 
P.ptora ;  I  will  observe  only  that  the  gradations  honrv  (pruinosus) 
dusted  (polhnosus),  mealy  (fannosus),  or  pubescent  (pnbesccJ 
hairy  (pilosus),  bristly  (setosns),  etc.,  in  their  application  must  be 
judged  more  according  to  a  relative  than  an  absolute  scale,  viz    in 
a  family  that  has  coarse  hair  the  same  is  cal'ed  hoiry.  which  in 
another  with  fine  hair  is  termed  bristly,  and  so  in  similar  cases 
If  we  were  not  willing  to  do  so,  expressions  would  fail  to  point 
out  the  existing  difierences. 


m 


xxiv 


ON  TirK  TKIlMINOIiOOY  OF  DIPTERA. 


I 


i^ 


Mf 


!   ;:l 

■'ii 


'i   I- 
a. 


■i 


1.  Winr/  nf  Ortiitis. 

It.  Traiisv(>isi'  -«lionldpr-vpin  (vona  transversa  liumpralls). 

6.  Auxiliary  vein  (venu  imxiliiiii»). 

c,  rf,  f-,J\  'J.  rtiiil  /'.  Kir«t,  sciMiiil,  tliiril,  I'cmrlli,  flfl)i,  and  sixth  Inngitndinal  veins  (tph» 

liiiiiiitiiiliniili's  priiiin,  hccumla,  Icrtiii,  iiuiirtii,  i(iiiiitii,  in  hcxiii), 
i.  Siniill  111'  iiiiililli'  Iriuisversi'  vriii  (voim  iraiKVi'i'sii  niiiiDr  s.  media). 
k.   HiiidiT  liaiKvi'isc  vein  (vena  transversa  pustcriur). 
/,  )n,  )i,  II.  ('■'>Ial  vein  (Vena  (■■istalis), 
;),   Anteriiir  hasal  transverse  vein  (vena  transversa  bnsalis  anterinr). 

7.  l'e>teiiiir  Inisal  liansverse  vein  (veua  transversa  basalis  posterior). 
r.  liinliinent  nf  tlio  t'onrtli  trniik. 

s.   Axillary  iiieisien  (incisura  axillaris). 

A,  II.  and  ''.  First,  sccnud,  uud  tliird  costal-celU  (cellulae  costales  prima,  aecuDda,  et 

tenia). 
Z).   .Marj-inal  cell  feellnia  tnarci nails). 
I'.  Sulnnai^inal  cell  leelliilii  siiliniarniiialis). 
F,  <•,  and  //.  first,  seeuud,  and  tliird  pustorlorcelU  (celluin  po8terioreB  prima,  secunda, 

et  Ionia). 
7.   Piscal  eell  (peHnla  dlscoidalls). 

A'.   First  iir  large  liaMil  cell  (eelliila  basiills  prima  s.  major). 
J,.  Secnid  basal  eell,  or  anterinr  id'  tlie  small  basal  rells. 
jV.  'I'liird  ba^al  cell,  or  iio-iterior  ol'  tlie  small  basal  cells. 
A.  Anal  or  axillary  coriii'r  of  the  wing  (uugiilu»  uualis  s.  axillaris). 
O.   Alar  appendage  (alula). 

2.  Willi/  iif  1:111  jii.v. 

t.  Anterior  lirancli  of  tlio  third  longitudinal  vein  (veaao  lougltudinalU  tortlae  ramim 

aiilerior). 
■u.  Aiiti'rior  intercalary  vein  (vona  iutercalaris  anterior). 
'S.    \Viiiij  i>/  Diif^i/j)  ii/iiii. 
t.  Anterior  branch  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein. 
n.  Anterior  iiilerCLilary  vein. 
V.  Posterior  intercalary  vein. 


I 


^1  ■ 


If 


Din  E  R  A 


or 


NOKTII    AMEIUCA. 


I. 


SKETCII  OP  THE  SYSTEMATIC  AIIUANUEMENT  OF  DII'TEUA  :  WITH  AN 
ENUMERATION  OF  THE  OEXEUA  IIITIIERTt)  IIECOIIDED  AS  FuUXD 
IN  NORTH  AMERICA. 


la,  et 


luda, 


Our  knowledge  of  the  Piptcrologicul  Fauna  of  North  America 
has  hitely  made  rajiid  progress  by  the  groat  attention  paid  to  it 
by  IJaron  Osten  Sacken  during  his  residence  in  Washington.  As 
a  preliminary  to  further  investigations,  he  prepared,  in  185S,  for 
publication  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  a  Catalogue  of  the 
then  doscril)cd  North  American  l)iptcrn,  which  had  the  great  and 
essential  merit  of  nearly  entire  completeness.  It  cannot  but  bo 
considered  as  a  wise  precaution  that  he  did  not  enter  upon  a  criti- 
cal examination  of  the  published  species,  as  he  well  understood 
that  such  an  examination  could  only  be  the  work  of  the  coml)ined 
efforts  of  many  persons,  and  the  fruit  of  a  long  toil  of  years,  and 
that  consequently  undertaking  it  would  have  indefinitely  retarded 
the  publication  of  such  a  catalogue,  so  desirable  for  the  advance- 
ment of  North  American  Dipterology.  The  impulse  caused  by 
JJaron  Osten  Saekcn's  Catalogue  is  already  evident,  and  it  has 
proved  a  welcome  and  valual)le  assistance  to  every  one  attempting 
a  more  thorough  study  of  North  American  Diptera,  by  an  intel- 
ligible arrangement  of  the  already  published  species,  not  only 
sparing  him  much  laborious  research,  but  also  giving  him  the  cer- 
tainty of  not  overlooking  a  species  already  described.  But  although 
this  Catalogue  presents  a  survey  of  all  papers  hitherto  published, 
and  of  the  contributions  of  each  author,  it  does  not,  and  according 


I 
■•'4 


I 


ii 


2  DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

to  its  plan  could  not,  aflbrd  a  survey  of  the  North  American 
luiina  Dipteruloijica,  corresponding  to  the  present  state  of  sys- 
tematic Dipterology ;  on  tiie  contrary,  sketching  such  a  survey  is 
one  of  the  tasks  to  which  it  looks  forward  to  as  one  of  the  first 
fruits  of  its  jjublication.  It  would  be  quite  inii)0ssible  to  draw 
such  a  systematic  survey  of  the  hitherto  known  Xorth  American 
Diptera  from  the  Catalogue  itself,  since  it  comprises  the  puljlica- 
tiuns  of  the  authors  of  dilVerent  times  and  countries,  of  writers  who 
had  the  most  did'erent  systematic  ideas  and  jioints  of  view,  antl 
since,  in  consequence  of  its  plan,  it  could  not  but  include  such 
papers  as  are  devoid  of  any  solid  knowledge  of  systematic  Dipter- 
ology — to  \vhi<'h,  above  all,  the  descri[)lions  of  Rob.  Desvoidy, 
and,  in  a  still  higher  degree,  those  of  3Ir.  Walker  belong.  Conse- 
quently a  survey  of  those  families  and  genera  which  North  America 
really  possesses,  is  to  be  acquired  in  no  other  way  than  from  the  in- 
spection and  careful  investigation  of  the  species  themselves.  The 
rich  collections  of  Baron  Osten-Sacken  have  enabled  me  to  examine 
a  number  of  North  American  species  sufficient  to  allow  me  to  ven- 
ture an  essay  of  the  kind  indicated.  In  this  survey  I  have  adopted 
for  the  North  American  Fauna  the  same  area  as  that  of  Baron 
Osten  Sacken's  Catalogue,  the  materials  upon  which  lestablish  my 
work  corresponding  to  this  area.  Still  it  cannot  be  denied,  as  far 
as  I  am  able  to  judge,  that  this  area,  in  its  southern  extent,  reaches 
beyond  the  limits  of  the  North  American  zoological  province.  In 
order  to  give  a  true,  though  of  course  not  conqtlete  sketch  of  the 
North  American  l)ipteroloii,ical  Fauna,  I  can,  besides  such  s})ecies 
as  I  know  by  my  own  inspection,  have  regard  only  to  those  the 
systematic  location  of  which  is  in  no  way  aoubtful. 

For  many  years  past  all  Diptera  have  been  divided  into  two 
large  sections,  Nemoccra  and  Brachycem.  In  the  Diptera  of  the 
first  section  the  antenna,  having  the  fundamental  form  of  a  thread, 
consists  of  many  joints,  two  of  them  being  called  the  joints  of  the 
scnptts,  the  following  those  of  the  Jhtf/elliim.  Tiie  latter  are  all  of 
the  same  structure,  although  this  structure  varies  in  dilferent  spe- 
cies. The  first  joint  of  the  llagellum,  /.  e.,  the  thud  of  the  whole 
antenna,  is  never  so  Jistinguislted  in  size  or  structure  that  one 
might  consider  the  succeeding  joints  as  its  accessorial  appendages, 
nor  is  the  connection  of  the  joints  (with  the  exception  of  the  liibi- 
onidcc,  Mycctophilidce,  and  a  few  others)  such  as  might  lead  us  to 


3 

i 


I 
I 

I 

I 

i 


t 


DIPTERA  OF  NOnTII  AMERICA. 


3 


two 

'  the 

'Ciul, 

r  the 
ill  of 

SJtC- 

lole 
one 
ges, 
iibi- 
is  to 


consider  them  as  one,  divided  into  several  annnliform  segments. 
In  the  second  .  cctlon,  the  BruclnjcerH,  the  two  joints  of  tlie  scapus 
are  likewise  separated;  the  third  joint,  or  first  of  the  (lagellnra, 
usually  differs  by  its  remarkably  developed  size  and  its  anatomical 
structure,  causing  it  to  be  considered  as  a  sensorial  organ  about 
the  nature  of  which  entomologists  are  not  yet  agreed.  The  suc- 
ceeding juints  of  the  flagellum  arc  much  reduced  in  size,  generally 
very  few  in  number,  and  often  of  unequal  number  in  nearly  related 
genera,  or  even  in  species  <5f  the  same  genus.  They  even  disappear 
entirely  in  some  genera  {c  r/.,  in  Scenopintis).  If  they  are  e.xtant, 
they  have  usually  the  form  of  a  style  or  bristle,  the  position  of 
which,  according  to  its  nature,  is  in  fact  apical,  although,  from 
the  development  of  the  under  side  of  the  third  joint,  the  bristle 
often  seems  inserted  on  it"  back,  or  even,  in  some  instances,  in 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  base  itself.  In  the  genera,  in  which 
the  first  joint  of  the  (lagelluni  is  not  of  a  remarkable  size,  the 
following  joints  are  generally  more  numerous,  and  either  all  or  the 
greater  part  of  them  share  the  jieculiar  organization  showing  their 
function  to  be  that  of  a  sensorial  organ.  They  are  applied  at  the 
same  time  so  closely  to  the  first  joint  of  the  flagellum,  that  we  are 
compelled  to  cons'der  all  of  them  together  as  one,  divided  into 
several  segments,  or  the  terminal  one  as  a  style  or  bristle  of  a  single 
joint,  formed  l)y  the  other  joints  of  the  flagellum.  Consequently 
the  essential  diflerencc  between  the  sections  Nvmoccr((  et  Brac/iyccra 
is  this,  that  in  ihe  latter  the  number  of  joints  of  the  flagellum  is 
not  only  smaller,  but  also  that  the  lower  joint,  sometimes  a  few 
joints,  always  the  lower  ones,  rarely  all,  have  a  more  distinct  de- 
velopment, and  at  the  same  time  a  peculiar  anatomical  structure 
undoubtediy  proving  their  function  to  be  that  of  a  sensorial  organ. 
It  cannot  be  denied  that  those  families  of  Bravlnjreru  in  which 
several  of  the  joints  of  the  flagellum  are  so  soldered  together  as 
to  form  one  compound  and  annulated  mass,  stand  nearest  to  the 
section  of  Nemocera,  and  that  amongst  these  families  the  Xijlopha- 
gidic  must  be  placed  immeiliately  on  the  limit  of  both  sections.  It 
is  more  difficult  to  point  out  a  family  of  Soiniccra,  which  comes 
nearer  to  the  section  of  Urachycera  than  all  the  others;  in  general 
the  families  of  Jilt i/pfiiJce  and  JJiOiomdf/;  may  l)e  considered  as  those 
to  which  this  station  must  be  assigned.  It  is  a  fact  that  some  dis- 
coveries made  in  modern  times  have  obliterated  to  a  certain  degree 
the  sharpness  of  the  limit  which  was  considered  to  exist  lietween 


1;: 


i 


IS 


i: 


nil 


W 


'j^' 


¥ 


u. 


.1. 


Hi;. 


4  DirTEKA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

the  sections  of  Nemocera  and  Brachycera.  The  fact  known  long 
ago,  that  in  some  genera  of  Stratiomydfc  and  Tahumchu  the  joints 
of  the  flagelhim  not  being  closely  compressed,  do  not  form  a  com- 
pact joint,  has  been  rather  neglected  in  this  respect,  perhaps  be- 
cause the  Stratiomydcp-  and  Tahanidfe,  by  their  wh.ole  organization, 
are  rather  remote  from  the  Xemocera,  and  have  so  strikingly  pecu- 
liar characters  as  individual  families,  that  their  comparison  with 
the  Nemocera  has  scarcely  been  thought  of.  The  case  was  dif- 
ferent when  a  similar  structure  was  ol)sdVved  in  the  family  of  Xylo- 
phagidcp.  After  I  had  myself  first  pointed  out  the  genera  Ehctra 
and  Chrysothcmis,  discovered  by  me  in  Prussian  amber,  INIr.  Hali- 
day  found  the  still  more  surprising  Xorth  American  genus  Eitchi- 
ceriis.  I  shall  have  hereafter  to  mention  a  second  North  American 
genus  of  Xyhphayrdce,  which  has  the  flagelhim  of  the  antennit;  not 
annulated,  but  really  many-jointed.  All  these  facts,  however,  are 
not  sufficient  to  compel  ns  at  present  to  give  up  the  separation  of 
the  Xemocera  and  Brachycera. 

Many  authorities  have  likewise  objected  to  uniting  under  the 
head  of  Brachycera  all  those  families  which  cannot  be  referred 
to  the  Xemocera,  esi)ecially  and  with  the  fullest  reason,  to  the 
union  of  the  Illppohoscidce  with  the  other  Brachycera,  since 
both  the  history  of  their  development  and  their  internal  and  ex- 
ternal anatomy  essentially  differ  from  them.  They  can  only  be 
considered  as  a  third  section,  co-ordinate  to  the  Xemocera  and 
Brachycera,  and  having  the  same  systematic  value,  and  may  Ije 
named  Coriacea,  or  they  may  be  opposed  to  the  other  two  together 
as  equivalent,  and  consequently  be  comi)rised  under  the  name  of 
Eprohoscidea,  that  of  Prohoscldea  being  left  to  the  two  other  sec- 
tions.    I  intend  to  follow  the  first  of  these  two  arrangements. 

Of  the  families  which  I  shall  hereafter  enumerate  as  belonging 
to  the  Brachycera,  the  Phoridtc  alone  have  occasioned  some  do(d)ts 
about  their  title  to  this  place,  founded,  if  I  judge  correctly,  on 
the  abnormal  structure  of  their  antenna?;  these  are  considered^ as 
one-jointed,  wjth  the  terminal  bristle  consisting  of  several  joints. 
Judging  by  the  anatomical  structure,  I  for  my  part  am  unable  to 
see  in  the  joint,  which  is  pre-eminently  developed  and  forms  the 
main  body  of  the  antenmc,  more  than  the  first  joint  of  the  (lagel- 
lura,  its  peculiarity  arising  from  the  soldering  together  and  stunting 
of  the  two  joints  of  the  scapus,  the  covering  of  which  is  moreover 
less  horny  than  in  the  other  families  of  Brachycera.     This  dilfer- 


3 


CULICIDAE — CUIRONOMIDAE.  5 

encc,  surprising  as  it  is,  docs  not  seem  to  me  to  have  systematic 
iiiil)ortance  enough  to  require  a  separation  of  tlie  Phoridie  from 
the  remaining  liruchijcem,  and  the  less  so  as  similar  deviations, 
though  not  nearly  of  so  suuking  a  nature,  also  occur  in  other  fami- 
lies. I  mention,  as  an  instance,  the  remarkably  stunted  second  joint 
of  the  antennie  iu  the  genus  Ilaltericcrus  llond.  among  the  Duli- 
chopidce. 


be 

and 

y  Ije 

'tlier 

le  of 

sec- 


,  on 

1 

d,as 
ints. 

le  to 

1 

,  the 

'i 

igel- 

"I: 

ting 

over 

ilfer- 

! 

I.   NEMO  CERA. 

Fam.  I.  CULICIDAE. 

Charact. — Ocelli  none.  Tliorax  without  transverse  suture.  Costal  vein 
continued  round  the  margin  of  the  wing,  fringed  with  scales  ;  veins 
in  their  last  suhdivisions  more  than  six  iu  number. 

This  family,  rich  in  spooics,  comprises  only  a  small  number  of 
genera.  As  such,  the  old  well-known  genera  Culex,  Aedes, 
Anopheles,  ai.d  Couetiira  are  to  be  named  first,  being  those 
among  which  Meigen  has  distributed  the  European  species.  To 
them  may  be  added  the  genera  INlEdAiuiiNA,  PsouoriioiiA,  and  Sa- 
15ETI1ES,  separated  from  Culex  by  Kob.  Desvoidy,  the  two  last  being 
scarcely  tenable,  whereas  JJef/drliina  is  acknowledged  as  holding 
good.  The  genus  ^Mociilonyx,  established  by  uie,  is  very  near  tu 
Corethra,  dillering,  however,  by  the  abbreviation  of  the  first  tarsal 
joint. 

Species  of  the  genera  Culex  and  ANoniELES  occur  over  all 
parts  of  X.  A.,  whereas  ]NrE(iAuiiiNA  and  Psouopiigra  are  oidy 
represented  by  single  species  belonging,  as  it  seems,  more  to  the 
South,  as  is  also  Corethra  by  C.  liwidlpcnnis  Say. 

Fam.  II.  CUIRONOMIDAE. 

Charact, — Ocelli  none.  Thorax  without  transverse  suture.  Wings  with- 
out vein  along  the  posterior  margin  ;  costal  vein  ending  near  the 
tip  of  the  wing. 

This  family  is  not  much  richer  in  genera  than  that  of  the  Cnllcidce, 
but  far  more  so  in  s})ecies.  It  contains  the  old  and  well-established 
genera  Ciiironomus,  Tanyvus,  and  Ceratopogon,  to  which  have 
been  added  the  genera  llYDROBiENUs  Fries  (=  Cort/nocerus  Kuthe), 


1^1 


\ 


J-f: 


im 


':'|i! 


i 


■t. 

i  ■ 


h. 


'.i;„ 


6 


DIPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


DiAMESA  Mi'ip:.,  CoRYNONEURA  Winn.,  and  Clunio  ITal.,  which  is 
so  reniarkiil)le  by  the  habitation  of  its  larva.  The  species  of  Cera- 
fopof/oti  exhibit  a  f^ood  deal  of  varied  orcanization.  A  division 
into  a  nunilicr  of  smaller  genera,  which  is  indispensable,  has  been 
attempted,  lint  not  exccnted  in  a  satisfactory  manner,  and  the 
genera  Lahidomvia  Steph.,  Cumocides  Tiatr.,  Pali'o.^iyia  .Meig., 
SriiyKROMiAs  Steph.,  and  Priono^iyia  Stei)h.  can  be  only  consi- 
dered at  present  as  snb-genera  of  Crnitopof/on.  The  genns  TilA- 
L.ASsoMYiA  Schin.  has  been  separated  from  Cliironomnft.  Also  the 
genns  MACUorEZA  ^Nleig.  must  l)e  nnited  with  the  (1n'rono:n!(l<e, 
and  Mucquart  i.s  right  in  liiiviiig  done  so  in  his  "Dipleres  e.vo- 
tiqnes."  The  genns  Okviinei'iiila  Hal.  (=  TiKiumidc«  Kuthe  = 
Chenesla  ^\'a(h{.)  dill'ers  from  all  the  other  Chiroiwi/iiche  by  the 
veins  of  the  wings  rnnning  without  attenuation  to,  and  the  costal 
vein  being  continued  round,  the  posterior  border.  If  we  do  not 
establish  a  se;nirate  family  for  it,  its  proper  place  will  be  here,  but 
as  an  anomalous  genus. 

The  genera  Ciiironomus,  Tanypus,  and  CERATorooox  are  largely 
represented  in  N.  A.;  the  most  interesting  are  the  species  of  Vera- 
tojxif/ati.  Jleteroini/iu  Say  belongs  here.  Of  the  remaining  genera, 
I  have  seen  only  one  N.  A.  species,  which  belongs  to  the  genus 
OuriiNEriiiLA,  and  docs  not  seem  to  differ  from  0.  testuceu  Kuthe. 

Fam.  III.  CECIDOMYIDAE. 

CItaracl. — Ocelli  often  none.  Tliorax  without  transver.se  suture.  Cox» 
not  olongiitoil,  fcniora  not  thickened,  tibi:e  without  spurs.  Wings 
liaving  only  few  longitudinal  veins. 

It  is  rather  difficult  to  define  sharply  this  most  interesting  family, 
and  consequently  to  characterize  it  exactly.  It  contains  a  very 
large  number  of  extremely  delicate  and  elegant  minute  species, 
remarkable  by  long  and  easily  rubbed  off  hairs  on  the  wings  and 
the  other  parts  of  the  body.  The  limits  between  the  families  Ceci- 
domyidie  (Gall-gnats)  and  Mijcetophilldce  (Fungus-gnats)  are  not 
very  easily  fixed,  since  Ziiyoneuru  ]Meig.  shows  a  combination  of 
the  characters  of  both;  the  coxie  being  fur  less  elongated  and  the 
spurs  of  the  tibiie  far  shorter  than  in  any  other  genus  of  Myceto- 
■phllidcB;  moreover,  the  antenna)  are  moniliform  with  verticillate 
hairs,  as  is  frequently  the  case  in  the  Cccidumyidcc  and  never  so 


CECIDOMYIDAE. 


J 


i 


amojiij  3hicetophiU(hp.  I>ut  the  total  liahitns  of  the  Zucjonexircp 
boiiif^'  nioro  like  lliat  of  the  former  than  of  the  latter,  and  the  tibial 
spurs  being  so  very  short,  that  in  some  species  they  can  only  be 
discovered  by  the  closest  scrutiny,  I  think  I  may  be  justified  if  I 
add  them  to  the  Cecuhmi/hhc,  though  In  many  respects  they  agree 
with  the  genus  Sciara,  which  has  its  natural  place  among  the 
J/i/cffoph  ilidce. 

The  whole  family  is  divided  into  two  sections.  The  first  of 
these,  the  Ceciiiomyina,  have  on  the  wings  four  longitudinal  veins, 
the  two  last  of  which  often  coalesce  in  the  beginning  of  their  course, 
or  are  more  or  less  incomplete.  They  have  no  ocelli,  and  the  first 
joint  of  their  tarsi  is  much  shortened.  The  genera  belonging  here 
fire:  IIormomyia  Loero,  DivLosis  Locw,  i'EcwoywJA  Latr.,  As- 
iniosDYiAA  Loeto,  ])iiiiu'iA  J.ocw,  CoLroniA  Wnm.,  Evwosis  Loeic, 
AsYNAi'TA  Locw,  Lasioptkra  Meij.,  and  Ci-ixouiiynciia  Loew. 
In  the  genera  of  the  second  section,  the  Anaretina,  between  the 
second  and  third  of  those  veins  of  the  wings  which  the  first  sec- 
tion possesses,  another  longitudinal  vein  is  inserted,  being  simple 
only  in  Campylomyza,  while  it  is  furcate  in  all  the  other  genera ; 
the  first  tarsal  joint  is  not  shortened,  and  in  all  genera,  with  the 
single  exception  of  Cccidogona,  there  are  distinct  ocelli.  To  this 
section  belong:  Campylomyza  Mcig.,  Cecidogona  Loew,  Ana- 
i;ete  JIal.,  Catociia  IM.  (=  jVacrosfi/Ia  Winn.),  Lestremia 
JIacq.  (=  Diumesa  Meig.),  and  Zyooneura  Meig. 

I  have  omitted  here  the  genera  Heteropeza  Winn,  and  Spani- 
OCERA  Winn.,  not  having  had  an  opportunity  of  examining  speci- 
mens. ITi'teropeza  seems  to  harmonize  in  many  points  with  the 
genera  of  the  first  section,  but  diflfors  very  strikingly  by  the  totally 
dilTerent  structure  of  its  tarsi,  llondaui  has  established  in  this 
fiuiiily  a  good  number  of  genera,  which  are,  however,  quite  un- 
available, since  the  observations  on  which  they  are  founded  are 
too  inexact. 


-i 


Tery  little  information  has  thus  far  been  published  respecting  the 
Cecidointjithe  of  N.  A.  Most  of  the  species  sufficiently  described 
belong  to  the  genus  Cecidomyia  in  its  restricted  sense,  as  is  now 
in  use;  viz:  Cec.  destructor  Say,  .w/.'V/s  Fitch,  and /«V/cj  Kirl)y ; 
Cec.  ffrossuhrice  Fitch  ought,  as  it  seems,  to  be  referred  to  the 
genus  AspiioNDYLiA ;  some  fine  species  of  the  genera  Diplosis 
aud  Lasiuptera  occur  there.     Out  of  the  second  section  I  have 


W'' 


Si' 

it 
.1  1 


•  t, : 


»« 


I 


,!■! 


,ii-; 


.'I 


s  ■ 


^jtl 


I 


r'- 


8 


DiriERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


seen  species  of  the  jrcnera  Campylomyza,  Zygoneura  and  Les- 
TREMiA.  Of  a  new  genus  belonging  to  the  same  section,  I  have 
seen  only  one  incoraphjtc  individual. 

Fam.  IY.  BLEniAROCERIDAE. 

Charact. — Ocelli  three.  Wings  very  ample,  naked  (/.  f.  with  liairs  only- 
perceptible  under  a  very  highly  magnifying  Ions),  witli  cracks 
caused  apparently  by  folding  ;  no  disuoidal  cell.  Posterior  tibioe 
with  stout  spurs,  anterior  tibire  unarmed. 

The  genus  Blephauocera  Mocq.  cannot,  except  by  the  utmost 
constraint,  be  included  in  any  of  the  existing  families.  Its  nearest 
relation  is  the  Ceylanese  genus  Tanyuiiina  Loew.  I  unite  these 
two  genera  in  one  small  family,  the  name  of  which  I  derive  from 
the  older  of  the  two.  The  lihphurocendie  differ  from  the  Cccklo- 
viijidce  by  the  stout  terininal  spur  of  their  posterior  tibiie,  from 
the  MycetophilidcB  by  their  coxte  not  being  elongated,  from  the 
Bibionidce  by  the  want  of  an  empodiura  and  pulvilli,  and  by  the 
very  little  development  of  their  prothorax.  In  the  form  and  tissue 
of  their  wings  they  are  most  nearly  allied  to  the  Sinndid<e,  but  by 
the  existence  of  ocelli,  and  by  the  long  slender  legs,  they  seem  to 
me  to  differ  from  them  too  much  to  be  reunited  with  them.  The 
neuration  of  their  wings  is  rather  similar  to  that  of  the  Cecido- 
vnjldcc ;  hwi  Blepharocera  has  some  more  longitudinal  veins,  and 
thus  its  neuration  resembles  that  of  Macropeza.  Besides  the  longi- 
tudinal veins,  the  wings  show  some  fine  cracks,  perfectly  similar  in 
both,  and  lookiug  as  though  produced  by  the  expansion  of  the 
wings,  which  had  previously  been  folded  ;  this  mark  is  peculiar  to 
them,  pointing  to  some  peculiarities  in  their  transformation  un- 
fortunately still  unknown  ;  some  certainty  about  the  place  due  to 
them  in  the  system  may,  therefore,  be  expected  from  the  knowledge 
of  their  earlier  stages. 

I  know  only  one  N.  A.  species  of  Blepharocera  very  much 
resembling  that  species  which  is  spread  over  a  great  part  of  Eu- 
rope. Blepharocera  americana  Walk,  neither  belongs  to  thia 
genus,  nor  even  to  this  family. 


rSYCHODlDAE — TIPULIDAE. 


Fam.  y.  PSYCIIODIDAE. 


9 


'.<  • 


Charact. — No  ocelli.  Body  witli  long,  coarso  hairs.  Thorax  without  a 
trausverse  suture.  Tiliia;  without  spurs.  Wings  overywhere  with 
long  coarse  hairs,  many  longitudinal  veins,  and  only  a  lew  trans- 
verse veins  ;  no  discoidal  cells. 

The  genera  of  Psychodidce,  on  account  of  their  neuration,  form 
two  sections  ;  in  the  first,  the  Psyciiodina,  there  arc,  between 
tlie  furcate  longitudinal  veins  common  to  all  genera,  two  simple 
longitudinal  veins.  The  genera  of  this  section  are :  Psyciioda 
Latr.,  PIIRICOMA  Hal,  Ulomyia  Hal.  (=  Saccopteryx  Hal.  ol.), 
PosTiicx  Loew,  and  Xygmatodes  Loew  (=  Nemapalpns  ]\racq.). 
In  the  second  section,  the  PiiLEnoTOMiNA,  wo  see  only  one  longi- 
tudinal vein  between  the  two  furcate  veins.  The  genera  l)elonging 
here  are:  Phlebotomus  liond.  (=  H<rmasson  Loew),  Tinciio- 
MYIA  Hal.  (=  Phalcenomyia  Loew),  Sycorax  Hal.,  Dii'lonema 
Loew,  and  Phil^ematus  Loew. 

The  small  number  of  X.  A.  Psychodidce  I  have  seen,  belong 
without  exception  to  the  genera  Psytiioda  and  Pekicoma.  In 
Europe  there  have  been  discovered  besides  the  genera  Ulomyia, 
Phlebotomus,  Trichomyia,  and  Sycorax.  From  the  smallness  and 
fragility  of  Psychodidce,  it  may  easily  be  conceived  why  so  few 
N.  A.  species  have  still  been  detected. 


I 


Fam.  YL  TIPULIDAE. 

Charact. — No  ocelli.*  Thorax  with  a  V-shared  transverse  suture.  Legs 
very  elongated ;  the  basal  cells  of  the  wings  reaching  beyond  the 
middle  ;  discal  ct-U  existing  in  most  of  the  genera. 

The  want  of  ocelli,  the  considerable  length  of  the  legs  as  well 
as  of  the  basal  half  of  the  wings  (the  latter  cause  producing  a 
prolongation  of  the  basal  cells  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing), 
are  the  most  essential  characters  of  this  family.  Moreover,  the 
Y-shaped  transverse  suture  of  the  thorax  is  of  the  greatest  value, 
since  only  ttie  anomalous  genera  Pixa  3Ieif/.  and  Ciiionea  Dalman 
are  destitute  of  it.  It  does  liOt  seem  natural  to  attribute  to  the 
former  genus,  on  account  of  this  circumstance,  any  other  place 

•  Except  in  Trichoccra,  where  they  exist.    O.  S. 


10 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


1  I,.  niT. 


but  nmoiif?  llic  TlpvUilo'.  The  abnormal  structure  of  the  thorax 
in  the  winjiloss  {?cnus  C/tioiicn  is  less  suri)risiiig,  its  form  (lopontlinjf 
chiefly  on  the  situation  and  size  of  the  alary  muscles,  and,  however 
it  may  diHor  in  some  respects  from  all  the  other  genera  of  y'ij)H- 
Uihf,  it  would  be  still  more  inconveniently  located  in  any  other 
family.  "Whether  the  genus  Polymeua  Wlcd.,  which  is  distiu- 
guishcd  by  its  moniliform  antennsc  and  the  basal  cells  not  reaching 
to  the  middle  of  the  wings,  may  be  placed  among  the  Tipnlidie, 
appears  doubtful.  I  should  have  thought  it  belonged  to  the  tribe 
Psi/vhiuliilcr,  had  not  Mac(piart  figuretl  the  thoi.u\  of  Pvlyineru 
fiisca  with  a  distinct  V-shaped  transverse  suture. 

Tlie  variety  of  forms  prevailing  in  the  family  of  Ti/ndidce  has 
caused  the  foundation  of  a  rather  large  number  of  genera.  In 
order  to  facilitate  the  description  of  the  new  species  and  the  iden- 
tification of  the  dcscril)ed  ones,  a  considerable  increase  of  the 
number  of  genera  is  indispensable. 

On  the  whole,  the  TlpvlUhc  may  be  divided  into  two  sections, 
the  TiruLiNA  having  long,  and  the  Limnoiuna  having  short  palpi. 
This  division,  indeed,  is  no  natural  one,  since  some  genera  with 
long  palpi  agree  in  all  the  rest  of  their  organization  more  with  the 
genera  of  the  second  than  of  the  first  section. 

The  genera  of  Tipnlukc  hitherto  established,  as  I  know  them  by 
sight,  or,  in  part,  by  the  definitions  of  their  authors,  may  be  dis- 
tributed as  follows.  To  the  Tijmlina  belong:  TiruLA  Linn., 
riuoxocEHA  Loerv,  Pacuyriiina  Marq.,  NEnmoroMA  il/iv'^.,  Cte- 
NOPiiouA  il/<?/^. ,  DoLiciiüi'EZA  J/e/y. ,  OzomcTAiAMacq. ,  Ctenooyna 
Marq.,  Gynoplistia    Wcstiv.,  rTiLooYXA    Wcslw.,   Meoistoceua 

Wied.,  ApEILESIS  Macq.,  PtYCIIOPTERA  J\h'i(j.,  AlACROCIlir.E  Locio, 
PUOTOPLASA   0.   S.,  I'TEROCOSMUS    Widk.,  IIeSPEUINUS    Wldk.,  1>1T- 

TACOMORPiiA  Westw.,  aiid  Riiampiiidia  Mci'f/.  To  the  section  of 
Limnohina  ipust  be  referred:  Limnobia  J/c/  .,  Gr.ociiiNA  Mcig., 
RiiiPlDiA  3feif/.,  Geranomyia  I/id.  (=  Aporosa  ]\lacq.),  Diora- 

NOMYIA  Slej)h.,  AnTOCIIA  0.  S.,  ElEPIIANTOMYIA  0.  S.,  LlMNOBIO- 

RiiYNCiius  fVestio.  (=  Tuxorhina  Loew),  DiCRANOPTY'CiiA  0.  S., 
Teuciiolabis  0.  S.,  Erioptera  Meif/.,  Symplecta  il/e/^. ,  Crypto- 
LABis  0.  S.,  GoNOMYiA il/e^.,  Gnopiiomyia  0.  S.,  Cladvra  O.  S., 
Trichocera  3Ieif/.,  Cylindrotoma  Meit/.,  Anisomera  iVeif/.,  Ar- 
riienica  0.  S.,  Eriocera  3Iacq.,  Dicranota  ZefL,  Ula  Ifal, 
Amalopis  im.,  Tricypiiona  Ze/t.,  Evanioptera  finer.,  Pedicia 

Latr.,  LiMNOPHILA  Macq.,  EpIPURAGMA   0.  S.,  T>ICRANOPIIRAC.MA 


Tri'ULIDAE. 


11 


I).  S.,  hnovTRHA  Marq.,  TiAsioMASTix  0.  S.,  DAnvr.oi.Aiiis  O.  S., 
I'ltioNOLAius  O.  S. ;  as  JJiiiuoInna  may  also  be  iiuntioiuMl  the  t'üssil 
^^ciiera  which  have  been  fuiiiid  in  rnissian  an)l)or  :  'ruiciioNEuuA, 
Calohamon,  IIai/loneuha,  CiiiTONKURA,  Tany.mkua, TaNYSI'IIVUA, 
.STVUiNiioMYiA,  Atauacta,  aiul  Ai.Yaiutiimia.  As  ^^onem  of 
(h)iil)ti'ul  location  we  may  add  tlie  genus  I'olymkua  Wicd.,  and  tho 
anomalous  genera  Dixa  Meig.  and  Ciiionea  Duhn. 

"Wo  know  as  jrcnera  of  TlpnJhia  occurrinfj;  in  X.  A.  tlic  follow- 
injr:  Tii'iJLA,  Paciiykiiina,  Ctkxoj'iioha,  I'tiiaxiy-VA,  rTYciioi-- 

TKltA,  riU)TOI'l-ASA,  IIesI'KKINIS,  lIlTTACOMolU'IIA,  and    I'WAMl'UI- 

DIA.  About  the  genera  and  species  of  Z/w^i">i///a  indigenous  in 
N.  A.,  liaron  Osten  Sacken,  in  tho  Proceedings  of  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  ls59,  has  published  a  detailed 
and  Valtmblo  paper,  which  enters  into  a  nioro  complete  and  tho- 
rough exposition  of  the  system  of  this  >ection  than  is  i)ossible  for 
nic  to  give  here.  I  must,  therefore,  refer  to  this  pajjcr.  The 
species  cnumeratLd  in  it,  most  of  which  are  new,  belong  to  the 
following  genera:  Liinnuhla,  likipitUa,  Gerunomyia,  Dlcrano- 
»i/jic,  Antoclta,  Ehjihuiitomyia,  Li ninohiorh ymhys ,  DlcfinioptijclKi, 
Teticliolabis,  JCriopkra,  t^i/nijtlecta,  Cri/ptulabi's,  Gononii/i(i,  Giio- 
phomyla,  Chidura,  Trlrltucvra,  Atilsumcrn,  Arr/iciu'cd,  J'Jrivct'rn, 
DicrunoUi ,  Via,  Amalupis,  Pcdicui,  Liinnophlhi,  Epiplirdfjiini, 
JJicn(noj)/irfn/ma,  Idioptcra,  Lasiumastix,  Dactylohihis,  and  Prio- 
noluhis;  also  Dixa  and  Chioneu  are  recorded  as  N.  A.  genera. 

Note. — The  spncial  atteution  wliicli  I  have,  for  several  years,  paid  to 
the  family  of  Tijuilidai  may  serve  as  an  excuse  for  my  expressing  here 
my  views  on  its  distribution.  Although  these  views  are  founded  merely 
on  the  study  of  tho  species  of  tliis  continent,  the  new  character  which  I 
introduce  for  the  delinitiou  of  tho  two  principal  sub-families  may  also 
prove  useful  for  the  classilication  of  the  Tijmlid'r  of  otlier  countries. 

I  divide  the  American  species  of  Tipidida',  at  present  known,  into  three 
sub-families,  as  follows  : — 

I.  Thi-  auxUiarij  vdn  ends  In  the  Jlrst  liiiigifinliiud  n  !ii ;  besides  tho  hu- 

meral cross  vein,  there  is  no  other  cross  vein  between  the  auxiliary 
vein  and  the  first  longitudinal  vein  or  the  costa  ;  last  joint  of  jialpi 
very  long,  filiform,  generally  longer  than  the  three  preceding  taken 
together.  Tii-ui.i.na. 

II.  T/ie  nu.vdiarij  vein  ends  in  the  costa;  there  is  a  cross  vein  between  it 

and  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  generally  more  or  less  approxi- 
mated to  the  tip  of  the  Jirst  longitudinal  vein,  sometimes  more 


)■  ■«■ 


'til 

m 


'  tiil 


r-  A 


B 


% 


i. 


I 


^1 


^^ 


■!l 


!  ['.It 


m 


r 


'.si: 


J 


12 


ririERA  OP  NORTH  ameiuca. 


removed  from  it  townrds  the  baso  of  tho  wings  ;  imljii  In  most 
cases  slidit  ;  last  joint  either  very  short,  or,  it'  olongatoil,  hardly 
Ioniser  than  the  three  preeediny  taken  tog'-lher  Li.M.Ndiii.NA. 

III.  Sixth  longitudinal  vein  (aintl  vuiu  of  the  former  authors)  obsolete. 

I'tycuoi'teui.na. 

The  two  first  largo  groups  are  further  distinguished  hy  the  structure  of 
the  genital  organs  of  tho  male,  whieh,  in  most  of  tho  /.imnoliina,  aru 
rejireseuteil  hy  a  foreejis,  consisting  of  two  movable,  lleshy  lobes,  with 
some  delieato  horny  aiipendages  ;  whereas  in  tln'  'J'lj'ulliin  the  forceps  is 
a  very  eoniiiound  oigan,  eonsisting  of  manifold  horny  pieces,  whieh,  being 
inclosed  between  tho  dorsal  and  ventral  jdates  of  the  two  last  abdominal 
segments,  produce  the  elub-shapod  appearance  peculiar  to  tho  tip  of  tho 
■J,  abdomen  of  this  sub-family. 

Thus  founded,  not  on  a  single  character,  but  on  a  combination  of  cha- 
ractiTs  taken  from  various  organs,  tho  deünition  of  the  two  great  sub- 
families hardly  leaves  any  doubtful  case  among  tho  Tiimlidv  which  I 
know  of.  If  oiu?  character  fails  to  give  a  satisfactory  result,  tho  others 
will  generally  remove  at  once  any  doubt  as  to  tho  relationship  of  tho  spe- 
cies. Thus,  tho  last  joint  of  tho  jtalpi  of  I'ldicia  is  unusually  long;  but 
the  auxiliary  vein,  ending  in  the  subcosta,  and  tho  i)resence  of  a  eros^ 
Vein  between  it  and  the  second  vein,  innuediately  refer  it  to  the  Limmihlnit, 
where  this  peinis  naturally  belongs  on  account  of  its  habitus.  (I  have 
ni'L'lected  to  examine  tliis  last  joint  in  fresh  specimens  of  Pullriii,  but  it 
ajipears  very  i)robable  that  its  disproportion  with  the  other  joints  is  far 
from  being  so  striking  as  is  the  case  in  the  Tijiullnu.) 

In  Jllitiiiqih'nlia,  the  last  joint  of  tho  palpi  is  represented  by  former 
writers  to  bo  elongated.  I  had  no  occasion  to  ascertain,  on  living  speci- 
mens, how  far  this  is  correct.  But  the  presence  of  the  cross  vt'in  places 
this  genus  among  tho  JAinnohina,  where  it  naturally  belongs  by  its  habitus. 
And  even  if  this  character  should  not  be  considered  as  sufficient,  on  account 
of  the  extreme  sliortuess  of  the  cross  vein,  placed  at  the  very  tip  of  tho 
auxiliary  vein,  the  structure  of  the  male  genitals  removes  all  doubt. 

In  some  Pitrhijrlitiiiv  there  is,  near  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  a  blackish 
dot,  which  might  perhaps  be  mistaken  for  a  cross  vein.  But  should  it 
even  be  considered  as  a  rudiment  of  one,  tho  length  of  the  last  joint  of 
the  palpi,  the  structure  of  tho  male  genitals,  etc.,  assign  its  place  among 
the  Tipulind,  where  its  habitus  most  evidently  refers  it. 

In  the  singular  genus  Anlocha  0.  S.  the  costa  and  the  auxiliary  and  the 
first  longitudinal  veins  coalesce  insensibly  together,  so  that  there  is  no 
room  left  fo^"  a  cross  vein.  In  this  case,  the  shortness  of  the  palpi  an<l 
the  structure  of  the  male  genitals  decide  of  its  location  among  the  Lim- 
nobina. 

I  refer  to  my  sub-family  of  Plychoptcriiia  the  genera  rtychoptcra,  Blllacn- 
morpha,  and  Proloplasa  (with  its  congener  Macrochilv  Loew).  As  to  the 
distribution  of  the  other  genera  among  the  two  remaining  sub-families,  I 
agree  with  Mr.  Loew,  with  the  following  excej)tious : — 


r 


I 


'km 


MYrF,TOPinLn)AE. 


13 


A'/(((;/(/»/i/'//V(,  na  shown  nliovo,  is  more  rcl.itt'd  to  tlio  [.imiiohimt  than  to 
thi'  'riiiiilliia;  hy  nil  nic.ins  it  onght  not  to  he  st'pnrntcil  from  Kh/ilitintn- 
iiii/lii,  as  Mr.  hot'W  docs  H.  In  my  iinjuM'  on  tlii>  I.iniiiiiliiiui  of  this  conntry, 
I  have  oxphiini'il  the  close  rdation.-hip  of  htitli.  HhplKinhimi/iit  is  notliini^ 
hut  a  /ili(iiii/iliiill(i  witlian  enormously  jirohmu't'd  riistrum,  the  di'Vcl(i|)nient 
of  whiili  lias  also  modilied  the  character  of  the  iialjii  inserted  at  its  tip. 
(dn-dii'iiiii/ld,  with  its  lonff  rostrinn  and  stunted  palpi,  stands  precisely  in 
the  same  relation  to  J)lrr(iiii»iii/in.) 

ti'i/iiiijilisliti  Westw.  (an  Australian  conns)  and  l^nlijiiKra  Wied.,  hotli  of 
wliiili  I  know  only  from  plates  and  descriptions,  helong,  I  presume,  to  the 
l.inniiiltiiKl, 

J/is/iiriiiiis,  Walk,  helongs  to  the  liihioulilii  (see  ray  note  in  that  family). 

Ahout  /V(>ocü.s//ii/.s  AValk.  I  have  no  ojiinion  what(!ver,  not  having  seen 
it,  and  ]iot  heing  ahle  to  estahlish  any  opinion  on  the  descrijition. 

To  the  list  of  genera  already  found  in  Nurth  America,  I  have  to  adil 
/hilirlinjiiza,  Xi'phrotiiwtt,  and  prohahly  ('ijliii<lfoloina,  as  I  possess  a  species 
aiMiarcntly  closely  allied  to  th(!  latter.  Finally,  it  is  the  ]ili)ce  lirrt*  to 
notice  that  Mr.  Westwood  (Loud,  and  Kdinh.  Thilos.  Mairaz.,  l-llf))  has 
descrihed  a  (ii/nojilislia  annnlnia  from  North  America.  As  it  is  hardly 
IMdhalile  that  an  Australian  genus  should  also  he  rei>resented  on  tliis  con- 
tinent, it  is  to  he  presumed  either  tliat  the  genus  is  dillerent,  or  that  tlio 
statement  is  based  upon  an  error  of  locality.  O'ljiiojilisliu  has  pectinated 
antenu.-c  iu  Loth  male  and  female. 

OSTE.V  i^ACKRN. 


'  the 


the 

is  no 

an<l 

Lim- 

'laro- 

the 

ies,  I 


Fam.  YII.  MYCETOPIIILIDAE. 

Charact. — Octdli  three  or  two,  in  the  latter  case  often  hardly  perceptihle. 
Thorax  without  a  transverse  suture ;  wings  without  discal  cell. 
Cox.'e  much  elongated  ;  all  the  tibia!  with  spurs. 

Ou  the  whole,  the  Mi/cctojJii'liche arc  so  easily  known  that  it  noiild 
ho  suporlliious  to  give  any  more  details  ahout  them.  Tlie  goinis 
dilloring  the  most  from  the  rest  is  iSciara,  which  shows  some 
adinity  with  the  Cccidouiyidfc. 

Tlie  genera  hitherto  introduced  in  this  family  are  the  following: 
CouDYLA  Ming.  (=  ]ir<ic]njp(i1piix  Mactj.),  MycetoI'IIILa  ^Vcir/., 
AZANA  W((Ik.,  Le.JA  Mciff.,  15uLETlNA  Sfopff.  (=  Leptnmnrphus 
"Walk.),  SciopiiiLA  Mcifj.,  Scidbia  Locw,  TETRAfio.NEunA  Winn., 
(Jnouiste  Meiff.,   Asinpulum  Latr.    (=  ßfacrorliipicha  Winn.), 

CeROPLATUS  i^(//*r.,    LePTOMORPIR'S    Curt.,    DlAPOCIDIA  Iil(f/l.   (  = 

Mdcroneura  Wum.),  AchADA  Locio,  ]MYCETomA  J/f(y.,  Plesias- 
TINA  Winn.,  DlTOMYIA  Winn.  {Symmerns  Walk.),  Platyiira 
Mci<j.,  Platyroptilon  Westw.,  Macro^era  Meig.,  IJolitopiiila 


ii 


BT^ 


i 


»: 


i> 


^ 


^€ 


y 


!i:i 


111 


ii'ii 


111-' 


■I 


14 


MrTEn.v  OF  Nomir  AMEinrA. 


Mtlij.  (=3  Mtssiifd  Curt.),  IlKiF.iiftTiiicrrA  Lofir,  Dianei'sia  /.unr, 
»SciAHA  F(if>r.,  niid  the  jroiiiis  iMoMONtis  ]Viiä:,  wliicli  is  unknown 
1()  iMo.  I  liiivü  not  moiitioiu'(l  tlio  ^■(MnIs  Svnai'IIA  Mii'j.,  •»pcmise 
it  scoiiis  to  Iiiivi'  Ijcon  I'mukIciI  on'iui  iii(livi(ln;i!  of  ii  s|i('<'ic-i  of  I.ijn, 
wliicli  iio.s.so.>st'il  an  irrcj^nliirly  foriiicd  noiiration  ;  iit  loast  ns  liir 
ns  I  know,  no  second  siiccimcn  of  Si/ikiji/iu  lias  been  oaptiired 
since  .M(!i}ren's  i"inc,  wliile  a  similar  anonuily  of  nenration  of  tlio 
wings  lias  been  observed  several  times  in  other  Piptera. 

Our  kr.owledj^e  of  N.  A.  Mijrctojthilhhf  is  e\eeodinf,'ly  incomph'tc. 
I  have  .>.(on  species  of  the  genera  MvtE'nu'iiii.A,  Üm.KTiNA,  Scio- 

I'lllLA,    rKTIlAdONEUHA,  I'l-ESIASTINA,    DlTOMYIA,    ri.ATYUUA,  ]Ma- 

cuocKnA,  IJoriTui'iiiLA,  and  Soiaua.  JJesides  these,  the  existence 
of  Ceu(iim-atl8  seems  to  be  certain,  and  the  genus  DioMONUS, 
which  I  have  never  seen,  is  founded  on  a  X.  A.  species. 


Fam.  VIII.  SIMULIDAE. 

Clidfurf. — Ot'clli  710110.  Thorax  without  traiisvci'so  suturo.  Wings  witli 
Very  sliort  hair  only  visihh)  under  a,  vory  hiyli  niaiinifyiiig  jiowcr; 
l<'i;s  short,  tihia'  without  spurs  ;  iiontoriur  tiliix  ami  lirrit  joint  of 
tliu  hind  tarsi  dilated. 

Tlie  jiresent  family  comprises  only  the  genus  Simulium  Lntr., 
rich  in  species  ami  which  cannot  be  placed  in  any  other  family.  It 
does  not  seem  to  be  less  rich  in  species  iu  X.  A.  than  in  Europe. 


Fam.  IX.  BIIJIOXIDAK. 

Charact. — Ocelli  thren.  Thorax  without  transverse  suture ;  prothorax 
niucli  developed.  Wings  without  discal  cell ;  coxa'  not  prolonged  ; 
enipodium  proportionally  long,  wliereas  the  pulvilli  are  wanting  iu 
sonio  of  the  genera. 

The  family  of  Bihionidic  is  divided  into  two  sections  sharply 
sei)aratcd  from  each  other,  and  which  it  would  be  jiroper  to  con- 
sider as  distinct  families.  In  the  Scatopsina,  which  form  the  first 
section,  the  palpi  are  very  short,  tlic  puKilli  wanting,  the  tibiae 
without  spurs;  the  genera  belonging  to  them  are:  Soatopse 
Gcojf'r.,  AypisTES  3Ieif/.,  Artiiuia  Kirhij.  To  the  second  section, 
the  IJiBiuNiNA,  belong:  üilopuus  Mcig.,  Biuio  Geojfr.,  rENTiiE- 


■■ 


\ 


m 


,irfi.'? 


nUYPIIIDAE — XYI.orirAdlDAE. 


15 


TUIA  Mi!<h,  CuAI'inil.A  (iliiiin  ,  ri.KClA    ll'm/.,  IlLl'ElTENLfi  Mitnj., 
rACllVNKlUA  /fit.,  mid  Sl'ODlt'S  /.(icio. 

Species  of  tlie  peiieni  Spatopse,   Autiiiua,  Dii.opims,   I'lliTO, 
ri.K('iA,  and  Kii'KiTK.NLM  are  known  to  occur  in  N.  A. 

XdIi. — At  tlio  tiiMi)  wlif'ii  this  was  written  by  Mr.  I.ocw,  iifillicr  lif  nor  I 
]in>ts('.«s('il  sjii'cinirii-^  (pf  till'  (.'['■nils  /A  >;>'  n'mix,  wliicli  its  iMillior,  Mr.  \Vail<i'r, 
r«ft*rrt'(l  to  tlio  '/'iiiiiliil;r.  llaviiij:  nlitaincil  sjH'ciniiMis  sinci',  »ollciti'cl  \>y 
Mr.  K.  Kciiniciitt  nrar  tin»  (Jrcat  Slav«  Lake,  I  found  tliat  //•  s/n  rimis  he- 
|()iii,'s  to  thu  /aiiiniiiil r,  an.l  is  aiipait'iitly  Hynonymous  witli  ,'^/-«(//(/<  Locw. 
Ai't'ordingly,  I/isjiirlinis  Walk,  is  to  l)n  uiIiUmI  to  tlio  genera  of  this  family 
la'urring  in  N.  A.,  ami  stricki'U  out  from  among  thu  I'ljutlitlu-.       0.  S. 


ut; 


Fam.  X.  mivrii'DAR 

f'liiirnrt, — Ocelli  tliree,  Tliorax  without  tran^  verso  sntnro;  winu's  with  a 
perfect  distal  cell;  euiiiudiuni  similar  ton  pulvillus;  pulvilli  want- 
ing. 

Of  this  family  also  a  single  genus,  RriYPims  il/c/^.,  is  known, 
which  has  representatives  in  Europa,  Asia,  and  .\.  A. 

Observation There  is  a  genus  Kpidapvs  IFal.,  reniarkahle  for 

having  no  wings  and  no  poisers,  which  1  have  omitted  in  the  pre- 
ceding enunieration  of  families,  because  I  do  not  know  it.  It  is 
quite  impossible  to  place  it  among  the  NycetophiUdcc,  as  Walker 
does,  if  we  characterize  the  fandlies  as  we  have  done.  It  rather 
seems  to  Dud  its  place  among  the  Cecidomi/ida';  but  there  is  nothing 
decisive  to  be  said  without  the  examiiuitiou  of  fresh  specimens. 


II.    BRACHYCEIIA. 

Fam.  XI.  XYLOrilAGIDAE. 

Charact. — Tlie three  basal  colls  very  prolonged,  the  third  lonj-'ifudinal  rein 
furcate;  both  int(.'rcalary  veins  always  present:  the  marginal  vein 
encompassing  the  whole  wing  ;  the  third  joint  of  the  antenna'  annu- 
lated  or  divided  into  sej-arate  joints,  alway:;  withe  it  stylo  or  termi- 
nal bristle.  Tibia)  with  spurs  ;  tlie  empodium  very  developed  ami 
pulvillilbrm. 

The  genera  belonging  here  are:   Xylophaous  Mcii/.,  Paciiy- 
STOMUS   Lair.,    JSluula   Meig.,   Electba  Locw,    Cuhysotiiemis 


Ml 


16 


PIPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


jiH 


IN' 


k 


.,.1- 


m 


Hil- 


/,oe?t',  Raciiicerus  //(«/.,  CoEXOMYiA  Latr.,  and  Arthropeas 
Zocjr.  The  new  genera  Cyclotelus,  Piiycus,  and  Dimassus,  es- 
tablislied  by  Walker  as  belonging  to  the  Xyloplioyidce,  belong  in 
fitct  to  the  Thcreviike;  likewise  Nonacris  must  Ije  removed  here, 
but  Walker's  observations  on  its  characters  are  far  too  superficial 
to  admit  of  any  certainty  in  fixing  its  place;  also  Dialysis  on  ac- 
count of  the  hairy,  bristle-like  antennal  tip  ascribed  to  it  by  Walker 
might  seem  to  be  erroneously  located  among  the  Xylophayidee,  the 
characters  of  which  he  appears  not  to  have  understood, 

Oemmjjia  Latr.  has  often  been  separated  from  the  Xyhphagühe 
and  considered  as  forming  a  distinct  family:  Oniomyidce,  or  for- 
merly Sicarii.  This  seems  to  have  been  caused  by  the  body  of 
Cwnoiui/id  being  stoul,  whereas  that  of  Xylophigvs  and  Suhuhi  is 
of  a  slender  form.  ^lorecver,  the  different  form  of  the  palpi,  which 
in  Cirnoniylii  are  rather  cylindrical  and  ending  in  Xyhphayns  and 
Sithtla  in  a  button-shaped  thickening,  have  been  made  use  of  to 
justify  the  separation.  But  within  a  recent  time  forms  of  Cmio- 
Diynhe  have  been  discovered  in  which  the  structure  of  the  body 
and  palpi  is  such  as  to  form  a  link  between  them  and  the  Xyhpha- 
fjHl(c;  from  this,  as  well  as  from  the  agreement  of  their  other 
essential  characters,  results  the  necessity  of  reuniting  them.  In 
case  the  separation  should  be  maintaiued,  Arthropeas  ought  to  be 
placed  among  the  CmiomyidcB. 

The  fanr'  of  XylopluKjidie  may  be  divided  into  three  sections ; 
CffiNOMYiNA,  Haciiicerina,  aud  Xylopmaoina.  The  Cwnoniyi na 
are  characterized  by  their  robust  structure,  the  third  joint  of  the 
antenntc  being  annulated  and  pointed  towards  its  end,  the  palpi 
being  cylindrical.  The  genera  comprised  here  are  C(Enomyia  and 
Arthropeas.  In  the  Huclncerina  the  third  joint  of  the  antennie 
is  divided  into  separate  and  frequently  very  numerous  articula- 
tions, and  the  palpi  are  rather  club-like ;  the  body  is  less  heavy 
than  in  the  Qvnomyina,  but  less  slender  than  in  the  XylophcKjiiia. 
The  genera  Electra,  CiirysutiieSiis,  and  Kachicerus  belong 
here.  The  Xyluphayina  have  the  sle'ndercst  bodies;  the  third  joint 
of  the  antennto  is  annulated  and  never  strikingly  pointed  ;  the 
palpi  have  at  their  end  a  button-shaped  thickening.  The  genera 
SuuuLA,  Xylophagus,  and  Pachystomus  may  be  referred  here. 


I 


5 


m 


I  am  acquainted  with  N.  A.  species  belonging  to  the  genera 
CoiNOMYiA,  Arthropeas,  Raciiicerus,  Suijula,  and  Xylopiiaüuö. 


8TRATI0MY1DAE. 


u 


Two  of  tlie  species  of  Rachicerus  cannot  lie  well  placed  in  this 
genus  willioiit  a  modification  of  its  characters. 

Observation. — I  have  to  mention  here  the  genus  Bulbomvia, 
wliich  I  established  on  two  fossil  species  found  in  Prussian  amber. 
Wiicn  I  jiublished  in  1850  my  observations  on  the  Dipterological 
Fauna  of  amber,  I  thought  it  would  be  best  placed  among  the  A'^- 
loph(i(j!d(e.  But  I  perceive  from  a  X.  A.  specimen  belonging  to 
Pmlbninyia  that  its  claim  to  that  place  is  more  than  doubtful,  and , 
at  the  same  time  that  it  is  quite  as  difficult  to  assign  it  a  fit  place 
elsewhere. 


belong 
joint 
;  the 

rcnera 

kcre. 


rcnera 

llAÜUö. 


i 


Fam.  XII.  STRATIOMVIDAE. 

t'haract. — Throe  basal  cells  much  proloiigeil ;  veins  of  the  two  main  trunks 
very  crowded  anteriorly;  both  intercalary  veins  usually  existiuii ; 
costal  vein  reaching  only  to  the  middle  of  the  wing.  Third  joint 
of  the  antennre  annulated,  sometimes  divided  into  several  portions. 
Tibi«  without  spurs;  empodium  much  developed,  pulvilliform. 

This  family,  rich  in  various  forms,  may  be  divided  into  live 
sharply  circumscribed  sections.  The  first  is  that  of  the  Ijeridina, 
easily  distinguished  by  the  abdomen  not  showing  five  segments, 
as  in  the  other  sections,  but  seven,  a  difference  caused  only  by  the 
sniallness  of  the  two  last  segments  and  their  cuiicealed  situation  in 
llie  other  sections.  The  lieridina  have  often  been  i)laced  in  the 
family  o{  Xylopharjidcp,  but  figure  more  naturally  among  the  Stra- 
iiomyidce.  The  genera  belonging  to  them  are:  METoroNiA  Macq 
{—  Liopiis   Walk.),    Beuis   Latr.,   Actina   Meiy.,   Exodontua 

JiUtld.,  AcANTIIOMYIA  Sek,  UlVnYHA  Mucq.,  CaMI'EPUOSOPA  il/«f(/., 

perhaps  also  Exociiostoma  Macq.;  also  the  genus  Oiiiromyza 
Wied.,  which  does  not  difler  from  Xenomorpha  Alacq.,  may  be  re- 
ferred to  them.  The  second  section  is  that  of  Saroina,  rather 
agreeing  in  the  form  of  the  body  with  the  lieridina,  and  even 
with  the  Hermetina,  but  dilfering  from  the  former  by  the  abdomen 
consisting  apparently  of  five  segments,  and  from  the  latter  by  the 
eyes  of  the  rarles  being  much  more  approximated  than  those  of 
tlie  females.  As  genera  of  this  section  may  be  mentioned  Cacosis 
\VaJk.,  AcROCii.(ETA  Wied.,  Eudmeta  Wied.,  Anai.cocerus  Loew, 
Salduba  Walk.,  Toxocera  Macq.,  IIorusTEs  Jfacq.,  IvAniTocEUA 

.^/r/C7.,BA8ENTIDEMA  Macq.,  DlCRANOPItORA  Macq.,  ClIRYSOCIILORA 

Macq.,   I'tecticus  Loew,    Merosaruus   Locw,   Pedicei.la  BifJ., 

9. 


pi 


mn 


if 


i 

■I 

i 
•J 


r,  ■ 


^;|  f! 


k: 


h 

f 


;i 


18 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ChRVSONOTUS  Loeir,    SaROUS   Fuhr,,    ClORISOMA   Eoiul,    ClIRYSO- 

MYiA  Macq.,  ami  ]\Iicrociirysa  Locw.  Tlie  tliird  section,  ITehme- 
tina,  is  well  characterized  by  tlie  elongated  abdomen,  the  eyes, 
which  are  equidistant  and  very  remote  in  both  sexes,  and  the 
peculiar  structure  of  the  antennae,  the  third  joint  of  which  is 
transformed  into  a  ciliated  lamel.  The  genera  IIeumetia  Luir., 
TiioRASENA  Macq.  belong  to  Ihom.  The  fourth  is  formed  by  the 
Odontomyina,  which  are  distinguished  from  the  foregoing  by  their 
broad  body  and  from  the  following  section  by  the  less  convex  al)- 
domcn  and  especially  by  the  nenration,  the  longitudinnl  veins  of 
the  (hlontoinylna  being  more  crowded  anteriorly,  the  discal  cell 
being  smaller,  hexagonal  or  pentagonal,  never  large  or  subquad- 
ratc;  moreover,  both  intercalary  veins  are  usually  present,  while 
the  posterior  one  is  almost  always  wanti"g  in  the  Paehtjynstrino. 
The  following  genera  may  be  referred   :     ;'.e  Odontonnjina:  Cy- 

I'lIOMYIA   Wtcd.,  CirOHDONOTA   Gcrst.,  EUPARYPIIUS   Gcrst.,  PyCNO- 

malf.a  Gerst.,  AMiiocERA  Saund.,  Stratiomys  Geoff.,  Odontomyia 
Meirj.,  Inermyia  Piiy.,  Nemotelus  Geoff)'.,  O xycfai a  Mei(/.,  IIete- 
ROXYCERA  Big.,  Ei'iiii'PiuM  Ldtr.,  Clitellahia  Meitj.,  Cyclogas- 
TER  Macq.  (=  Lnsiopii.  IJrull.),  Artemida  W\dk.,  AissA  Walk., 
]\[etai5ASIs  Walk.,  Promeranisa  Walk.  The  lifth  section  is  that 
of  the  Pachygnstrhw;  it  is  distinguished  by  the  longitudinal  veins 
being  less  crowded  towards  the  costal  border,  by  the  magnitude 
and  quadrangular  form  of  the  discal  cell,  the  almost  general  want 
of  the  posterior  intercalary  vein,  the  short,  generally  much  inflated, 
abdomen,  and  its  segments  soldered  together  in  some  genera.  The 
genera  belonging  here  are :  TAciiYciASTER  J/(?/^.,  I  ■•  raoTELEs/v'^ew, 
Sternouritiies  Zot^w,  Platyna  JFVed,  Biastes  I''.",,  Ptiloceha 
Wied.,  CriAUNA  Loerc,  Ulasucera  Gerst.,  Si/koo'A  Gerst., 
Panacris  Gerst.,  Xerua  Walk.,  Culcua  Walk.,  F:  aza  Walk., 
Anacantiiella  Macq.;  perhaps  also  Piiyllophora  Macq.,  and 
Anisophysa  Macq. 

To  which  section  of  the  Strntiomijid<v  the  genera  Solva,  Amp- 
soh's,  Tracana,  liosapha,  Thida,  Sarugn,  Gahaza,  Adraga,  and 
Ohrapa,  lately  formed  by  AValker,  are  to  be  referred,  the  extreme 
vagueness  of  the  characters  ascribed  to  them  does  not  allow  me  to 
determine. 

The  X.  A,  species  which  are  now  known  to  me  belong  to  tlie 
following  genera:  I.  Beridina:  Metoponia,  Actina  ;  II.  Sargi- 


li 
0 

P< 
an 

w 

al' 


I  j-n 


f  ■  'i  i'l: 


m. 


ACANTnOMERlDAE  — TABANIDAE. 


19 


no:  Sarcus,  ]MiCROCiiRYrfA :  III.  Ifermetina:  Hermetia  :  IV. 
Odontomtjina:  Cyimiomyia,  Euparypiius,  Stratiomys,  Odonto- 
MYIA,  Nemotelus,  Oxycera,  Clitellaria  }  V.  Pachygastrina: 
Paciiyoaster,  Ciiauna. 

Fam.  XIII.  ACANTIIOMERIDAE. 

Charact. — Basal  cells  much  prolonged ;  longitudinal  veins  not  crowded 
together  anteriorly;  two 'ntercalary  veins  always  present ;  marginal 
vein  running  round  the  whole  border  of  the  %ving.  Oral  parts  with 
four  bristles,  even  in  the  male.  Third  joint  of  the  antenna3  annu- 
late. Tibise  without  spurs ;  empodium  developed  tr  a  pulvillar 
form. 

This  small  family  contains  only  the  two  genera  Acantiiomera 
Wicd.  and  RArniORiiYNciius  Wied.  It  differs  from  the  Stratio- 
myidce  by  the  longitudinal  veins  not  being  crowded  together  ante- 
riorly, by  the  marginal  vein  encompassing  the  whole  border  of  th.e 
wing  and  by  the  fourth  cell  of  the  posterior  margin  being  closed. 
It  differs  from  the  Tahanidce  in  the  form  of  the  oral  parts  and  by 
the  tegula;  being  very  little  developed;  as  to  the  oral  parts,  I  have 
no  absolute  opinion  of  my  own,  but  must  rely  on  the  communica- 
tions of  others. 

No  species  of  this  family  has  been  as  yet  disccvered  in  N,  A. 


\mp- 
aiid 

renie 
e  to 


the 


Fam.  XIY.  TABANIDAE. 

Charact. — Three  basal  cells  much  prolonged  ;  third  longitudinal  vein  fur- 
cate ;  two  intercalary  veins  always  present;  marginal  vein  running 
round  the  whole  border  of  the  wing ;  tegulre  rather  large.  Probosciti 
of  the  male  with  four,  of  the  female  with  six  bristles.  Third  joint 
of  the  antenme  annulate,  rarely  divided  into  distinct  joints,  always 
without  style  or  bristle ;  empodium  much  developed  and  pul  /illi- 
form. 

The  Tahanid(B  are  easily  distinguished  from  the  foregoing  fami- 
lies by  the  structure  of  the  oral  parts  and  by  the  size  of  the  tcguUi;. 
On  account  of  the  presence  or  absence  of  spurs  at  the  end  of  the 
posterior  tibial  they  may  be  divided  into  the  sections  of  Pangonina 
and  Tabanina;  the  former  often,  but  not  always,  possess  ocelli, 
whereas,  according  to  the  observations  hitherto  made,  they  are 
always  wanting  in  the  latter  section. 

To  the  Pangonina  belongs,  firstly,  the  genus  Panqonia  Luir, 


I 


H 


M 


m^- 


20 


DIPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


:'! 


*., 


h 

.i;r,l 


Iff 


■J«:. 


:*i|; 


^  ft  ill- 

4m 


with  the  genera  separated  f:om  it  and  partly  connected  with  each 
other  by  passages:  PhiloUche  Ilffgg.,  Dicrania  [Nfacq.,  Peleco- 
rkynchiis  Macq.,  Codicern  Macq.,  Nnceria  Walk.,  Melpia  Walk., 
Saiplia  AValk.,  Tacina  Walk.,  Phafa  Walk.,  Chmis  Walk.,  Osca 
Walk.,  ÄczVwc  Walk.,  PUnthinaV^aXk.,  ScarphiaVfv^k.,  and  Lilcea 
Walk.;  moreover,  the  genera:  Scepsis  Walk.,  Silvius  il/t'/</. ,  Me- 
soMYiA  Macq.,  Tabanocella  Big.,  Ectenopsis  Macq.,  Kiiinomyza 
Wied.,  EuoDiORHYNcnus  Macq.,  Gastroxides  Saund.,  Puonopes 
Loew,  Chrysops  Meig.,  and  Nemorius  Rond. 

The  Tabaniiia  comprise  the  genera:  Tabanus  Linn.,  with  7V«e- 
riopkctes  Zell.,  DicHELACERA  Macq.,  LepiselaqA  Macq.,  Sela- 
SOMA  Macq.,  IlADRUSPer^,  DiABASIS  J/r/r»/.,  ACANTIIOCERA  il/ac^'., 

Dasybasis  Macq.,  IIexatoma  Meig.,  and  HiEMATOPOTA  Meig. 

Th#  N.  A.  species  which  we  are  acquainted  with  belong  to  the 
genera:  I.  Pangonina:  1.  Tanuonia  Zw^r.,  2.  SiLVlus  il/t'i'y.,  3. 
Chrysops  Meig.      II.  Tahaniua:   4.  Tabanus  Linn.,   5.  Lepi- 

SELAQA  Macq.,  6.  DiABASIS  Macq.,  1.  ILeMATOPOTA  Meig. 

Fam.  XV.   LEPTIDAE. 

Charact. — Tlireo  basal  colls  imicli  prolonged  ;  tliird  longitudinal  vein  fur- 
cate ;  two  intercalary  veins  always  present ;  marginal  vein  running 
round  the  whole  border  of  the  wing.  Third  joint  of  the  antennjB 
simple,  with  a  simple  or  thickened  styliform  bristle.  Tibiaj  with 
spurs ;  empodium  much  developed,  pulvilliform. 

This  family  is  very  easily  distinguished  from  the  foregoing 
families  by  the  simple  third  joint  of  its  antenna;.  A  division  into 
sections  has  not  been  attempted  yet,  and  would  be  useless  for  the 
small  number  of  genera  hitherto  known.  The  genera  belonging 
to  this  family  are  as  follows:  Dasyomma  Macq.,  Chrysopila 
Macq.,  Triptotriciia  Loew,  Leptis  Fabr.,  Vermii-eo  Macq.  (  = 
Psaiiunorycter  Blanch.),  Atuerix  Meig.,  XoDUTis  J/t'y.  {=  Ibisia 
Rond.),  and  Spania  Meig.  (=  Ptiolina  Zett.  =  Leptipalpus 
Rond.). 

The  location  here  of  the  genns  Syneches  is  one  of  the  many 
errors  which  we  meet  with  in  the  writings  of  3lr.  Walker. 

I  know  N.  A.  species  belonging  to  the  genera :  1.  Ciirysopila 
Macq.,  2.  liEPTis  Fabr.,  3.  Triptotriciia  Locic,  4.  Atiiekix  Meig. 
.Mr.  Walker  has  also  recorded  a  species  of  the  genus  Spania  Meig. 


,1^^:; 


CYßTIDAE — IIIRMONEURIDAE. 


21 


Fam.  XYI.   CYRTIDAE. 


;ing 


(  = 


lany 


: 


icig. 


Characf, — Thorax  and  abdomen  inflated.  Eyes  occupying  the  greatest 
part  of  the  head.  Tegnla)  vaulted,  exceedingly  largo.  Wings 
naked,  with  variable  neuratlon,  sometimes  very  intricate,  some- 
times very  incomplete ;  the  basal  cells,  when  present,  are  of  consi- 
derable length.  Terminal  joint  of  the  antenna;  simple.  Tibice 
without  spurs ;  empodium  much  developed,  pulvilliform. 

Til  is  family  is  divided  into  the  two  sections  of  Cyrtina  and 
OxcoDiXA.  In  the  former  section  the  veins  of  the  winj^s  are  strong 
and  well  developed,  and  the  neuration  Is  usually  rather  complicated. 
It  contains  the  genera:  Cyrtus  Lnfr.,  Pteropexus  M<tcq.,  Epi- 
CERiNA  Macq.,  Panops  Lam.  (=  Mesophysn  Macq.),  Lasia  Wied., 
EuLONCiius  Gerst.,  Psilodera  Grijf.  (— -  Mesocera  Macq.),  Ptero- 

DONTIA    Grijf.,    ASTOMELLA    L.    Dvf.,    PlIYLIdS    Erichs.,    OCNiEA 

Erichs.  (=  Eriosoma  Macq.  =  Exehisis  Walk.),  Pialea  Erichs., 
Obsebius  Cost.  (=  Pithogaster  Loew),  Physeoaster  Macq. 

The  section  Oncodina  is  distinguished  by  the  anterior  veins  of 
the  wings  alone  being  completely  developed,  whereas  the  posterior 
ones  are  not  only  very  incomplete,  but  also  disappear  gradually, 
and  frequently  are  hct  completely  connected.  The  genera  which 
belong  here  are:  Oncodes  JMtr.  (=  J/enops  Meig.),  Terphis 
Erichs.  and  Ph  liOPOTA  Wied. 

The  X.  A.  species  known  to  me  belong  to  the  genera:  I.  Ci/r- 
tina:  1.  Cyrtus  Latr.,  2.  OcNiEA  Erie/is.,  3.  Pterodoxtia  Grijf'., 
4.  Acrocera  Meig.,  5.  a  genus  hitherto  unnamed,  and  related  to 
Obsebivs,  6.  EuLONCHUS  Cers^,  occurring  in  California.  II.  On- 
codina: T.  Oncodes  Latr. 


Fam.  XVII.  IIIRMONEURIDAE. 

Charact. — Three  basal  cells  much  prolonged ;  veins  of  the  wings  varying ; 
third  longitudinal  vein  furcate;  the  two  intercalary  veins  present. 
Third  joint  of  the  antennre  simple  ;  terminal  bristle  simple  or  simi- 
lar to  a  style,  and  consisting  of  several  joints.  Tibire  without  ter- 
minal spurs ;  empodium  pulvilliform,  but  more  frequently  minute 
as  well  as  the  pulvilli. 

This  family,  usually  called  Nemestrinidce,  must  be  divided  into 
the  two  sections  Hirmoneurina  and  Rhynchgcephalina.  The 
first  comprises  the  geuera:  Hirmoneura  Meig.,  Exeretoneüüa 


i 


I-  .'•••J 


vn 


22 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


;.--<i 


M«cq.,  CoLAX  Wied.,  Thiciiopstdea  Westw.,  and  Symmictus  Loew, 
all  of  wliich  are  characterized  by  tlieir  very  short  proboscis.  To 
the  second  belong  the  genera:  Fallenia  J/e/r/.,  Xemestrina  Wied., 
Meoistoriiynciius  Macq.,  Tricuopiitiialma  Wesho.,  and  Riiyn- 

CHOCEPHALUS  Fisch. 

We  are  only  acquainted  with  a  single  X.  A.  species  belonging 
to  IIiRMONEURA  Meig. 

Fam,  XVIII.  MID  A  SID  AE. 

Charact, — Tliree  basal  cells  much  prolonged  ;  third  longitudinal  vein  fur- 
cate ;  posterior  intercalary  vein  always  present,  whereas  the  ante- 
rior one  is  often  wanting ;  veins  of  the  wings  varying ;  wings  naked. 
Antennre  clavate  with  the  third  joint  consisting  of  several  distinct 
segments.     Under  lip  fleshy.     Empodium  very  little  developed. 

To  this  family  belong  the  genera:  Midas  Fuhr.,  Cepiialocera 
Latr.,  RnoPALiA  Macq.,  and  Doliciiooasteh  Macq. — Pomacera 
Miicq.  may  also  be  placed  here  till  its  true  place  is  found. 

The  N.  A.  species  hitherto  known  belong  only  to  the  genus 
Midas  Fabr. 


Fam.  XIX.  ASILIDAE. 

Charact. — Three  basal  cells  much  prolonged.  Third  longitudinal  vein  of 
the  wings  furcate,  the  two  intercalary  veins  always  present.  Third 
joint  of  the  antennae  simple;  under  lip  forming  a  horny  sheath; 
empodium  similar  to  a  horny  bristle. 

This  family,  rich  in  species  of  the  most  varied  forms,  is  divided 
into  three  sections.  The  first  of  them  is  that  of  the  Dasypooo- 
NINA,  differing  from  the  two  others  by  its  second  longitudinal  vein 
running  into  the  border  of  the  wing,  whereas  in  the  others  it 
unites  with  the  first  longitudinal  vein  before  the  border  of  the  wing. 
The  considerable  number  of  genera  requires  a  further  division  into 
two  subordinate  groups,  the  first  of  which  comprises  those  genera 
in  which  the  anterior  tibiae  end  in  a  hooked  spine,  whereas  the 
genera  of  the  second  portion  have  no  such  spine.  Consequently 
the  genera  belonging  to  the  first  group  of  Dasypogovina  are  as 
follows:  Dasypogon  Meig.,  Saropogon  Loeio,  Lastaurus  Loew, 
MoRiMNA  Walk. ,  Cyrtophrys  Loeiv,  Laparus  Lot  w,  Bracuyriio- 
Pala  Macq.,  Cheilopogon  Eond.,  Lagodias  Loew,  and  Pege- 


ii  ;••  ^f- 


ASILIDAE. 


23 


ein 
it 

ng. 

uto 
iiera 

the 
utly 
e  as 
oew, 

IIIO- 
tOE- 


siMALLL's  Zoc»'.     Those  of  the  second  group  are:  Micuostylum 

Muvq.,  3[E(IAP0LLI0N  WdUc,  Xll'IIOCERUS  MdCq.,  DOLICIIODES 
Macq.,  DlSCOCEl'IIALA  Marq.,  SenouasiS  M<tcq.,  PlesIOMMA  j\lacq., 
Stenoi'ouun  Loeiv,  Batiiyi'ogon  Loeic,  11  Amwvouos  Loeiv,  ITolo- 
voiios L'ww,  Eriopogon  Zo«f,  IIeteropogon  Xoe?«»,  Isovooos  Loeio, 
Omgopuoon  Loeic,  Sticiiopogon  Locw,  Saropogon  Loew,  Dicra- 
NLs  Loew,  Triclis  Lvew,  Euarmostus  Walk.,  Prolepsis  ]V<iJI:., 

('(iDULA   Macq.,    CaUASA    Wulk.,    PlIELLUS   Walk.,    PlIILAMMOSIUS 

Walk.,  Gastrichelius  Roml,  Dactiuscus  Roud.,  Elasmocera 
lioud.,  PiiENEL's  Walk.,  Croiulocerus  Lucio,  Pycnüpogon  L^ocw, 
Anarolius  L^oew,  Acnepiialum  Macq.,  Sisyrnopytes  L^oew,  \\\ix- 
DiNTS  L^oeiii,  Ceraturgus  Wted.,  DiocTRiA  Mci(j.,  Teratopus 
L.oe.w,  Daspi-etis  Loeio,  Lapiiyctis  Loeio,  Scylaticus  Loeic,  IIy'- 
penejes  Loew,  Spanurus  Loew,  Riiaudogaster  Loew,  Damalis 
Wied.,  Leptogaster  J/ei"*/.  (=CoHyy>cs  Latr.),  Euscelidia  Wtstw., 
and  Lasiocnemus  Loew. 

The  second  section  of  the  Asilido'  are  the  TjAPIIHI.va;  it  agrees 
with  the  tljird  in  the  second  longitndinal  vein  running  into  the 
first,  but  diilurs  from  it  in  the  style  of  the  antcniue  eitiier  being 
thick  and  stout,  and  generally  only  rudimentary,  or  (utirely  want- 
ing, whereas  the  antennue  of  the  third  section  possess  a  distinct 
terminal  bristle.  The  genera  of  the  second  section  arc:  Lapiiria 
Meiy.,  Lampria  Macq.,  IIgplihtomera  Macq.,  ]\Ieoapoda  Macq., 
KlIOPALOGASTER  Macq.,  ^IlCHOTAMIA  Mcicq.,  AtoMOSIA  Macq., 
TiAXENECERA  Macq.,  Tapinocera  Macq.,  PlIONEUS  Macq.,  TiA- 
VHYSTIA  L^oeiV,  NUSA  Walk.,  SCANDON  W(dk.,  DaSYLLIS  LjOCW,  La- 

MYRA  L^oew,  Lamprozona  Loew,  Dasy'tiirix  Ljocio,  Tiiereutria 
Loew,  Ampyx  Walk.,  Cormansis  Walk.,  Ciio:rades  ]l'alk  ,  Acu- 
RANA  Uulk.,  Pseudorus  Walk.,  PonoNOSOMA  liond.,  and  Dyseris 
Loew. 

The  third  section  is  that  of  the  Ahilina,  which  is  characterized 
by  its  second  longitudinal  vein  running  into  the  first,  and  by  its 
antenna}  having  a  distinct  terminal  bristle.  The  genera  belonging 
to  this  section  are:  Mallopüora  Macq.,  Promaciius  L.oew,  Alci- 
Mus  L^joew,  Philodicus  Loeio,  Craspedia  Macq.  (=  Lilepharotes 
Westw.),  PoLYPHONius  LoeiP,  Apoclea  Macq.,  Erax  Macq.,  Eris- 
TicusZoe?»,  Proctacantiius  J/acy.,  Stenoprosopis  Jfor«/. ,  Syxol- 
cus  Loew,  Dysclytus  Loew,  Lopuongtus  Macq.,  Triciionotus 
Loeici,  Dasopiirys  Loeio,  Protophanes  Loeio,  Dysmaciius  Loew, 
Eutolmus  Loew,  Machimus  Loew,  Mociitherus  Loeio  (=  Helig- 


i 


"vVi 


•''■'■1« 


'■m 


24 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


t 


morenra  Bij?.),  Stilfnogaster  Loew,  Epitriptiis  I.oew,  Itamus 
/»o«"»/',  ToLMERUS  Locxp,  Cerdistus  Loeir,  Proaoomstes  Loew, 
AsiLUs  Linn.,  Eccoptopus  Ljocw,  IIhai>iurouh  Loew,  Pamponerus 
Loe\P,  Antipiirisson  L^ew,  EcnTinsTUS  J.oow,  Antipalus  I^new, 
Philodicus  L^oew,  Lecania  Mucq.,  Atractia  Mucq.,  and  Omma- 
TiL's  Wicd. 

jMost  of  tlic  X.  A.  AsiU(l(c,  but  by  no  means  all,  may  be  plrteed 
in  the  frcncra  hitherto  established.  I  give,  as  far  as  I  am  al)lo  to 
do  so  under  such  cireumstanees,  the  followinjj  list  of  genera  l<no\vn 
to  me  as  occurring  on  that  continent: — 

I.  Dasypo'ionina :  1.  Dasypooon  3feif/.,  with  several  species 
which  will  require  the  formation  of  some  new  genera;  2.  MiCRO- 
STYiiUM  2Iocq.,  3.  DiscoCEPiiALA  Marq.,  4.  Plesiomma  Mucq.,  5. 
Stenopogon  Loevj,  6.  Uatiiypoqon  J.,oew,  7.  Lastaurus  I^oew, 
8.  Euarmostus  Walk.,  9.  Piieneus  Walk.,  10.  S'ricnopociON  Zoew, 
11.  Ceraturous  Walk.,  12.  Leptogaster  j\Ie!g.  The  N.  A.  spe- 
cies recorded  as  belonging  to  Diocthia  Meig.  are  no  Ih'oclrice  at 
all ;  at  least  Dioctr.  octopunctata  Say  is  by  no  means  a  true 
Dioctnu. 

II.  J^aphrina:  13.  ^Megapopa  il/c^cy.,  14.  Lapiiria  i?/i?/^.,  15. 
Anprenosoma  liond,  16.  Lampria  3facq.,  11.  Ato.mosia  Macq., 
18.  Lapiivstia  Loew. 

III.  Asilina:  19.  Mallophora  il/rtrf/.,  20.  Promaciius  Zof^t», 
21.  Erax  Mucq.,  22.  Proctacantuus  Jfacq.,  23.  Mochtiierus 
Loew,  24.  EpiTRiPTUS  Loeio,  25.  Ommatius  Wied. 


Fam.  XX.  THEREUIDAE. 

Ckaract. — Three  basal  cells  uuich  prolonged;  the  two  intercalary  veins 
present;  third  longitudinal  vein  furcate.  Antenna)  with  a  terminal 
style  of  variable  form,  sometimes  wanting.  No  empodium.  Under 
lip  fleshy. 

The  principal  genera  belonging  to  this  family  are:  Xestomyza 
Wied.,  Barypiiora  Loew,  Cionopiiora  L^gg.,  Exapata  Macq., 
Thereua  Latr.,  EcTiNORHYNCHUS  3Iacq.,  Anabariiynciius  Macq., 
Tabuda  Walk.,  Cyclotelus  Walk.,  Phycus  Walk.,  and  Dimassus 
Walk. 

The  X.  A.  species  with  which  I  am  acquainted  may  be  conve- 
niently placed  under  the  genus  Thereua  ImU-.     In  case  the  genus 


'^ 


7> 

4 


^  ■': ;' 


BOMBYLIDAE. 


25 


PsUoccphuJa  Zott.,  which  ilocs  not  appear  to  be  well  founded,  should 
be  admitted,  some  species  with  nuked  faces  would  be  located  in  it. 


lYZA 

fcq., 
acq., 

ssus 


nve- 
euus 


Fam.  XXI.  BOMBYLIDAE. 

Clntract. — Three  basal  cells  much  prolonged ;  anterior  intercalary  vein 
present  almost  without  exception,  the  posterior  always  wanting ; 
third  joint  of  the  antenufe  simple;  empodium  quite  rudimentary. 

This,  again,  is  a  family  exceedingly  rich  in  the  most  varied 
forms.  A  distribution  into  several  tribes  would  therefore  be  very 
useful ;  the  two  sections  hitherto  adopted,  one  of  which  comprises 
the  genera  grouped  round  the  genus  Bomhylius,  having  a  long 
proboscis,  while  the  second  consists  of  genera  more  allied  to  the 
genus  Anthrax,  having  a  short  proboscis,  do  not  appear  sufiicient 
to  embrace  all  the  forms  which  have  hitherto  been  discovered.  I 
am  unable  to  give  a  better  distribution,  and  I  think  it  will  not  be 
possible  to  do  so  until  the  number  of  sections  is  increased  to  at 
least  five  or  six.  The  genera  of  ßomhi/Iidce  are  as  follows:  BoM- 
BYLius  Linn.,  Euuycarenus  Loew,  Tiuplasius  Loew,  SYSTfficrius 
Loeio,  Spaunopolius  Lopao,  Disciiistus  Loew  (=  Bomhylisoma 
llond.),  Parisus  Walk.,  Choristus  Walk.,  1 ' rterostylum  Macq., 
Lasioprosopa  Macq.,  Adelidea  Macq.,  AcREOTRlcnus  Macq., 
Apatomyza  Wied.,  Thlipsomyza  Meig.,  Amictus  Wied.,  ]\[ega- 
PALPUS  Macq.,  PiiTiiiRiA  Meig.,  Cyclorhynchls  Macq.,  Dasypal- 
pus  Macq.,  CiiociDiuM  Loetv,  Geron  Meig.,  Apolysis  Loeto,  Oli- 
ugdraneh  Zoeit?,  ]\[uliü  Latr.  (=  Glossista  llond.),  Chalcochiton 
I^oeiv,  Callostoma  Macq.,  Sericosoma  Macq.,  ToxoPiiORA  Meig., 
Eniconf.ura  Macq.,  Lepidophora  Macq.,  Corsomyza  Wied.,  Ecli- 
Mus  Loeto,  SyfSTP.'^PU«  Wied.,  Dolichomyia  Wied.,  TJsio  Latr., 
Platypygus  I^oew,  Cyrtoua  Perr.,  Pleas  Latr.,  Cyllenia  Latr., 
Lagochilus  Loeio,  Anisotamia  Macq.,  Lomatia  3Ieig.,  Oncodo- 
CERA  Macq.,  Plesiocera  Macq.,  LioYRA  Newm.,  Anthrax  Scop., 
Argyrgmceba  Schin.,  Xeuria  Newm.,  Comptosia  Macq.,  LiTO- 
RiiYNCHUS  Macq.,  Spogostylum  Macq.,  Enica  Macq.,  Tomomyza 
Wied.,  Argyrospila  liond.,  ExopRosoPA  Macq.,  Autonia  Z-ocjü. 

The  N.  A.  BomhylidcB  which  I  have  seen  may  be  distributed 
amongst  the  following  genera:  1.  IjOMbyliusZih?».,  2.  Systcechus 
Loew,  3.  Sparnopolius  Loao,  4.  Lepidophora  Westw.,  5.  Toxo- 
PHORA  Meig.,   6.  Geron  Meig.,  V.  Systropus   Wied.,  8.  Ploas 


K:^ 


i 


■' 


f 


26 


DlPTEllA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 


hl< 


^  . 


m'ü 


■'"! 


Iir- 


m  4 

wm 


1^ 


f.'U  ' 

IL'  ',  ■  ■ 


I" 


1*1  :  'I 


H^P. 


I 


Zr^/r,,  9.  Anthrax  Scop.,  10.  ARtiYuuMUiHA  Schin.,  11.  Exopro- 
soi'A  ]\Iucq. 

^Moreover,  Macqiiurt  lias  fümidcd  liis  genus  Oncudocera  on  a  N. 
A.  spt't'it's,  und  described  a  N.  A.  species  among  his  Anisola.  lüc, 
though  it  seems  to  l)e  an  alien  there.  Mr.  Walker  described  some 
N.  A.  species,  wliich  he  placed  under  the  genera  Apatomyza  AVicd. 
and  Phlhiriu  ^leig, 

Fam.  XXII.  SYIUMIIDAE. 

Characl. — Throe  bfi.sal  colls  mucli  prolonged  ;  tliirdlongitudiual  vein  sim- 
ple; a  Hpurious  longitudinal  vein  (rcud  .siiun'n)  between  the  third 
and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  ;  fourth  longituilinal  vein  united  at 
its  end  with  the  third  ;  no  intercalary  veins,  llypopygiuui  unsym- 
metrical ;  no  empodium. 

This  is  one  of  the  raost  extensive  families  and  includes  about 
eighty  genera,  the  enumeration  of  wliieh  seems  to  be  superfluous 
here.  A  distribution  into  sections,  however  desirable,  proves 
exceedingly  difficult.  To  divide  the  family  into  genera  with  an 
antennal  bristle  and  genera  with  a  terminal  style  would  be  no  great 
gain,  since  the  number  of  the  latter  is  very  small. 

I  know  the  following  genera  to  occur  in  X.  A. :  Volucella 
Geoffr.,  Temnocera  St.  Far<j.,  Microdon  3Teig.  (=  Jphn'tis 
Latr.),  C^RW  Fdbr.,  Serioomyia  Meig.,  Tropidia  3Ieig.,  Syritta 
St.  Farg.,  Xyi,ota  Meig.,  Mallota  Meig.,  Braciiipalpus  Macq., 
MiLESIA  Latr.,  SpiIECOMYIA  Latr.,  SoMULA  Macq.,  CllRYSOTOXUM 
Meig.,  Mixtemyia  Macq.,  Mallota  Meig.,  Helopiiilus  ]\Ieig., 
Eristalis  Latr.,  Plaoiocera  Macq.,  Ocyptamus  Macq  ,  Bacciia 
Fabr.,  Spiiegina  Meig.,  Rhingia  Fabr.,  Orthoneura  Macq.  (  = 
Cnjptineura  Big.),  Paragus  Latr.,  Cheilosia  Meig.,  Cmryso- 
ciiLAMYS  Bond.,  DoROS  Meig.,  Didea  Macq.  (=  Enica  Meig.), 
Melithreptus  Loeio  (=  Spliserophoria  Macq.),  Mesouramma 
Zocjy,  Syrpiius  Fabr.,  Sc.i:VA  Fabr.,  Platyciieirus  St.  Farg. 

It  results  from  the  remarks  of  some  authors  that  species  of  the 
genera:  Pipiza  Fall.,  Chrysogastcr  Meig.,  Fpistroplie  Walk.,  Pa- 
lydonta  Macq.,  and  Merodon  I^atr.  occur  with  certainty  in  X.  A. 

The  genus  ChymopMla  Macq.  founded  on  a  X.  A.  species  must 
be  entirely  blotted  out  from  the  list  of  genera.  For  it  is  evident 
that  Bigot  is  right  in  stating  that  the  specimen  on  which  it  was 


I 


.;>'■' 


MYOPIDAE. 


2T 


founded  was  a  composition  of  a  body  of  n  Mtcrodon  with  tlie  head 
of  a  C()iioj)S.  Tiio  {rcnus  7o.ro)iieriis  Mnc(|.  has  not  hoeu  iiiculioncd 
in  the  above  list,  it  being  (juite  untenable.  I  jiidj^e  Jh'iiicnis/>is 
Xcwm.  to  be  identical  with  Jlivrodon,  Psnnts  has  been  omitted, 
because  the  species  described  under  this  name  must  be  i)laced  in 
other  pencra.  The  statement  of  Emuenis  M('i<.^  oecuirinj;'  in  X. 
A.  is  founded  merely  on  an  observation  of  Walker,  and  therefore 
re(|uires  further  confirmation,  ^faccjuart  records  a  X.  A.  species 
of  the  genus  Psilota  Meig.,  but  this  genus  having  been  misunder- 
stood by  most  authors,  I  do  not  venture  now  to  mention  it  among 
those  truly  represented  in  N.  A. 


(Cq., 
UM 

;cirA 
so- 


i 


i 


Fam.  XXIir.  .AIYOPIDAE. 

Charnrt. — Three  hasal  colls  large,  the  third  closed,  more  or  less  remote 
from  the  posterior  border  ;  all  longitudinal  veins  siin{)le  ;  no  inter- 
calary vein.  Eyes  in  both  sexes  broadly  separated ;  proboseis,  with 
few  exceptions,  imiuli  prolonged;  niaxilhe  small  ;  the  third  joint  of 
the  antennas  with  an  apical  style  or  a  tiiick  dorsal  bristle.  Uypo- 
pygium  symmetrical,  turned  under  the  abdomen.  Empodium 
wanting. 

Omitting  the  untenable  genera  into  which  the  genus  Conops  has 
been  subdivided  by  Kondani  and  the  genus  Jfi/opd  by  Perris,  we 
mention  here  the  genera:  Conups  Linn.,  Pleuuoceivina  J/f^cy., 
ZoDlON  Liitr.,  ;Myupa  Latr.  and  Staciiinia  Maeq. 

This  family  has  been  divided  by  some  authors  into  two  families: 
Conopidfv  and  Myopid  e,  the  former  containing  those  genera  which 
have  an  apical  style  on  the  antenme,  the  latter  being  characterized 
by  a  dorsal  bristle  of  the  anteniiiv.  I  cannot  approve  of  this  divi- 
sion at  all,  since  the  difference  between  a  style  and  a  bristle,  and 
the  difference  of  an  apical  and  a  dorsal  position,  according  to  all 
experience,  only  furnishes  characters  of  very  inferior  value  for  the 
systematic  arrangement,  as  we  see  in  the  families  Stratiotnydx, 
Bomhylidee,  Syrphidse,  Hybotidse,  D<>Uchopidse,  etc.,  where  this 
organ  is  sometimes  apical,  sometimes  dorsal.  AVe  might  as  well 
form  two  families  on  account  of  the  proboscis  being  either  straight 
or  geniculated.  But  the  conspicuity  of  the  difference  in  the  struc- 
ture of  the  antennae  may  serve  to  form  two  sections  in  the  family, 
CoNOPiNA  and  Myopina,  the  former  of  which  would  contain  the 
genera  Conops  and  Pletirocerina,  the  latter  the  genera  Zodion, 
Myopa,  and  Stachynia. 


i 


m 


m 


'  ■  "'.1 


"b? 


'T 


1^. 


I 


S8 


DIITERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Tlie  N.  A.  species  which  I  know  belorifr  to  the  jreiicni :  1.  Co- 
Noi'S  Linn,,  2.  Züdion  Lutr.,  3.  Myopa /-'<//•.,  4.  Staciiynia  Mucq. 


Fam.  XXTV.  riPUNCULIDAE. 

Chnrart, — Threo  basal  colls  much  prolonged,  the  hindmost  cloaed  nonrthe 
border  of  the  wing;  tliird  longitudinal  vein  Himiilo,  the  fourtli 
ponietinu's  almost  entirely  wanting,  sometimes)  furcate  when  perfect ; 
no  intercalary  vein.  Ihmil  almost  entirely  occupied  by  the  eyes, 
front  and  face  exceedingly  narrow ;  antenn.t)  with  a  basal  bristle. 
lIyi)oi)ygiuni  unsymmetrical.  Tibi.o  without  spurs  ;  emi>odium 
wanting. 

This  family  only  comprises  the  tlirce  jrenera:  Neiiroviiocerus 
Zett,  Pii'UNCULUs  Latr.  and  Cualarus  Walk. 

The  X.  A.  species  known  to  me  lu'long  all  to  the  genns 
PlPUNCULUS  Lutr. 

Fam.  XXV.  SCF       PINIDAE. 

Charact. — Three  basal  cells  very  larg«  ,  ..o  third  closed  rather  far  from 
the  border  of  the  wing  ;  third  longitudinal  vein  furcate  ;  no  inter- 
calary vein ;  third  joint  of  the  autennie  without  style  or  bristle. 
No  empodium. 

This  family  possesses  so  many  peculiarities  that  it  is  very  dinicult 
to  find  a  fit  place  for  it  among  the  other  families,  though  it  ex- 
hibits much  afiinity  with  some  of  them.  I  would  especially  point 
out  the  BomhyUdcB  as  deserving  a  closer  comparison  in  order  to 
investigate  their  true  relationship.  At  present  it  seems  best  to 
follow  those  authors  who  have  considered  the  genus  Scenopinus 
as  the  type  of  a  separate  family. 

Some  species  of  Scenopinus  occur  in  N.  A. 

Fam.  XXVI.  PLATYPEZIDAE. 

Charact. — Three  basal  cells  rather  large,  the  hindmost  always  ending 
acutely,  at  more  or  less  distance  from  the  border  of  the  wing ;  third 
longitudinal  vein  simple ;  no  intercalary  vein.  Antennre  with  an 
apical  bristle.  Hypopygium  symmetrically  turned  under  the  abdo- 
men.    Middle  tibi»  with  spurs  ;  empodium  wanting. 

The  genera  which  belong  to  this  family  are :  Platypeza  Meig., 
Callomyia  Meig.,  Opetia  Meig.,  and  Platycnema  Zett, 


liri'l: 


LONCn()PTK,llIt)AE — IlYnOTIDAE. 


99 


1  kiinw  only  OIK!  species  of  IM-atycnkma,  one  species  of  Cai.i.o- 
MYIA,  mid  two  species  of  I'latyi'k/a  occurring  in  N.  A. 


enrling 
third 

ith  an 
abdo- 


Fam.  XXVII.  LONCIIOI'TEltlDAK. 

<  'liaracl. — Tliree  basal  cell«  of  nioderat«  size,  of  noarly  efjunl  length  ;  fourth 
longitudinal  voiu  fiu'cato  and  united  with  tho  lit'th  near  the  base. 
Antonua)  with  an  i  pical  brintlu.     Kinpodium  wanting. 

Tiiis  family  is  also  foiiiulod  on  a  sinj^^lc  p^enus  wliich  cannot  bo 
plaecil  in  any  other  family.  Though  in  LoxciioI'Tkua  llio  basal 
cells  are  Ijy  no  means  larfj;e,  yet  their  structure  and  the  jrreat  deve- 
lopment of  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  seems  to  prove  that  thia 
family  should  be  reunited  with  ono  of  those  already  mentioned. 
However,  by  the  form  of  its  neiiration  and  its  anal  parts  it  dillers 
so  widely  from  them,  that  it  is  very  difficult  to  state  in  what  their 
affinity  consists.  Mr.  Walker  has  lately  added  the  genus  Cauuema 
to  the  family  of  lonehopterlda:. 

LoNcnoPTEUA  is  found  in  N.  A . 

Fam.  XXVIII.  IIYBOTIDAE. 

('haract. — Three  basal  cells  complete,  rather  large,  the  third  only  a  littUf 
.shorter  than  the  second ;  posterior  transverse  vein  of  the  base 
generally  running  perpendicularly  or  at  a  somewhat  acute  angle 
into  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein,  and  thus  not  being  parallel  to  the 
posterior  border  of  the  wing ;  third  longitudinal  vein  frecjuently 
furcate;  anterior  intercalary  vein  often  wanting,  posterior  never 
present.  First  joint  of  tho  antenn;o  not  much  shortened,  the  third 
more  fre(iuently  with  a  bristle  than  with  a  style,  the  bristle  some- 
times dorsal  instead  of  being  apical.  Empodium  membranaceous 
and  linear. 

The  three  families  :  Jfi/botidic,  IJmpuhx  and  TKcliyih-owidoc  run 
into  each  other  so  insensibly,  that  it  is  very  dilficult  to  indicate 
sharp  limits  between  them.  If  wc  select  this  or  that  character  a.s 
being  of  greater  importance,  we  shall  always  obtain  a  different  result 
as  to  these  limits.  I  maintain  the  family  Ih/buliJoi  only  with  the 
view  of  falling  in  with  the  usual  arrangement,  since  I  am  fully 
satisfied  that  there  is  no  sharp  limit  to  be  drawn  between  it  and 
that  of  the  Empidx.  For  neither  the  more  convex  thorax,  nor 
the  horizontal  direction  of  the  proboscis,  nor  the  form  and  position 
of  the  palpi,  nor  the  simplicity  or  furcation  of  the  third  longitudi- 


m 


^ 


30 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


■'     t 


■111' 


nal  vein,  nor  tlic  presence  or  absence  of  the  anterior  intercalary 
vein  are  characters,  on  which — whether  we  use  them  singly  or  in 
any  combination — wc  can  found  a  satisfactory  or  sliarp  dclini- 
tion  of  both  families.  The  resemblance  of  some  Ihjhoildx  with 
some  BomhyUdiK  cannot  be  denied,  but  their  place  will  never  be 
douVitful  if  wo  consider,  that  in  the  Bomhylidfh  the  third  basal  cell 
is  open  or  only  closed  near  the  border  of  the  wing,  while  in  all 
Ifi/bolidn:  it  always  remains  remote  from  that  border.  To  the 
family  JIi/l>ofid;v  may  be  referred:  IJiiaciiystoma  Mclg.,  llvuos 
Fabr.,  Syneciies  Ifd.  (=  Pfcraspifiii  llond.  =  Jlnrpnnicrus 
I)ig.),  Syndyas  Lonv,  Stenoi'Uoctus  Locw,  Acarteiujs  Loao, 
]\Iegiiyi>erus  Zora',  Oedalea  Meig.,  Eutiiyneura  Macq.  (=  An- 
th(ih'((  Zett  ),  OoYiiROMrA  JAvV/.,  Triciiopeza  llond.  on  account  of 
of  its  near  relation  with  Urach ijstoma  and  \iEVTovk/.a  JLicq.  ou 
account  of  its  roscniblauce  with  Ocydromid.  The  two  last  genera 
might  as  well  be  placed  among  the  Fmjndiv,  since  they  agree  with 
them  in  having  the  posterior  basal  transverse  vein  parallel  to  the 
border  of  the  wing. 

Tue  X.  A.  species  which  I  possess  belong  to  the  following 
gei  'ra :  Ukaciiystoma  Meig.,  IIyros  F<d)r,,  Syneciies  \V(dk., 
Syndyas  I.ocv,  and  TjEPTOPEZA  Mucq.  Zslv.  Walker  also  describes 
a  species  which  he  believes  to  belong  to  the  genus  Ocydromia  2Ici'j. 


4 


m 


¥ 


•A  ■' 


m 


Fam.  XXIX.  E.MPIDAE. 

Charart. — Tliree  basal  cells  complete,  rather  large,  the  third  shorter  than 
thi-  ^;l'uon^l ;  posterior  basal  transverse  vein  parallel  to  the  border  of 
the  wing;  third  longitudinal  vein  frequently  furcate ;  anterior  in- 
tercalary vein  present,  tlie  posterior  wanting.  First  joint  of  the 
antenna^  not  much  shortened,  third  joint  with  an  apical  bristle 
sometimes  i-esembling  a  style.  Empodinra  membranaceous  and  of 
a  linear  form. 

The  genera  belonging  to  this  Aimily  are  :  Empis  Meig.,  Paciiy'- 
MERIA  Macq.,  ErIOGAöTER  l\facq.,  AplOMERA  Mucq.,  RlIAMPIIO- 
MYiA  ^Icig.,  HiLARA  3ktg.,  Raqas  Walk.,  Gloma  3kig.,  Micro- 

PHORtlS  Macq.,\  lORMOPEZA  Zelt.,  ItEAPIIILA  Zelt,  MlCROSANIA  Zm.  , 

and  Cyrtoma  Meig. 

The  X.  A.  species  known  to  me  belong  to  the  genera:  Empis 
Meig.,  Paciiymeria  Macq.,  Riiampiiomyia  Meig.,  Hilara  2h'ig., 


€ 


^ 


TACIIYDROMIDAE. 


31 


.'ind  CvRTOMA  Mcir).     'S\\'.  "Walker  rccords  a  N.  A.  species  belong- 
ing to  tlio  genus  GIloma  Mciy. 


■'J- 


than 

r  of 

iii- 

Iho 

riritle 

ud  of 

CHY- 

riio- 

ICRO- 

Zdt., 


iMris 

Jciff., 


Fam.  XXX.  TACIIYDROMIDAE. 

Cliaract. — Tlio  hindmost  hasal  cell  not  always  present,  tho  second  hasal 
cell  sometimes  coalescent  with  the  discal  cell ;  when  present  they 
are  of  a  tolerable  size,  hut  the  hinduiost  is  always  remote  from  the 
honler  of  the  wing  ;  third  longitudinal  vein  sometimes  furcate  ;  an- 
terior intercalary  vein  sometimes  present,  the  posterior  never.  First 
joint  of  tho  antenna?  very  much  shortened  so  that  the  antenn.T  may 
easily  bo  taken  for  biarticulate.  Kmpodium  membranaceous  and 
of  a  linear  form. 

To  tliis  fiiniily  belong  the  genera:  ITemerodiiomia  J/<'/y.  with 
('iiYiioMANTis  J\o)id.  and  Mantii'e/a  Rond.,  Phyllodromia  Zvtt., 

TaCUYDROMIA    Fuhr.,    DkYODKOMIA   Jiond.,    ELArHROl'EZA    2hirq., 

I'latypalpus  Mitcq.,  PnoROXYPiiA  Jiond.,  Sciodromia  //<d.  (  = 
Mlcrocera  Zett.),  Ardopteua  ]\I<ieq.  [=.  Lcptoscchs  Hal.),  Clixo- 
CERA  Meig.,  with  whieh  IIeleodromia  //«/.  (=  Paraiuesln  Macq.,) 
and  WiEDEMANNiA  Zett.  may  be  properly  reunited. 

As  genera  occnrring  in  N.  A.  I  enumerate:  IIemerodromia 
Meifj.,  Taciiydromia  Fabr.,  Platypalpus  jlfacq.,  Ardoptera 
Macq.,  and  Cltnocera  Meiff.  If  we  may  trust  Mr.  WalUerV 
statement,  the  genus  Drapetis  Meig.  also  occurs  in  N.  A. 

Observation. — With  the  Tacit i/dromidoc  ends  the  series  of  those 
families  of  liracliycera  which  in  the  greater  develop'nent  of  their 
basal  cells  diiler  from  the  following,  and,  with  the  exception  of  the 
Loiichoplcridrv,  form  a  rather  natural  series,  if  a  linear  arrangement 
may  be  spoken  of  as  a  natural  one.  The  peculiarities,  which  also 
characterize  this  series  of  families,  and  any  of  which,  combined 
with  that  just  mentioned,  suirice  to  place  a  family  under  this  head, 
arc  the  following:  I.  the  third  joint  of  the  antenna;  is  composed 
of  a  number  of  joints  more  or  less  soldered  together  ;  2.  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  is  furcate ;  3.  one  intercalary  vein  or  both  arc 
present;  4.  the  emitodiuni  is  considerably  developed.  These  pecu- 
liarities characterizing  the  whole  scries  of  families  hitherto  spoken 
of  are  much  lessened  in  the  llyboiidiv  r^nd  Empnhv,  and  still  more 
so  in  the  Tachydromidf«.  TivniapVjra,  Dacus  and  other  genera 
with  the  third  basal  cell  more  developed,  are  placed  by  most  of 
the  authors  lower  down  in  the  series  of  families  which  follow.     Jo 


4 


n 


I 


m 


I.  ' 


u 


^4 

'!■       It' 


■i^'  : , 


>i: 


8*  V 


I 

I' 


lii 


I. 


f3 


82 


DIPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


order  to  retain  the  accustomed  arrangement  as  much  as  possible, 
I  shall  leave  them  in  their  usual  places,  though  it  would  seem,  that 
a  more  natural  arrangement  might  be  obtained,  were  they  added 
to  the  above  families  which  have  the  basal  cells  prolonged, 

Fam.  XXXI.  DOLICIIOPODIDAE. 

Charact. — First  basal  cell  rather  short,  the  second  united  with  the  discal 
cell,  the  third  small ;  auxiliary  vein  running  in  the  first  longitudi- 
nal vein  ;  third  longitudinal  vein  simple,  the  fourth  sometimes  fur- 
cate; no  intercalary  vein.  Hypopygium  symmetrical,  bent  under 
the  abdomen.     Empodium  small,  membranaceous,  of  a  linear  form. 

The  principal  genera  are:  PsiLorus  3Ieig.,  Sybistuoma  MeUj  , 
IlYPoriiYLLUS  IIuL,  Hercostomus  Loew,  IIyguoceleutiius  Locw, 

DOUCIIOPUS  JI/(^?^7.,TACHYTRECIIUS  Stoim.,  OUTHOCIIlLEZff/r.,  Cy.m- 
NOPTEUNUS  LoZiO,  LyRONEURUS  LoetO,  rLAOIOXEURUS  Loeic,  Lian- 

calus  //«/.,  ScELLUs  Loew,  IIydropiiorus  Fall,  Campsicnemus 
Hal,  TniNOPiiiLUS  Wahlh.,  Peodes  Loeto,  Aciialcus  Hal.,  Sys- 
TENUs  Loeio,  Syntormon  Loeio,  Synartiirus  Loew,  Porpiiyrops 
3Ieiff.,  Rhapiiium  Aleig.,  Xipiiandrium  Hal,  IIaltericerus 
Rund.,  Smiliotus  Loeio  (=  Machserhim  Hal.),  Argyra  Macq., 
Leucostola  Hal,  Xematoprootus  Locxo,  Saucropus  Loew,  Xa\- 
TiiociiLORUs  Loew,  Sympycnus  Loew,  Teitciiopiiorus  Loew,  Ankp- 
sius  Loew,  EuTARSUs  Hal,  Diapiiorus  Meig.,  Ciirysotus  Meig., 
CiiRYSOTiMUS  Hal,  Medeterus  Fisch.,  Apiirosylus  Hal. 

The  N.  A.  genera  which  I  am  acquainted  with  aie  :  Psilopus 
Meig.,  IIyoroceleutiius  L^oexo,  Doliciiopus  Meig.,  Taciiytueciius 
Stann.,  Gymnopternus  Loew,  Plauiuneurus  Loew,  Liancalus 
Hal,  Scellus  Jjoew,  Campsicnemus  Hal  Synartiirus  Loew, 
Porpiiyrops  Meig.,  Argyra  Mac<j.,  Leucost)La  VmI,  Saucropus 
Loew,  Xantiiociilorus  L.ocw,  Diapiiorus  Meig.,  Lyruneurus 
Loew,  Ciirysotus  Meig.,  aud  Medeteuus  Fisch. 

Fam.  XXXII.  OESTIIIDAE. 

Charact. — Antennrc  inserted  in  rounded  pits  ;  the  middle  part  of  the  face 
exceedingly  narrow  ;  the  opening  of  the  mouth  very  small ;  the  oral 
organs  rudimentary.     Tegulse  large. 

This  family  has  often  been  considered  as  very  distant  from  the  fol- 
lowing, but  the  late  discoveries  have  brought  to  light  forms  which 


St 

'i 

•y 

I 


,1 


DEXIDAE. 


33 


are  more  nearly  related  to  tliera.  The  following:  p:eiiera  may  be 
taken  for  those  which  constitute  the  family:  Thypoderma  Wied. 
(=  Cuterehra  Clark),  (.'Ei'irAU)MYrA  lAitr.,  Cephenemyia  L<dr., 
llYroDEUMA  Clark,  CtAstrus  Mei(j.,  Aulacephala  Mocq.  and 
Ctenostylum  Mdcq.  A  thoronjijh  limitation  of  these  genera  is 
still  wanted,  and  the  name  of  Oestrus,  instead  of  being  dropped,  as 
wc  see  it  done  by  some  authors,  may  perhaps  be  again  restored  to 
its  former  rank. 

I  have  seen  X.  A.  species  of  the  genus  Thypodeuafa,  and  others 
of  the  genera  Cepiialomyia  and  (Jastiius,  introduced  in  America 
from  Europe.  There  is  no  doubt  that  species  of  IIypoderma 
occur  there  also. 


le  face 
^e  oral 

e  fol- 
kvhicli 


Fam.  XXXIII.  DEXIDAE. 

f'haracK — Bristle  of  the  anteini;e  hairy  or  pectinated.  Thorax  short. 
First  posterior  coll  of  the  wing  slightly  oi)ened,  sometimes  closed. 
Tegulse  large.     Legs  long. 

The  family  Dexidiie  agrees  with  the  Tachinidse,  Sarcoiyharjtdse, 
^[uscidce,  and  Anthomyidoe,  in  having  the  tegulaa  lai'ger  than  any 
of  the  following  families  of  the  Brach;icera.  These  five  families 
liave  been  therefore  united  under  the  name  of  Mnscarioe  adi/ptnitse, 
and  contrasted  with  the  following,  called  Muscanse  ucalyptnitse. 
There  is  no  possibility,  it  seems,  to  discover  any  other  constant 
character ;  that  which  appears  the  most  serviceable  was  pointed 
out  to  me  by  Mr.  llaliday;  it  is  the  transverse  suture  of  the 
thorax  being  usually  of  the  same  depth  on  its  whole  extent  in 
the  Mnscarise  caJyptratve,  whereas  in  the  Mitscariw  actdyptrofix  it 
is  generally  distinct  at  each  side  and  imperceptible  on  the  middle 
of  the  thorax.  But  a.^  some  families  among  the  so-called  Musca- 
rine acahjptraise  have  the  tegnhü  so  well  developed  as  to  resemble 
ihose  of  many  Anthoinyidiv,  a  higli  importance  cannot  be  attached 
to  that  subdivision.  Should  it  l)e  maintained,  the  tkstridsc  ought 
to  be  placed  among  the  Muscaruv  calyptratw. 

The  four  families  :  DexidrT,  Tachimdiv,  Sarcophniidtr,  and  Mus- 
cidne,  agree  in  the  first  posterior  cell  being  very  much  narrowed  or 
closed  at  the  end,  and  dilfer  in  this  from  the  family  Anthowijidse. 
The  former  have,  for  this  reason,  been  comprised  under  the 
coaimon  name  of  Creophilee,  in  opposition  to  the  latter,  which 


'    "'■V'til 


84 


DIPl'ERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


p;,- ■■(.•!!■ 


I 


recoivcd  the  name  of  AnfhopkUue.  The  differences  in  the  orjjani- 
Kation  of  tl>e  Muscarise  cdlyplratx  are  much  smaller  than  those  of 
any  two  families  among  the  first  series  of  Diptera  hrachycera, 
which  ends  with  the  TachydronddfK,  with  the  sole  excei)tion  of  the 
group  formed  by  the  IfyhotiJiie,  Eiiij)i(I(x',  and  Tuchyr/romidap,  \n 
which  a  similar  relationship  exists.  Consequently  the  families  in 
question  here  owe  their  existence  much  more  to  the  immense 
number  of  species  and  genera  than  to  a  real  necessity,  based  on 
differences  of  structural  characters.  Hence  it  is  much  more  diffi- 
cult to  define  their  limits,  and  one  must  already  be  well  acquainted 
with  a  great  number  of  forms,  in  order  to  attempt  to  i)oint  out  wilh 
certainty  the  right  place  for  new  ones.  In  the  limitation  of  these 
families  I  have  made  use  of  what  has  been  said  about  them  in 
Walker's  British  Uiptera;  for  however  insufficient  I  may  find  it,  I 
know  of  nothing  better  to  be  put  in  its  place. 

In  the  family  of  Dexidse  a  number  of  genera  have  been  already 
formed ;  as  they  still  require  considerable  sifting  and  a  much 
sharper  limitation  than  they  have  at  present,  it  seems  useless  to 
enumerate  them  here. 


The  N.  A.  Dexidse  known  to  me  cannot  all  be  placed  in  the 
genera  hitherto  erected.  The  species  about  whose  position  there 
is  no  doubt  belong  to  the  genera:  Prosena  Si.  Farg.,  Micropii- 
THALMA  Macq.,  DiNERA  Ruh.  Desv.,  and  Estiieria  Rub.  J)esv. 
There  is  also  no  doubt  about  Trichodura  Mucq,  and  MEOAPROiio- 
pus  Macq.  occurring  in  N.  A. 


m  /t' 


^^!.:M 


Fam.  XXXIV.  TACIIINIDAE. 

Charact. — Bristle  of  the  antennae  bare  or  with  a  very  shc.t  pubescence. 
Tliorax  sliort.  First  posterior  cell  closed  or  only  slightly  oijonod. 
Legs  short. 

The  immense  extent  of  this  family  renders  the  formation  of  sec- 
tions indispensable.  It  is  best  divided  into  four  seelions,  which 
might  perhaps  be  raised  into  families.  The  two  first  of  them  are 
the  Tnchinina  and  Ocypterina,  both  of  which  differ  from  the  two  last 
by  their  abdomen  being  beset  with  long  bristles.  All  Tachinina 
have  an  oval  abdomen,  or  when  it  is  nearly  cylindrical,  its  first 
segment  is  much  shortened.  The  abdomen  of  the  Ocyptkrina  is 
always  of  a  slender  cylindrical  form,  and  its  first  segment  elongated. 


SAUCOPHAGIDAE — MUSCIDAE. 


85 


The  third  section,  the  Oymnosomina,  has  a  broad  front  and  a 
vaulted  abdomen.  The  fourtli  is  that  of  the  Pifasina,  having  a 
very  narrow  front  and  a  tiat  abdomen. 

My  knowledge  of  the  N.  A.  Tackinidse  is  a  very  incomplete  one. 
I  know,  however,  the  following  genera:  I.  Tachinina:  1.  Dejeania 
Roh.  Desv.,  2.  EciliNoMYiA  Meig.,  3.  Jurinea  Hob.  Desv.,  4. 
Hystricia  3Iaeq.,  5.  Micropali'us  Macq.,  G.  Gonta  MeUj.,  1. 
NEMORiEA  Rob.  Desv.,  8.  Blepharipeza  Macq.,  9.  Belvoisia  Rob. 
Desv.,  10.  Tachina  Meig.,  11.  CiiRYSOSOMA  Macq.,  12.  Metopia 
Me.ig.,  13.  Miltoqramma  Meig.,  14.  Ilugera  Rob.  Desv.,  15. 
Masicera  il/rtCfy.  II.  Ocypterina:  16.  OcYPi'ERA  Za<>'.  TIL  Gym- 
Hosomiaa:  17.  Gymnosoma  i'W/.  \Y.  Phnsina:  1 8.  PilASiA  Za^r. 
H).  IIyalomyia  Macq.,  20.  Tuichopoda  Latr. 

Fam.  XXXV.  SARCOPHAGIDAE. 

Charact. — Bristle  of  the  antennae  plumose  or  hairy,  with  the  apex  bare. 
First  posterior  cell  only  slightly  opened  or  else  closed.  Tegul» 
large.     Legs  stout. 

All  the  N.  A.  species  I  have  seen  belong  to  the  genera  :  Sarco- 
PIIAGA  Meig.,  Piiryssopoda  Rob.  Desv.,  and  Cynomyia  Meig. 


sec- 
hich 
u  are 
0  last 

IN1NA 

i  first 

INA  is 

'ated. 


Fam.  XXXVI.  MUSCIDAE. 

Charact. — Bristle  of  the  a'-tennae  entirely  plumose  or  pectinated.  Body 
never  slender;  thorax  short.  First  posterior  cell  only  slightly 
opened  or  else  closed  at  the  border  of  the  wing.  Tegulae  large. 
Legs  stout. 

This  family  contains  two  sections:  the  Muscina  with  plumose 
antennae,  and  the  Stomoxyna  with  pectinated  antenna?. 

The  N.  A.  species  which  I  have  examined  belong  to  the  genera: 
MuscA  Linn.,  Pollenia  Rob.  Desv.,  Cyrtoneura  3facq.,  Pyrel- 
LIA  Rob.  Desv.,  LuoiLlA  Rob.  Desv.,  Calliphora  Macq.,  and 
Stomoxys  Geojfr.  The  number  of  species  whiul»  N.  A.  has  in 
common  with  Europe  is  exceedingly  strikinr,'  in  this  particular 
family. 


v.:i 


86  »iptera  op  north  america. 

Fam.  XXXYII.  aNTUOMYIDAB. 

Charact. — Thorax  with  a  complote  transverse  suturo.  Fourth  longitudi- 
nal vein  straiglit  or  nearly  so,  hence  first  posterior  cell  fully  open. 
Tegiila)  rather  well  developed,  though  in  many  cases  of  no  large 
size. 

The  riches  of  the  N.  A.  Fauna  in  this  family  have  been  very 
little  explored.  I  know  species  of  the  following  genera  only: 
Antiiomyia  Meig.,  Homalomyia  Boiich.,  IIylemyia  Macq.,  Am- 
ciA  Rnb.  Desv.,  LisPE  Latr.,  and  CffiNOSiA  il/e///.  The  notices  of 
!Mr.  Walker  about  the  occurrence  of  some  species  of  Erij)hiu  and 
of  one  Dialyta  appe«  •  to  me  very  uncertain.  • 


it 


'm 


:■( 


"■•■■;  i, 


Jlr*|: 


Fam.  XXXVIII.  COr»I)YLURIDAE. 

Charact. — Neuration  of  the  wings  complete  ;  hoth  posterior  hasal  cells  of 
cor.siderable  size  ;  auxiliary  vein  well  separated  from  the  first  lon- 
gitudinal vein  ;  first  longitudinal  vein  hare.  Whole  lateral  horder 
of  the  front  bristly;  anterior  border  of  the  mouth  with  strong, 
usually  numerous  vibrissa.    Tibia?  with  spurs. 

With  the  Cordyhiridse  we  begin  that  division  of  Diptera  which 
is  called  ncalyptratse,  and  the  systematical  arrangement  of  which 
is  still  and  will  be  an  unsolved  problem,  till  their  structure  has 
been  much  more  thoroughly  studied  than  has  been  hitherto  the 
case.  In  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge  their  subdivision  into 
a  greater  number  of  families  seems  to  be  the  most  advisable  course 
to  pursue. 

As  for  their  exterior,  the  Cordyluridse,  mostly  approach  to  tiie 
Anthomyidve,  and  namely  to  the  species  of  the  genus  CoenosUi,  but 
the  smaller  size  of  their  tegula)  and  the  less  incomplete  develop- 
ment of  the  transverse  suture  on  their  thorax  serve  to  distinguish 
them.  On  the  other  side  they  are  closely  allied  to  the  Helomyzidoe, 
in  which,  however,  the  front  bears  bristles  on  its  upper  half  only, 
the  two  posterior  basal  cells  are  smaller,  and  the  costa  of  the  wings 
is  always  brisily. 

N.  A.  possesses  species  of  Cordylura,  some  of  them  very  inter- 
esting, and  a  number  of  ScATOPiiAGiE  among  which  several  coin- 
cide with  European  species. 


>'-i>i, 


,1 

-  \ 


tue 

nit 

op- 

:uish 

idle, 

)nly, 

rings 


nter- 
,'oin- 


UELOMYZIDAE — SCIOMYZIDAE, 


Fam.  XXXIX.   IIELOMYZIDAE. 


87 


Cliarar/. — Neiiration  of  the  wings  complete  ;  costa  bristly;  first  lontritndi- 
iial  vein  not  nlibreviated,  but  bare  :  the  auxiliary  vein  is  often 
rather  approximated  to  it.  Front  bristly  on  its  ujjpiM-  half  only  ;  a 
stout  bristle  at  each  side  of  the  anterior  horde''  of  the  mouth.  All 
the  tibis  with  spurs  and  outwards  before  their  tips  with  a  more  or 
less  developed  erect  bristle. 

The  close  relation  of  the  Ilclomijzidiv  to  the  Cordi/lun'd/v  in- 
duces me  to  assign  tli  in  a  place  here,  altIion<i-li  the  consideration 
of  the  smaller  size  of  their  two  posterior  basal  cells  would  remove 
them  to  a  more  distant  place,  in  the  neij^hhorhood  of  the  dvomy- 
zidse  and  Heteroncnridve.  In  fact  both  families  are  related  to 
the  If  do  III  yzi  die;  but  they  differ  from  them  by  their  having  'he 
first  longitudinal  vein  abbreviated  and  the  auxiliary  vein  lying 
close  by  it,  and  besides  the  I/etc ranciu-idie  have  the  peculiarity  of 
the  costa  of  the  wings  being  without  bristles. 

The  known  X.  A.  species  belong  to  the  genera  IIeix)MVZA  and 
SciKKNOMYZA.  Souie  of  them  are  likewise  identical  with  European 
species. 

Fam.  XL.  SCIOMYZIDAE. 

Charact. — Neuration  of  the  wings  complete  ;  two  posterior  basal  cells  of 
rather  considerable  size ;  auxiliary  vein  well  separated  from  the 
first  longitudinal  vein.  On  tlie  lateral  border  of  the  front  before  the 
.  ertical  bristles  there  are  two  bristles,  one  behind  the  other ;  face 
I  -oportionately  long  without  distinct  furrows  for  the  antennic ;  bor- 
d  n'  of  the  mouth  sharp,  without  vibrissie.  Middle  tibi.-e  wit'i  a 
g  eater  number  of  bristles  at  the  tip  ;  all  the  tibiae  on  the  oatside 
b(  fore  the  tip  with  a  small  iipright  bristle. 

I  know  X.  A.  species  that  belong  to  the  genera  Sepedon,  Teta- 
nocera,  and  Sciomyza.  Some  of  them  are  most  nearly  related  to 
European  species,  others  seem  altogether  identical  with  them.  If 
we  place,  and  we  may  well  justify  our  doing  so,  the  genus  DuYO- 
MYZA  among  the  Sciowyzida',  it  must  also  be  named  as  a  genus 
represented  in  X.  A.;  one  of  the  two  species  of  this  genus  occur- 
ring there  does  not  seem  to  differ  from  the  European  Dryomijza 
iiiilis  Fall.  The  genus  Actora  Mciy.,  which  agrees  with  the 
Seiomyzidse  in  many  characters,  may  be  referred  to  them  without 
any  great  difficulty     but  on  account  of  its  deviation  in  the  struc- 


"    ■. ;; 


[  i 

i. 


I  •'. 


i 


88 


DIITEKA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


^If 


tiire  of  llio  fiifo,  tlio  clinracter  of  the  family  wonUl  hnve  then  to  be 
slightly  altered.     Mr.  Wnlker  has  descriljed  a  N.  A.  species  which 


he  contends  to  belong  to  Actora. 


Fam.  XLI.  PSILIDAE. 

Vluiract. — Body  elongated,  with  short  hairs  and  almost  without  bristles. 
Neiiration  of  the  wings  complete ;  the  auxiliary  vein  lies  close  by 
'.lie  first  longitudinal  vein,  but  diverges  from  it  at  its  end  and  runs 
towards  the  border  of  the  wing ;  by  a  transverse  fold  most  charac- 
teristic in  this  family  running  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  as 
far  as  the  base  of  the  third  posterior  cell,  the  outward  end  of  tlio 
auxiliary  v-in  is  obliterated;  the  posterior  basal  cells  are  very 
large.  Front  with  only  a  few  bristles  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
crown ;  face  receding ;  opening  of  the  mouth  small  and  with  no 
bristles  at  its  border.  Only  the  middle  tibim  have  spurs,  and  all 
the  tibiic  are  without  erect  bristle  on  the  outside. 

This  family  is  represented  in  N.  A.  by  the  genera  Loxocera, 
PsiLA,  and  Chyliza.  The  N.  A.  species,  which  induced  Mr. 
AValkor  to  form  a  new  genus  ProchijUza,  placed  by  him  close  by 
Chyliza,  belongs  to  some  other  family. 


I;  k' : 


Fam.  XLII.  MICIIOPEZIDAE. 

Charact. — Body  slender,  elongated,  with  very  short  hairs  and  very  scarce 
bristles.  Legs  proportionately  short ;  only  the  mildle  tibi;c  have 
spurs,  these  being  generally  very  small  and  weak ;  no  small  erect 
bristle  on  the  exterior  side  of  the  tibia).  Neuration  of  the  wings 
comi)lete ;  first  longitudinal  vein  bare  ;  tlie  auxiliary  vein  is  very 
close  by  it  and  diverj^es  from  it  towards  its  end  only ;  the  two 
posterior  basal  cells  are  very  large.  Front  with  some  bristles  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  crown  only;  bordering  of  the  mouth  without 
vibrissiB.  Last  segment  of  the  abdomen  of  the  female  prolonged 
into  a  blunt,  cylindrical  tube. 

The  family  Micropezidse  comprises  genera  which  differ  among 
each  other,  both  in  the  form  of  the  head  and  the  structure  of  the 
antennie  and  oral  parts.  The  head  is  sometimes  rounded,  some- 
times more  elongated ;  the  bristle  of  the  antennte  is  generally  dorsal, 
but  in  some  genera  apical ;  the  clypeus  sometimes  very  much  de- 
veloped, sometimes  only  rudimentary;  the  palpi  sometimes  large, 
sometimes  small,  but  never  rudimentary.  The  clypeus  being  very 
much  developed  and  the  proboscis  very  much  thickened  in  the 


'  I*  '•■';''"ii''' 


ORTAMPAE. 


80 


poiiiis  Tirnldjitrrd  Mn('(|.,  this  fiimily  approaolips  so  miicli  to  tho 
Ortnlhbr,  tliat  the  l)iir('iu'ss  of  tlie  first  loniritiidiiKil  vein,  tlio 
(liUbreiicc  in  the  structure  of  the  female  ovipositor,  iind  the  corro- 
spondinp:  dilforonee  in  tlie  structure  of  the  male  appi'iidii<res,  must. 
l)e  considered  as  the  chief  characters,  which  distiiifrnish  it  from 
them.  The  Scpsn/tr,  too,  are  rather  nearly  related  to  the  Micro- 
pezidir,  hut  are  distinjruislied  from  th'^n  not  only  l)y  the  structure 
of  tl.o  female  ovipositor,  but  also  by  their  palpi  being  always  rudi- 
inentaiy. 

The  N.  A.  8])ecies  I  know  of  are:  one  true  Caloisata,  nume- 
rous T.KNiAi'TEU/E,  and  two  jMickopkz.i:.  Whether  the  X.  A. 
species  which  Mr.  J\.  Desvoidy  refers  to  the  genus  Nebius,  really 
belong  to  it,  aj)pcars  to  me  most  doubtful,  as  they  seem  to  be 
I'aniaptcrcn  all  together.  The  genus  Lissa  Mci;/.  occurring  like- 
wise in  N.  A.,  in  most  characters  agrees  with  the  Mlrropezldte,  and 
may  provisionally  be  placed  among  them,  till  a  more  convenient 
place  in  the  system  will  be  j)ointed  out  for  it.  The  genus  Eume- 
ToriA  erected  by  Air.  Macquart  on  a  N.  A.  species,  is  also  related 
to  the  latter,  and  may  likewise  obtain  here  a  provisional  i  iace. 
IJoth  these  genera  differ  from  the  great  bulk  of  the  J/icropezidce 
by  having  the  legs  less  slender,  the  tarsi  less  abbreviated,  and  the 
last  segment  of  the  abdomen  not  prolonged  so  as  to  form  a  cylin- 
drical tube. 


the 

Irae- 

fsal, 

de- 

i-ge, 

rery 

the 


Fam.  xliii.  ortalidae. 

'  'Jiaract. — Neuration  of  tlie  wings  complete  ;  auxiliary  vein  separated  from 
the  first  longitui.linal  vein  and  running  to  tlie  border  of  the  wing 
in  tlie  usual  way,  under  an  acute  angle  and  remaining  jierfectly 
distinct  in  its  whole  length;  third  longitudinal  vein  generally 
wi*h  coarse  hairs  ;  two  posterior  basal  cells  large,  and  tin*  outward 
one  frequently  prolonged  in  an  acute  angle.  Front  with  bristles  on 
tho  upper  part  only;  no  vibrissfe  at  the  border  of  the  mouth; 
clypcus  commonly  very  much  developed,  and  proboscis  often  very 
much  thickened.  Middle  tibi.'c  alone  with  spurs  ;  no  tibi»  with 
an  erect  bristle  on  the  exterior  side  before  the  tip.  Ovipositor  of  the 
female  rather  flattened  and  horny,  consisting  of  three  elongated 
segments,  forming  three  drawers  like  those  of  a  telescope,  and  end- 
ing in  a  simple  point. 

The  family  of  Ortalidoi  is  exceedingly  rich  in  variously  shaped 
organizations,  which  caused  a  considerable  increase  of  genera  in 


40 


DIl'l'r.IlA  OF  NOIITII  AMKRICA. 


I 


I. 


i  i; 


■■**-.: 


'f- 


it.  Uiifdrtiiiuiloly  most  uf  tlieni  nre  founded  on  clinrnctors  so  vn- 
ria'ilc  lliiit,  llioy  uro  of  very  little  use,  mid  it  seems  liest  to  retiiiii 
the  (»Id  !iiii|ile  licncrii.  Wv  I'eel  the  more  eoinitclli'il  to  do  so,  iis 
miiiiy  speeies  exist Iii.l^  in  N.  A.  cannot  be  relVirud  to  uny  of  tliü 
modern  j^encrn. 

'I'iie  \\!iui(!  of  the  OrluUiUe  may  convenii'htly  l)e  divided  into 
two  seetions  :  the  iirst,  which  may  be  mimed  Tktanupina,  has  the 
front  more  iironiinent,  the  face  receding',  the  openiiifj^  of  the  month 
rather  small,  the  clypeiis  less  developed,  und  the  ))roljoscis  less 
thieli ;  in  the  second,  the  Outalina,  the  front  is  not  prominent, 
the  elyp<Mis  very  much  developed,  the  opening  of  the  month  much 
wider,  and  the  i)roboscis  much  thicker. 

The  \.  A.  Fanna  possesses  in  Pykuota  a  pjcnns  of  the  first  sec- 
tion, purtieularly  striking,  and  even  somewhat  deviating.  Among 
the  other  N.  A.  OrlaUdw  known  to  mo  there  is  only  one  speeies 
belonging  to  Ckpiiama,  whereas  all  the  rest  belong  to  the  genus 
OiiTAMs,  if  we  take  it,  as  Meigen  did,  in  a  wider  sense,  and  are 
distril)uteil  especially  among  the  genera  Ceroxys,  OrUilts,  litcdlia 
and  Ddphinia^  of  modern  authors. 

Fam.  XLIV.  TJIYFETIDAE. 

Cliiiract, — Neiiratiou  complote  ;  tl»«'  oml  of  tlio  auxiliary  vein  runs  steeply 
to  the  border  of  the  wing  and  becomes  olisolot(> ;  first  Iongitu<linal 
vein  always  with  bristles,  the  tbii'd  fie(iueutly,  the  filth  soiuetiuies  ; 
two  posterior  basal  cells  rather  large,  the  hindmost  is  often  prolonged 
to  a  point.  Front  on  each  side  witli  two  rows  of  bristles,  one  of 
which  is  more  above  and  interiorly,  the  other  below  and  exteriorly. 
Border  of  the  mouth  with  no  vibrissa'.  Clypeus  none  or  rudimen- 
tary. Proboscis  never  incrassated.  Only  the  middle  tibiie  with 
spurs ;  all  tibiie  without  erect  bristle  ou  the  outer  side  l.iefore  the 
tip.  Ovipositor  horny,  consisting  of  three  elongated  retiactile 
segments  like  the  drawers  of  a  telescope,  the  last  of  which  ends  in 
a  simple  point. 

They  are  divided  into  two  sections,  Dactna  and  TiiYrETiNA. 
In  the  former  the  female  abdomen,  before  the  ovipositor,  has  ap- 
parently only  four  segments,  the  Jifth  segment  being  diminutive 
and  entirely  concealed  under  the  lifth  ;  in  the  Trypctina  the  five 
segments  are  all  ecpially  developed. 

As  the  Dacina,  represented  in  Europe  only  by  Dacns  OIccc, 


LONCIIAKIDAE — SAPIIOMY/IDAE. 


41 


wliicli  livi's  on  tlio  olivc-treo,  mid  Pctiifdji/inrii  riij>!hitii,  oxclusivcly 
clciKMidcnt  on  tlie  lomon-trcc,  arc  in  nil  respects  slrun<rers  in  tlie 
Kiiropeiin  I'nunii,  so  tliey  appeiir  to  he  no  unlives  of  X.  A.;  no 
species  of  this  division  1ms  liilliorto  been  noticed  tliere.  The  Trij- 
pcliiui,  on  the  contrary,  are  represenled  there  h\  nninerons,  pnrtly 
very  handsuni(i  species,  all  belonging  to  the  genus  Tuypeta  in 
Meigen's  nnd  Wicdenumn'a  sense. 

Fam.  xlv.  j.oxchaeidak. 

Cli'irart, — Noiivation  comploto ;  tlie  auxilijuy  vein  iiiuh  to  tlio  border  of 
till!  wint?  in  the  usual  way,  umlor  im  acutu  angl«  and  without  be- 
coming obsolete,  and  is  very  near  to  tiie  tlint  longitudinal  vein  ; 
this  vein  is  bare  ;  the  two  posterior  basal  cells  arc  small.  Front  at 
oacli  Hide  with  a  single  row  of  bristles  ;  border  of  the  jnoiith  with- 
out vibrissa) ;  clypeus  rudimentary.  Miildlo  tibife  witli  spurs  ;  all 
tibi;c  without  erect  bristle  on  the  exterior  side  before  the  tip.  The 
ovi])ositor  of  the  female  consists  of  three  joints  and  is  rather  horny, 
quite  llattened,  and  ends  in  a  sinii)le  point. 

They  are  divided  into  the  PALLorTKUiXA  luiving  more  slender 
logs  nnd  u  broader  front,  and  the  LoncHvEina  with  stouter  legs 
and  a  more  narrow  front. 

There  is  only  one  species  in  N.  A.,  that  I  know  of,  belonging 
to  the  genus  Palloptera  :  of  the  second  division  I  have  several 
species  of  Loncii^ea,  a  part  of  which  seem  to  be  identical  with 
European  species. 

Fam.  XLVI.  SAPUOMYZIDAE. 

Charai't. — Neuration  complete ;  auxiliary  vein  of  the  usual  structure,  fre- 
'liiiMitly  very  much  approximated  to  the  lirst  longitudinal  vehi ; 
costa  of  the  wings  without  l)ristles  or  marginal  spine  ;  longitudinal 
veins  without  peculiar  hairs  ;  posterior  basal  cells  small.  Front 
with  a  singhj  row  of  bristles  on  each  side  ;  no  vibrissa;  on  the  border 
of  the  mouth  ;  clypeus  rather  rudimentary.  Only  the  middle  tibiie 
have  terminal  spurs  ;  all  tibi;e  with  a  .small  erect  bristle  on  the 
exterior  side  before  the  end.     Ovipositor  of  the  female  not  horny. 

N.  A.  has  numerous  species  of  the  genera  Sapkomvza  and 
Lauxan'ia,  and  a  few  species  belonging  to  Pacuyceuina  Macq., 
a  genus  detached  from  Luaxonia. 


':    W 


'-'■I 

f-h 

■  -  V. 

¥v. 

.           *! 

d 

w 

1 

p|) 

49 


PIPTEHA  Ol    NOUTIt  AMEUICA. 


'I  " 


Fam.  XLVII.   I'll VCODHOMI DAE. 

Charact, — Thorax,  Hcutflliiin  and  aliddinon  Hat;  pluuiw  cxnist'tl  nbovo  the 
coxM-,  Front  hristly;  lionh-r  of  the  mouth  hairy,  witli  no  disliiict 
viliriss.'i'.  liCgH  stout,  tiliia'  with  spurs  ami  cadi  u'itli  an  i-rcct  hair 
or  small  bristlo  on  tho  outsido  lidoro  tho  tip  ;  the  (Irnt  Joint  of  the 
jiostcrior  tarsi  not  ahhrcviatcil ;  last  joint  of  all  tarsi  onlar^Mfd,  with 
stout  claws  and  long  piilvilli.  Nouration  of  tin»  wings  uoiiipltito ; 
auxiliary  vein  distinct  in  its  wliolu  length;  costa  without  bristloH ; 
basal  I'tdls  not  small. 

A  certain  roscMiiUlaiuH!  with  tlic  Jiorhorultc  can  l)y  no  nioaius  he 
ovcrlonlvc'd  ;  however,  tiio  I'/ii/c'idroiiin/ff  are  roailily  (listiii<fiiishc(l 
hy  tlie  eonipieteiiess  of  tlie  auxiliary  vein,  tho  ahseiiee  of  tlie  vibrissas 
so  reniarival)lo  in  tlioso,  by  tlic  first  joint  of  the  posterior  tarsi  not 
beinj?  abltrcviated,  and  by  the  increased  size  of  the  last  joint  of  nil 
torsi.  Tliey  appear  to  have  more  true  relation  to  the  Jfclomyzidw, 
bnt  from  I'lese  too  they  are  snflieiently  distinguished  by  tlic  costa 
of  the  wings  having  no  bristles  and  the  border  of  the  mouth  having 
close  hairs,  but  no  real  vibrissie. 

Of  this  family  I  have  seen  only  one  CffiLOPA  cajUnrod  in  N.  A. 
It  was  remarkable  by  the  exceedingly  strong  spines  of  its  legs. 


> 


Ch 


.  '-t  :.'■ 


Fam.  XLYIII.  IIETETlOXEUniDAE. 

Charact. — Ntnirati<*n  of  tho  wings  complete,  bnt  i\u'  first  longitudinal  vein 
rather  short,  and  tlu«  auxiliary  vein  very  much  ajiproxiuiated  to  it ; 
costa  without  bristles  ;  basal  cells  small.  Front  with  long  bristles  ; 
border  of  tho  moutli  with  a  vibrissa  at  each  sido  ;  dypeus  not  deve- 
loped ;  palpi  broad  and  proportionately  large».  Legs,  and  especially 
the  tarsi,  slender  ;  middle  and  posterior  tarsi  with  spurs  ;  all  the 
tibiic  without  erect  bristlo  on  the  exterior  sido  before  the  tips;  claws 
and  pulvilli  very  small. 

I  know  five  X.  A.  species  of  this  family,  four  of  which  belong  to 
the  genus  Heteroneuka  J/e/</. ;  the  fifth  cannot  be  conveniently 
placed  in  any  of  the  genera  as  yet  established. 


cor 
rat: 
api 
pro 

fon 

1 

Ne: 
spe 


li  /■  '.'.  f!' 


1'-^* 


>l::-2'. 


ally 

the 

;lawfi 


Ü 


orOMYZIUAE — KEI'HIDAE. 


Fam.  XI ax.  OPOMV/IDAK. 


48 


i'lidrurl. — Front  witli  stout  luistlcs  iiViovn  ;  clypi-uH  nulinn'iitary  ;  boidtT 
of  tliii  iiioutli  oitlier  puboHceiit  or  witli  long  Imirs,  tho  foriMiiost  of 
wliiiih  .«otiR'thiicH  I'diiiis  a  distinct  vilirissii.  I'robosuirt  nliort ;  jialpi 
ratlicr  small.  Midillo  tiliiu'  with  a  distinct,  jiosterior  til)ia*  with  a 
very  short  spur;  th«*  i-xtcrlor  siiU»  of  the  tihiiu  without  tMcot  small 
bristlo  ht'forti  thu  tip;  claws  and  pulvilli  small.  Wings  oloiigatod 
and  narrow,  with  no  bristles  at  thocosta;  the  axillary  incision  and 
alulai  art)  cither  wanting  or  very  diminutivo.  First  longitudinal 
vein  much  abbrciviated  ;  the  auxiliary  vein  becomes  obsolete  before 
reaching  riunjiletely  the  first  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  latti'r  emits, 
shortly  before  its  eml,  towards  the  costa,  a  branch,  whicli  may  lie 
considered  as  the  eml  of  the  auxiliary  vein ;  basal  cells  small. 

No  species  boluiiying  to  this  family  lias  as  yet  boon  noliced  in 
X.  A. 


Fam.  L.  SEPSIDAE. 

Chnrdcl. — Head  rounded;  front  bristly:  border  of  the  mouth  more  or  less 
liairy,  the  foremost  hair  often  imitating  a  vibrissa ;  clypous  rudi- 
mentary; proboscis  short;  palpi  exce(!dingly  small  or  wanting. 
Abdomen  ta])ering  towards  the  base.  Middle  tibia?  with  distinct 
spurs;  claws  and  pulvlUi  small.  Neuration  of  the  wings  complete; 
the  auxiliary  vein  distinctly  separated  froni  the  lirst  longitudinal 
vein  ;  the  two  posterior  basal  cells  rather  large. 

Tlie  most  essential  cbaractcr  of  this  family  is  the  rtitlimciitary 
contlition  of  tlie  palpi.  With  this  exception  its  characters  are 
rather  similar  to  those  of  the  MicropeznUc.  The  genus  CephuUn 
approaches  very  much  the  St'psidce  in  structure,  hnt  its  incrassated 
proboscis,  its  large  and  broad  palpi,  and  its  considerably  develoj)ed 
clypous  prevent  it  from  being  reunited  with  them ;  it  must,  there- 
fore, remain  among  the  OrUiUdce. 

The  species  of  Sepsiikc  occurring  in  X.  A.  belong  to  tlie  genera 
XemoI'dda  and  Sepsis,  and  are,  in  i)art,  identical  with  European 
species. 


t 


\ 


I' 


t      il 


•i  ■  ''•i'li'i 


;:t . 


,n'i 


.i:i 


f«'-> 


■^: 


:i  ; 


If 


44  DIl'TERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICxV. 

Fam.  LI.  DIOPSIDAE. 

Characi. — Neiiration  of  the  win;"'  incomplete  f'oin  dio  absence  of  the 
fore-most  01  the  two  sni.ai  basal  cells  ;  the  auxiliary  vein  very  mucii 
apiiroximated  to  the  lirst  longitudinal  vein.  Head  prolonged  iu 
two  lateral  apophyses  bearing  the  eyes ;  front  bristly  only  on  the 
upjier  part ;  border  of  the  mouth  witli  no  vibrissie.  Anterior  femora 
incrassated. 

One  si)e('ies,  or — if  tlio  second  one.  described  by  Dr.  A.  Fitcli, 
should  rciilly  prove  different — two  sjj'jcies  of  tlie  genus  SriiYRACJi- 
riiALA  Siiy  have  hitherto  been  found  iu  N.  A. 


Fam.  LII.  riOrillLIDAE. 

Cliaract. — The  auxiliary  vein,  on  its  whole  length,  is  coalescent  with  the 
fust  U>ngitudinal  vein;  wi.h  this  exception  the  neuratiou  of  the 
wings  is  complete.  Front  with  some  smnll  bristles  above  only  ;  bor- 
der of  the  mouth  with  a  vvbrissa  on  each  side  ;  clypeus  rudimentary; 
legs  rather  stout,  almost  of  the  structure  of  those  of  the  Scioiiiijzldie; 
middle  tibi.x'  with  spur.-,;  all  the  tibiie  without  erect  bristle  on  the 
exterior  side  before  the  tip. 

The  three  X.  A.  species  of  PioniiLA  which  I  have  seen  arc  quite 
identical  willi  European  ones;  a  fourth  dilfers  so  much  from  all  the 
known  Piopln'he  in  the  form  of  the  head  and  the  structure  of  the 
antennic,  that  it  must  be  considered  as  the  type  of  a  now  genus. 
It  seems  to  be  the  same  species  on  whicli  .Mr.  ^Valker  has  founded 
his  genus  PROCiiYLir'^A ;  if  that  be  really  so,  he  would,  by  assigning 
it  a  place  immediately  by  Chyliza,  have  shown  that  he  had  i)een 
fully  mistaken  about  its  true  relation. 


Fam.  LIII.  EPIIYDRIXIDAE. 

Characi. — Face  convex,  with  no  distinct  furrows  for  the  reception  of  the 
antennw  and  without  vibrissje,  though  fre<iuently  beset  with  hairs  or 
biistles  ;  clypeus  very  much  developed ;  opening  of  the  mouth  large ; 
proboscis  incrassated  with  a  swollen  chin.  Neuratiou  of  the  wings 
incor,ii)lete ;  the  auxiliary  vein  distinct  only  at  its  base;  the  fore- 
most of  the  two  small  l)asal  cells  reunited  with  the  discal  cell. 
Miildle  tibi»  with  spurs. 

They  arc  divided  into  three  sections :  NotiphUina,  Ihjdrdliaa, 
and  Ki>hijdriaa.     The  Nulipliillna  are  characterized  by  the  second 


m 


OEOMYZIDAE — DROSOPHILIDAE. 


45 


joint  of  tlic  antentifc  bei'nf^  nngniciilatc.  The  JfijdroUinn  nntl 
J-^p/n/rlrinn,  in  which  that  joint  is  not  unguiciihitcd,  dilVcr  from 
each  other  by  the  foraicr  having  the  eyes  hairy  and  tlie  latter 
bare. 

The  X.  A.  species  hitherto  recorded  have  been  so  badly  charac- 
terized that  there  is  no  possibility  to  decide  to  which  section,  and 
of  course  far  less  to  which  genus  they  belong.  The  species  which 
I  am  acquainted  with  and  '.ave  described  in  the  following  pages, 
are  distributed  among  the  three  above  named  sections  as  follow-  ; 

1.  NoliphiUna:    1.   Dicii^P-TA  il/e/^.  with  two  European  species; 

2.  NoTii'iiiLA  Fall.  Gve  species ;  3.  Paraumna  Loc^v,  one  species ; 
4.  Fkilgpa  i^«//.  five  species;  5.  Discoceuina  il/acy.  five  specits. 
II.  Jlydrelliiia:  G.  TIydrellia  7^(?.s?'.  six  species;  7.  Philyuria 
ÄCHÄ.  three  species.  III.  Epiii/drina:  8.  Ociitiiera  Z«<?-.  four 
species,  one  of  which  is  identical  with  a  European  species;  9. 
lUiAcriYDEUTERA  Loew,  one  s})ecies ;  10.  Parydha  Stenh.  two 
species;  11.  IOpiiydra  Full,  one  species;  12.  Scaxelt,a  J)esv. 
three  species,  one  of  which  cannot  be  positively  distinguished  as 
yet  from  a  European  species. 


Fam.  liy.  geomyzidae. 

Characi. — Front  with  stout  bristles  above;  bonier  of  the  montli  with  vi- 
brissre.  Clypous  rudimentary.  Middle  tibire  with  sjiurs ;  all  the 
tibi.-e  with  a  small  erect  liair  on  the  exterior  side  bei'oie  the  tip. 
Wings  with  bristles  on  the  costa ;  first  longitudinal  vein  exceed- 
ingly abbreviated,  and  the  auxiliary  vein  so  approximated  to  it 
that  it  is  distinctly  separated  from  it  only  towards  the  base ;  the 
two  posterior  basal  cells  very  small. 

I  ku<i\v  only  one  s;  ecies  of  this  family  indigenous  in  X.  A.  and 
l)elonging  to  the  genus  Diastata.  ]Mr.  Walker  records  an  insect 
whicli  ho  believe«  to  be  likewise  a  Diastata. 


Fam.  LV.  DROSOPHILIDAE. 

Charact. — Front  wltli  bristles  above;  faiM^  with  distinct  sub-antennal  far- 
rows ;  at  the  border  of  the  mouth  there  is  a  feeble,  freijncut! y  rather 
indistinct  small  vibrissa.  Middle  tibi.-e  with  very  feeble  siinrs;  on 
the  exterior  side  of  the  tibiie  there  is  either  a  very  small  or  no  erect 
bristle  before  the  tip.     Wings  without  bristles  on  the  costa;  the 


46 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


first  lon^^itudinal  vein  is  exceedir;,!/  abbrevi.;tH(l ;  of  the  auxiliary 
vein  tliere  is  only  a  rudiment ;  the  di.scal  cell  is  u^lually,  but  not  in 
all  genera,  united  with  the  foremost  of  the  two  small  basal  cells. 
Claws  and  pulvilli  very  small. 

Xiimcrous  species  of  DuosoniiLA  are  found  in  X.  A.,  some  of 
wliicli  are  perfectly  identical  with  European  species,  and  one  Ste- 
OANA,  tlie  diiference  of  which  from  the  European  Steyana  hypuleuca 
is  at  least  liable  to  doubt. 


V-} 


f" 


I-  'i 


r      :  i 


■  1 '  r : 

tit 

*\ 


Ai 


Fam.  lvi.  oscinidae. 

f'luiracl. — Front  without  bristles,  the  crown  having  only  a  I'ew  short  ones  ; 
border  of  the  mouth  without  vibriss:e,  which,  however,  are  repre- 
sented sometimes  by  a  small  hair  on  each  side.  Middle  tibije  with 
small  spurs  ;  all  the  tibite  without  erect  bristle  on  the  exterior  side 
before  the  tip.  Costa  of  the  wings  without  liristles.  The  auxiliary 
vein  is  completely  wanting;  the  anterior  of  the  two  small  basal 
cells  is  united  with  the  discal  ceil,  the  posterior  one  is  totally 
wanting. 

The  N.  A.  species  of  this  family  known  to  me  are  distributed 
ainonji'  the  genera  Ciilorops,  Crassiseta,  SiniOiNELLA,  Meromyza, 
and  UsciNis.  The  species  described  by  Wiedemann  under  the 
name  of  Jloinalura  plumbella  likewise  belongs  '  ..  the  genus  Sijjho- 
nella.  Macquart  has  established  a  genus,  Ectecei'uala,  on  a 
N".  A.  species,  and  he  says  it  is  nearly  related  to  PUttyccphala  and 
Eurina;  if  that  is  really  the  case,  it  must  also  be  recorded  here. 


Fam.  LVII.  AGUOMYZIDAE. 

Charact. — Front  with  strong  bristles  ;  border  of  the  mouth  with  a  vibrissa 
on  each  side.  Middle  tibice  with  a  terminal  spur;  all  the  tibise  on 
the  exterior  side  without  erect  bristle  before  the  tip.  Wings  with- 
out liristles  on  the  costa;  first  longitudinal  vein  very  short,  and  the 
auxiliary  vein  connected  with  it  at  the  tip ;  basal  cells  existing,  but 
small ;  postiilor  transverse  vein  geneially  far  distant  from  the  bor- 
der of  the  wing. 

The  N.  A.  species  which  I  have  seen  belong  to  the  genera  Agro- 
MY/A,  Luijioptera,  and  .Mimchia. 


V. 


Ch 


whi 
spe 
one 


<:\u 


!i.:v 


?■ 


.J    '    ■  J 

m 


^ 


nth- 

tlie 

.lit 

bor- 

IBO- 


PHYTOMYZIDAE — ASTEIDAE — BOUBORIDAE — rUDUlDAE. 


Fam.  lviii.  piiytomyzidak. 


47 


Charnct. — Front  Lristly ;  Vorder  of  the  month  with  vibrissa  on  each  side. 
Middle  tibiae  with  spurs ;  all  the  tibije  without  erect  bristle  on  the 
exterior  side.  Wings  without  hristlos  on  the  oosta  ;  lirst  longitu- 
dinal vein  very  short ;  auxiliary  vein  connected  with  it  at  the  tip; 
basal  cells  existing,  but  small;  posterior  transverse  vein  wanting. 

The  genus  Phytomyza  is  represented  in  X,  A. 


Fam.  lilX.  ASTE  I  DAE. 

Vharact. — Front  bristly  above;  border  of  the  mouth  with  a  vibrissa  at 
each  side.  Middle  tibim  with  spurs  ;  all  tlie  tibiie  without  erect 
bristle  on  the  exterior  side.  Wings  without  bristles  on  the  costa; 
lirst  longitudinal  vein  exceedingly  short ;  auxiliary  vein  connected 
with  it  only  at  the  tip;  second  longitudinal  vein  very  short-,  two 
posterior  basal  cells  as  well  as  the  posterior  transverse  vein  want- 
ing. 

5(0  N.  A.  species  of  this  small  family  is  as  yet  known. 


Fam.  LX.  BOUBORIDAE 

dharac.t. — Thorax,  scutellum,  and  abdomen  flat ;  front  bristly  ;  face  exca- 
vated, with  a  vibrissa  on  each  side  of  the  border  of  the  mouth  ; 
clypeus  developed;  first  joint  of  the  posterior  tarsi  abbreviated. 
Neuration  of  the  wing  incomplete,  only  a  commencement  of  the 
auxiliary  vein  being  at  best  visible ;  the  hindmost  two  basal  cells 
are  not  complete  in  all  genera. 

N.  .'  se«ms  to  possess  numerous  species  of  the  f?enus  Uorborus, 
which  have  not  yet  been  carefully  compared  with  the  European 
species.  One  species  taken  in  Cuba  is  identical  with  an  African 
one. 

Fam.  LXI.   TilORIDAE. 

('harac.t. — Antenna)  apparently  single  jointed,  witli  a  long  bristle.  Wings 
with  several  stout  veins  running  into  the  costa,  and  tliree  or  four 
weak  ones,  which  run  across  the  surface  of  the  wings  and  are  not 
ci)mpl«steiy  connected  with  the  liindinost  of  the  stout  veins,  from 
which  they  appear  to  issue.     Femora  flattened. 

liaay  species  of  Tiiura  seem  to  occur  in  N.  A. ;  their  form,  as 
fur  as  I  am  acquainted  with  tlieiii,  differs  in  no  way  from  tliat  of 
the  European  ones. 


I 

! 


M 


I 


«A\ 


I 


^.■^■ 


i% 


I,  A  a 

^^ 
111  ,1 

4 

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i 


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ifi; 


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1 

J  ■ 

t. 

:  il  • 

1 

1 

1 

k 

'•iff 

||,:'; 

48  DII'TEBA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


III.    CORIACEA. 

Fam.  lxii.  niPPOnOSCIDAE. 

Charcicl. — Head  flattened;  first  joint  of  all  the  tarsi,  or  at  least  of  the  an- 
terior and  middle  tarsi,  abhreviated. 

N.  A.  possesses  species  of  the  genera  IlirroiioscA  Li'tm.,  Mei.o- 
riiAGUS  Latr.,  Ornitiiomyia  Leach,  and  Olfeusia  Wicd.,  several 
of  which  are  perfectly  identical  with  European  species. 

Fam.  LXIIL  NYCTERIBIDAE. 

Charact. — Head  not  flattened;  first  joint  of  all  the  tarsi  ratlier  long  or 
very  long,  in  comparison  with  the  following. 

One  Strebla  only  and  a  si)ecies  belonging  to  a  new  genus  are 
known  to  me  as  occurring  in  X.  A. 


(■■  ■ 

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1 

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; 
1   ' 

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lg  or 
3  are 


II. 


ON  THE  KORTII  AMERICAN  TRYPETIDAE. 

1,  Extent  of  the  family  Tuypkthj^i;. 

In  stating  tliat  the  family  of  Trijpi'ildcc  comprises  the  genera 
Tr;ipctci  Meig.  and  Danis  Wied.  v,e  define  its  limits  as  exactly  as 
is  possible  before  having  develo-ped  its  character. 

The  genns  IVypeta  was  founded  by  Meigcn  in  TUl(jor''s  Marfrczinc 
II,  277,  94.  Siiortly  after,  the  same  genus  was  published  in 
Schrunlc's  Funna  Boica  under  the  name  of  Trvpanen,  and  still 
later,  it  apjieared  in  Latroille's  writings,  in  a  more  vague  circnm- 
scri])tion,  under  that  of  Tcphritis. 

The  number  of  species  belonging  to  it  has  so  much  increased 
since  the  time  of  its  creation,  and  so  considerable  differences  in 
their  organization  have  been  observed,  that  not  only  the  limits  of 
the  genus  have  become  a  little  uncertain,  but  also  the  necessity  of 
a  division  into  smaller  genera  was  felt,  and  more  than  one  attempt 
to  satisfy  this  want  has  l)een  made. 

The  first  attempt,  abortive  both  from  the  choice  of  unfit  charac- 
ters and  from  the  vagueness  of  the  observations  used  as  foundation 
for  the  characters,  was  made  by  Ilobineau  "Oesvoidy,  who  distri- 
buted the  species  known  to  him  among  the  genera  Eiisina,  Sfi/fia, 
0.rijn(t,  O.rijp/iora,  TcrelUti,  Forellüt,  Xi/phosi<i,  Sitarid,  OrcUia, 
Teplmlis,  Urophora,  Aciiira,  PrioncJJa,  Sphenelht,  UrcNia,  Achiia, 
antl  Na'eta,  to  which  his  genera  AciiUa  and  Strauzia  must  be  also 
added. 

Subsocj'iently  Macvpiavt  reunited  these  genera  into  five  :  Uropho- 
ra,  TvrclJia,  Tephritis,  Aciiu'a,  and  Kimiui,  to  which  he  added  the 
genus  Cerdtitis  .M'Leay,  which  he  had  previously  described  himself 
under  the  name  of  PetaJophura.  Ijater,  in  the  "Diptvrcs  exotüpies," 
he  added  Acanthonein-a,  Campyloceni,  ]\lcrav((ntJia,  I'oxiira,  and 
Epirprellit ;  the  four  last,  however,  if  we  may  depend  on  his  de- 
pcrii)tions  and  figures,  must  be  placed  among  the  Ortdllda-. 

Mr.  Walker,  in  the  "  List  of  the  Diptera  of  the  IJritish  Museum," 
adopted  the  genera  of  R.  Desvoidy,  after  modifying  the  characters 


>  1 


i 


I 


i  ^' 


vm 


irc^ 


;  rt:  ^ 


50 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


iHf 


r 


;■?':!(•. 


1 ;  i 


li  # 


of  several  of  them,  a..d  retained  tlie  genera  Anomoia  and  Euleia, 
wliicli  lie  had  previously  founded  liimself;  besides,  he  erroneously 
broupht  again  among  the  Tnjpetidcn  the  genus  Camptoneuru,  which 
Ma('(iiiart  had  formed  on  Trypeta  picta  Wied.,  and  correctly  placed 
among  the  Ortulidce, 

The  most  recent  attempt  at  a  detailed  classiGcation  of  the  Eu- 
ropean species  of  the  old  genus  Trypeta  is  that  given  by  Rondani 
in  his  "ProdroniKS  Dipterologue  italicfe.''''  lie  retains — though  iu 
a  much  altered  sense — the  genera  of  11.  Desvoidy :  O-ryna,  Uro- 
phoni,  Jiivelh'a,  Tephrilia,  Acinin,  Aciura,  TereUia,  and  Orellia, 
and  adopting  the  genus  Ceratitis  ]N[.  Leay  and  Myopites  Breb.,  he 
creates  the  following  new  genera:  Gom'yhsstun,  Qirpomyia,  Cera- 
jocera,  Clietostoma,  Epidcsmia,  Myolrja,  Sputludhui,  Diiliryca,  and 
Oplochela.  Hut  these  genera  are  less  fit  for  reuniting  what  is 
really  allied,  than  for  isolating  out  of  their  nearest  relationship 
such  species  as  are  distinguished  by  any  specific  peculiarity  and  for 
crowding  them  inordinately  together.  Tlie  dichotomic  division  of 
genera  from  single  characters  without  any  indication  of  the  true 
generic  distinctions,  renders  it  impossilile  to  refer  to  them  the 
other  species  described  by  authors,  and  it  is  not  at  all  sufficient 
for  this  purpose  to  name  a  typical  species,  especially  as  some  of 
these  typical  species  have  not  yet  been  described,  and  the  correct- 
ness of  the  names  of  the  others  is  not  proved.  Moreover,  the 
characters  ascribed  by  Rondani  to  the  single  genera  are  not  all 
quite  certain,  and  some  of  them,  for  instance  the  scutellum  of 
Myolrja,  which  is  said  to  have  two  bristles,  the  scutellum  of  Cera- 
titis six  bristles,  appear  to  be  errors  of  the  observer. 

If  we  add  to  what  we  have  said  already  that  the  genera  Xar- 
nuta,  77icmara,  Calantra,  and  Arayara,  erected  by  Walker  in  the 
"Proceedings  of  the  Linnoian  Society,"  with  some  prol)ability 
belong  here,  and  that  perhaps  the  genus  Dasyncura  Saund.,  and 
Rachiptera  and  Elaphroinyia  Bigot  are  Trypetidce,  both  the  va- 
riety of  the  forms  belonging  to  the  genus  Trypeta  Meig.  and  u 
picture  of  the  chaotic  state  into  which  their  arrangement  has  been 
thrown  will  be  sufficiently  illustrated. 

The  genus  Daciis,  restricted  by  Meigen  to  the  Dacus  Oleu- 
Fabr.  (the  renowned  blight  of  the  olive)  and  used  by  Wiedemann 
in  a  wider  sense,  is  nearest  related  to  the  genus  Trypeta  Meig. ; 
Fabrieius,  who  formed  this  genus,  comprises  so  different  species 
in  it  that  we  may  scarcely  consider  it  as  a  creation  of  his.     IIow- 


cat( 


Olew 
emaiin 
Meig. ; 
pecies 

How- 


division  OF  THE  FAMILY  INTO  TRYI'ETINA  AND  DACINA. 


51 


ever  strikinf?  the  difference  may  be  between  the  greatest  part  of 
the  species  of  Trijpeta  and  the  hirger  naked  species  of  Daciis,  yet 
sonic  of  the  latter  approach  very  much  to  the  hirgcr  species  of 
the  polymorphous  genus  Tnjpetn,  and  show  the  near  relation  of 
both  genera.  Wiedemann,  misled  by  some  I'ri/pcta',  had  become 
uncertain  about  the  limits  between  the  genera  Dacns  and  Trypeta, 
or  he  would  not  have  placed  the  large  Brazilian  Trypeta  paruUela 
among  Dacns.  One  of  the  surest  marks  for  separating  both  gen- 
era is  furnished  by  the  structure  of  the  female  abdouien,  which  in 
Trypeta  shows  five,  in  Dacns  four  segments  before  the  borer,  the 
fifth  being  very  short  and  concealed  under  the  fourth.  None  of 
the  other  character»,  however  marked  they  may  appear,  is  so  con- 
stant as  this.  Macquart  has  already  justly  observed  that  the 
whole  of  the  first  group  of  Dacns  Wicd.  is  not  only  a  stranger  to 
this  genus,  but  cannot  even  remain  in  the  same  family  with  it; 
therefore  giving  it  the  generic  name  of  Scnopfcnna  (which  must  be 
mended  into  Stenopterina),  he  assigned  it  its  right  place  in  the 
Ortalidic,  as  will  be  detailed  in  the  sequel.  Among  the  new  gen- 
era introduced  by  Macquart,  Leptoxys  and  Enicocera,  perhaps  also 
Cardlaccra,  may  be  very  nearly  related  to  the  gonus  Dacus,  which 
cannot  be,  however,  asserted  positively,  on  account  of  the  insuffi- 
ciency of  ]\[acquart's  statements  and  the  incorrectness  of  his  figures. 
The  genus  Bactrocera,  founded  by  Guerin,  seems  also  to  belong 
here.  The  same,  perhaps,  may  be  said  of  the  genera  Itioxa  and 
Stnuneta,  formed  by  Walker  in  the  "Proceedings  of  the  Ijinneau 
Society,"  while  the  genus  Dasynenra  of  Saunders,  which  Walker 
in  the  "List  of  the  Diptera  of  the  British  Museum"  places  near 
Dacns,  seems  to  stand  much  nearer  to  Trypeta. 

The  specii'3  of  the  genus  Trypeta,  and  those  smaller  genera  which 
either  have  been  comprised  in  Trypeta  or  founded  in  its  neigh- 
borhood, together  with  the  species  really  belonging  to  Dacus  and 
the  smaller  genera  subordinate  to  or  co-ordinate  with  it  in  a  simi- 
lar way,  form  the  family  Trypetulce,  one  of  the  group  of  closely 
related  families  of  the  Acalyptera  which  are  characterized  by  their 
corneous  ovipositor. 

2.  Division  of  the  family  into  Trypetina  and  Dacina. 

A  division  in  two  groujjs  may  be  established  as  above  indi- 
cated. The  two  groups  would  be:  Trypetina,  with  five  distinct 
Kegraents  of  the  female  abdomen,  and  Dacina,  with  apparently  four 


r.vv.i 


M 


m 


r- 


s^ 


52 


niPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


'' 


'1  1 


M 


h'i 


seji^niciits.  Tlio  latter,  moreover,  have  some  peculiarities  in  the 
structure  and  neiiration  of  their  winjjs,  wiiich,  however,  allow  of 
no  very  sharp  limitation.  Most  i'reijuently  a  dilatation  of  the 
second  hnsal  cell  and  of  the  space  between  the  third  and  fourth 
lon<ritudinar  veins  (in  consequence  of  which  the  second  longitudinal 
vein  is  pushed  towards  the  costal  margin)  and  the  jjosterior  angle 
of  the  anal  cell  extended  in  a  long  point,  arc  the  most  striking 
pecnliuritics  in  the  slrticture  of  the  wings.  ]>ut  a  sharp  limitation 
of  the  two  groups  is  perhaps  not  to  be  urged  too  much,  as  transi- 
tions from  the  one  to  the  other  are  certainly  not  wanting,  and 
another  division  (piite  as  useful  seems  to  be  possible.  In  the  moan 
time  the  groups  Trtjpefiua  and  JJticiuu,  as  we  have  delined  them, 
are  characterized  as  well  as  our  purjiose  requires.  We  have  now 
to  fix  the  relation  of  the  family  Tri/petlila'  to  the  nearest  families, 
particularly  to  that  of  OrluUihe,  since  almost  all  authors  have  mixed 
the  species  of  these  two  families.  For  this  })urpose  we  want  only 
to  find  out  the  natural  character  of  the  family,  which  cannot  be 
ol)tained  but  from  a  close  examination  of  the  greatest  possible 
number  of  species  and  from  a  careful  a])preciati()n  of  the  system- 
atic value  to  be  assigned  to  the  observed  peculiarities  and  diil'er- 
ences. 


'Mi. 


i?> 


•■  ii 


li!'l' 


3.   Kdtxrol  character. 

After  examining  nearly  300  species  from  different  parts  of  the 
world,  I  believe  I  may  si)eak  as  follows  about  the  organization  of 
the  Tn/pciidce. 

The  bare  eyes,  in  both  sexes,  are  separated  by  the  front,  which 
is  of  equal  ))readth  or  only  a  little  narrowed  anteriorly.  The  mid- 
dle of  the  front  is  not  sharply  separated  from  the  lateral  lists,  but 
has  often  a  diÖerent  color.  The  front  is  even,  usually  with  an 
almost  microscopic,  rarely  with  a  longer  pubescence,  sometimes  it 
is  totally  bare.  On  its  vertical  Ijorder  it  always  bears  two  very 
strong  bristles,  rather  distant  from  each  other.  Two  short  callo- 
sities, usually  little  perceptible,  run  from  them,  converging  but 
faintly  anteriorly,  and  bearing  one  or  two  bristles  directed  upwards. 
On  the  vertical  border  itself  there  are  two  bristles,  each  near  the 
upper  angle  of  the  eye,  and  in  the  middle  behind  the  ocelli  there 
is  another  pair  of  bristles,  sometimes  very  stunted.  This  is  also 
the  case  with  a  pair  of  bristles  directed  anteriorly,  and  inserted  be- 
tween the  ocelli.    More  anteriorly  on  the  front  there  are,  at  each  side 


"^ 


the 
of 


jut 
an 
is  it 
>'ory 
jllo- 
but 
Inls. 
the 
icre 
also 
be- 
side 


I 


NATUKAL  CIIAUACTER. 


68 


of  the  orbit,  two  or  three  stouter  bristles,  but  frenernHy  less  stout 
in  tiie  Dacitia  than  in  tiie  Triijwliiin,  wlicreas  in  tlie  lualcw  of  some 
Triipetina  tiie)  are  tliicl<ene(l  into  spines,  or  even  inserted  upon 
hiteral  processes.  The  little  crescent  cut  oil"  by  the  frontal  fissure 
is  often  very  distinct,  though  never  very  larjre.  The  antenme  are 
directed  downwards,  the  third  joint  elongated  or  long;  the  bristle 
nearly  bare,  or  with  a  very  short  pubescence  ;  only  in  a  few  spe- 
cies it  has  longer  hairs,  but  is  never  pectinated.  The  face  shows 
below  each  antenna  a  flat  excavation,  more  deepened  in  those  few 
species  which  have  a  keel  in  the  middle  of  the  face  ;  the  anterior 
border  of  these  excavations  forms  a  more  or  less  distinct  eleva- 
tion, and  sometimes  almost  a  keel.  The  cheeks  are  more  or  less 
hairy;  in  a  few  7Vy/>f'</««  the  furthermost  hairs  almost  have  the 
appearance  of  viltrissiX),  which,  however,  are  neve;  present.  All 
more  naked  species  have  also  less  hairy  cheeks.  The  proboscis 
is  never  much  thickened;  the  suctorial  flaps  are  sometinies  very 
short  and  rather  broad,  sometimes  rather  long,  sometimes  of  an 
extraordinary  length,  as  for  instance  in  the  species  of  Myopltes 
]3reb.,  where  they  seem  to  become  much  stouter,  which  was  the 
reason  why  a  species  of  3/i/ojf)i(es  was  placed  by  Fabricius  in  Slo- 
mojri/s.  The  prolongation  of  the  suctorial  flaps  is  proportionate 
to  that  of  the  stem  ;  not  unfrequently  in  most  neaiiy  related  species 
the  structure  of  the  proboscis  seems  to  be  very  diflerent;  but  on  a 
closer  examination  this  dill'erence  appears  not  to  be  essential,  and 
cannot  even  always  be  used  in  characterizing  the  small  genera  into 
which  the  genus  IVypeta  Meig.  has  been  divided.  Among  the 
Davitia  I  have  never  seen  a  species  with  a  very  prolonged  pro- 
boscis. The  oral  cavity  is  large,  sometimes  very  large  and  widened, 
and  not  seldom  a  little  prolonged  at  its  anterior  border  ;  its  form 
depends  very  much  on  that  of  the  proboscis ;  for  in  those  si)ccies 
which  have  a  very  long  proboscis,  the  anterior  border  of  the 
mouth  is  usually  also  much  more  projecting.  The  palpi  are  eith  >r 
more  applied  to  or  more  laid  npon  the  labium,  when  it  is  retracted 
into  the  mouth-hole ;  their  form  is  more  or  less  spatulate,  and 
generally  more  elongated  in  those  species  which  have  a  long  pro- 
boscis than  in  those  with  a  short  one.  The  clypeus  owing  its 
origin  to  a  duplication  of  the  skin  which  connects  the  stem  of  the 
labium  with  the  border  of  the  mouth  is  narrow,  and  being  con- 
cealed within  the  mouth-hole  can  only  be  seen  anteriorly  in  those 


|:'M, 


?E- 


54 


niPTERA  OF  Nonrn  America. 


i^.  -i-i 


V'  ■hßl'^ 


iij  ' 


spet'icR  ill  wliich  the  anterior  part  of  the  perialoma  is  more  draw» 
upwards. 

There  is  no  atrikinpf  peciilinrity  in  the  structure  of  the  thorax. 
The  transverse  suture,  in  n};-rifnieüt  witli  nearly  all  the  Aciilypteriv, 
is  distinct  ii:  the  neij^hborhood  of  the  lateral  horder,  and  totally 
obsolete  in  the  middle  of  the  thorax.  Tlie  bristles  of  the  thorax 
not  only  offer  good  specific  characters,  but  sometimes  also  prove 
very  fit  for  the  separation  of  genera.  In  that  respect  the  bristles 
of  the  middle  of  the  upper  side  of  the  thorax  deserve  attention  ;  in 
those  species  in  which  their  number  is  the  most  complete  there  are 
three  jiairs,  one  before  the  suture,  the  second  behind  the  suture, 
the  third  a  little  before  the  seutellum.  More  fixpiently  only  the 
second  and  third  pair  of  these  bristles  ar«:  present,  sometimes  only 
the  third  ;  in  almo>t  all  African  species  of  Dacus  they  are  all 
wanting.  Besides  these  bristles  of  ihe  middle  of  the  thorax  there 
are  two  '  vs  of  bristles  on  each  side;  the  exterior  row  consists  of 
four  bristles,  the  first  of  which  stands  on  the  humeral  callosity,  and 
is  often  wanting  in  the  Daciua;  the  second  has  its  place  before 
the  transverse  suture  ;  the  third,  which  is  often  much  weaker  than 
the  others,  in  the  lateral  diliilalion  of  the  transverse  suture  ;  the 
fourth  above  and  a  little  behind  the  base  of  the  wing.  The  inte- 
rior row  consists  of  three  bristles  oidy,  corresponding  to  the  three 
last  bristles  of  the  exterior  row,  but  is  placed  a  little  more  back- 
wards than  these.  The  seutellum,  whicli  is  more  or  less  convex, 
generally  bears  four  stont  bristles,  but  in  many  Daclna  and  some 
Tnjpctlua  oidy  two;  there  is  sometimes  on  each  side  a  weaker 
bristle  between  the  stuut  ones. 

The  abdomen  of  the  male  shows  only  four  distinct  segments,  the 
last  of  which  is  more  or  less  elongated.  The  abdomen  of  the  female 
1ms  five  segments  before  the  borer,  and  the  last  of  them  in  the 
Tryprtina  is  always  distinct,  whereas  in  the  Dacina  it  is  very 
small,  and  so  concealed  under  the  fourth  segment  that  the  abdomen 
of  the  female  seems  to  consist  only  of  four  segments.  That  seg- 
ment w  Inch  is  usually  numbered  the  first,  and  will  also  be  numbered 
so  in  the  following  descriptions,  seems  to  be  composed  of  two 
segments  soldered  together.  In  many  Dacina  we  also  see  the  next 
segments  more  or  less  completely  coalescent  on  their  upper  side. 
The  borer  of  the  female  is  always  of  a  corneous  substance;  it  is 
formed  of  three  segments,  which  are  retractile  like  the  drawers  of 
a  telescope,  and  often  very  long;  the  last  ends  in  a  simple  more  or 


NATURAL  rriARACTER. 


69 


the 

male 

tlic 

•cry 

mien 

seg- 

lered 

two 

next 

iide. 

it  ia 

rs  of 

•c  or 


I 


less  sliarp  [»oiiit ;  tlie  (irsi  so^^inoiit  is  eillier  more  coiiicnl,  or  more 
cylindrical,  and  then  usually  thick  at  its  hnae,  or  it  is  (|nit<;  Hat; 
in  most  species  it  is  Fiairy,  in  others  it  is  beset  with  hairs  at  tlie  tip 
only;  in  others  niyain  ih  (piitc  bare;  its  length  varies  exceedingly 
in  the  vari<Mis  species;  the  second  and  the  third  segments  of  the 
borer  are  always  bare.  To  the  length  of  tin-  l)()rer  of  the  female 
corresponds  that  of  the  thread-like  junis  of  the  male.  'J'he  hairs 
of  the  body  are  sometimes  line  and  short,  sometimes  coarse  and 
long;  in  the  latter  case  the  posterior  margin  of  the  abdominal 
segments  is  generally  beset  with  bristles,  wliich  in  the  species 
having  fine  and  short  hairs,  are  either  totally  wanting  or  are  pre- 
sent oidy  at  the  ])osterior  borders  of  some  segments,  most  friMpiently 
on  that  of  the  last. 

The  legs  are  always  of  moderate  length,  and  of  a  rather  ro)»ust 
structure ;  they  are  beset  everywhere  with  short  hairs,  which  be- 
come longer  on  the  upper  side  of  the  posterior  tibiie  of  some  species. 
There  are  usually  some  lohL'^er  bristles  on  tiic  under  side  of  the 
anterior  femora,  and  frecpicntly  also  on  their  upper  side  ;  sinular 
bristles  exist  on  the  posterior  femora  of  several  species,  and  some- 
times even  on  the  middle  femora.  The  tips  of  the  middle  tibiic 
arc  always  spurred  ;  otherwise,  the  tibiie  have  no  bristles.  It  is 
very  characteristic  for  all  the  Trijpctida'  that  the  erect  bristles 
arc  totally  wanting,  which  some  allied  families,  for  instance  the 
Sapromtjzldce,  possess  on  the  outside  of  the  tibia},  not  far  from  the 
tip.  The  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  always  prolonged.  The  claws 
and  pulvilly  are  small,  and  of  eijual  form  in  both  sexes. 

The  neuration  of  the  wings  is  that  of  Aatlyptcrit  in  its  highest 
perfection,  and  shows  many  characters  peculiar  to  this  family. 
The  auxiliary  vein  is  separated  from  the  first  longitudinal  vein, 
though  often  approximated  to  it,  especially  in  some  Dacina;  it 
never  runs  in  the  usual  way,  that  is,  at  an  acute  angle  and  with 
equal  distinctness  as  far  as  its  end  or  even  iiicrassating  towards  the 
border  of  the  wing,  but  turns  suddenly  towards  it,  and,  at  the 
same  time,  becomes  much  more  indistinct,  the  more  so  as  the 
space  between  its  end  and  that  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  is 
incrassated.  At  the  place  where  it  runs  into  the  border  of  the 
wing,  the  latter  bears  a  small  marginal  spine,  quite  indistinct  in 
many  species,  and  which  cannot,  therefore,  be  considered  as  one  of 
the  characters  of  the  Trijjxtidce.  Generally  the  whole  length  of 
the  first  longitudinal  vein  is  beset  with  bristles ;  this  is  also  most 


b»«>1 


■,,:'fj 


■I 


I'  •• 


¥; '  m 


66 


DllTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


!    ri'i 


IViMjuoiitly  tlio  case  with  tlio  buso,  or  a  nTciitcr  part,  or  even  the 
whule  leiif^th  of  the  third  lon^itudinni  vein  ;  iiiikIi  mure  suldoiii 
there  are  bristles  oti  tlie  fifth  hxi^itiuiinid  vein.  Tlie  twu  Hiiiall 
Itasal  cells  are  proportionately  large ;  the  posterior  of  them,  i.  e., 
tiie  anal  cell  in  most,  but  not  all  species,  has  its  posterior  angle 
drawn  out  into  a  j)oint.  The  thiekening  of  the  costal  vein  idways 
reaches  to  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein.  The  surface  of  the  wing 
has  in  all  species  a  microscopic  pubescence. 

Krom  the  above  enumerated  structural  pecidiarities  wo  may  de- 
rive the  following  characters  for  the  family  of  Trypetida:: — 

I.  The  borer  of  the  female  is  corneous,  three-jointed,  and  ends  in 
a  simple  ]ioint ;  the  ])enis  of  the  male  answers  the  borer  in 
length,  and  is  thread-liUe  and  not  divided  at  its  end. 

•1.  The  front  is  broad  in  both  se.xes,  and  there  are  stout  bristles  on 
the  anterior  part  of  its  lateral  border,  not  belonging  to  the 
row  which  descends  from  the  vertex,  but  forming  a  separate 
row  which  is  placed  nearer  to  the  lateral  border  of  the  front. 

o.  There  are  spurs  at  the  end  of  the  middle  tibiic,  and  no  bristles 
whatever  on  all  til)iie,  except,  in  a  few  s|)ecies,  bristle-like 
liairs  on  the  upper  side  of  the  posterior  tibiie. 

4.  The  neuration  is  the  completest  among  the  Aaili/ptera  ;  the 
auxiliary  vein  takes  a  steep  turn  towards  the  border  of  the 
wing,  and  becomes  indistinct  towards  its  end. 

4.    On  the  relutiotis  of  tliis  fiDiiily, 

The  family  most  nearly  related  to  the  Trypetidce  is  that  of  the 
OrtaNdcc,  The  two  i)rineipal  characters,  by  which  the  former  are 
disting\nshed  from  the  latter,  are  the  stout  bristles  existing  on  the 
anterior  part  of  the  lateral  border  of  the  front,  and  the  steej)  direc- 
tion in  which  the  tapering  end  of  the  auxiliary  vein  runs  to  the 
border  of  the  wing.  Both  these  characters  are  very  constant ; 
should  it  happen  that  one  of  them  is  less  sharply  ex|)ressed,  the 
other  will  be  the  more  striking,  and  so  an  absolute  certainty  is 
aflbrded  about  the  limits  of  these  two  families,  the  species  of  which 
have  hitherto  been  so  much  mixed  together. 

The  PidlopteridcB  and  Lonchceidce  are  not  quite  so  nearly  related 
to  the  Trypetidie  as  the  Ortalidce.  They  also  want  the  bristles 
on  the  anterior  part  of  the  lateral  border  of  the  front,  and  the 
end  of  the  auxiliary  vein  never  shows  the  peculiarity  which  cha- 


•m^ 


ON  THE  N.  A.  81'ECIE8  IIITIIEU'IO  llKtollDKI). 


67 


ich 

ted 
les 
the 


nu'torizes  tlic  Tnjjtci!il<r,  Mi>rt'ovcr,  their  biisnl  cells  are  snmlhT, 
and  the  first  hjH^'itiidiiial  vein  never  has  any  Iiristh'S,  Imt  (inly  ii 
short  pnbesoencc  like  that  of  the  remainder  uf  the  s^nrfuee  uf  tlic 

The  Ldii.vanlihc  and  Saprnmiiziihe  have  still  less  relation  to  the 
TriipetiiUf,  They  are  readily  distinv:nished  IVoni  the  Tnntctidw  hy 
their  middle  and  hind  tilda'  i>eini^  spurred  with  bristles  before  their 
tip,  and  the  outside  of  the  tiliia;  bearinjj;  an  erect  bristle  before  the 
tip;  the  first  longitudinal  vein  of  the  wings  has  no  bristles,  and 
the  end  of  the  auxiliary  vein  never  has  the  character  jiecnliar  to 
that  of  the  y'ri/pctidn';  the  two  posterior  basal  cells  are  small ;  the 
bristles  on  the  anterior  part  of  the  lateral  liorder  of  the  front  are 
wanting ;  in  this  respect  we  must  not  lie  deceived  by  the  rows  of 
bristles,  which  run  from  the  two  bristles  of  the  vertical  border, 
and  which,  being  more  scattered,  extend  farther  anteriorly;  there 
always  exists  oidy  a  single  row  of  bristles,  whereas  the  frontal  Ijris- 
tles  ill  the  Tnjpctldtc  always  form  two  rows  on  each  side,  one  of 
which  may  be  called  the  superior  and  interior,  the  other  the  inferi(jr 
and  exterior. 

With  the  exception  of  the  families  mentioned  above  there  is  no 
other  so  nearly  allied  to  the  Trypetldu,  that  it  would  be  necessary 
to  point  out  its  differences. 

5.    On  the  N.  A,  species  hitherlo  recorded. 

What  has  been  written  about  the  N.  A.  Trijpetidoi  is  very  little  in 
amount.  No  species  at  all  of  the  section  DncUia  has  been  described. 
I  have,  however,  seen  the  fragments  of  a  fly  captured  in  Cuba, 
which  belongs  either  to  Daciis  or  to  one  of  the  nearest  genera  of 
the  OrhdUUe;  but  as  it  is  one  of  those  osculating  forms  between 
the  two  allied  families,  nothing  can  be  said  with  certainty  about  its 
systematic  place  before  having  seen  a  better  preserved  specimen. 

The  X.  A.  Trypetoi  hitherto  recorded  are  as  follows: — 

1.  acidusa  Walk.^  unknown  to  me,  is  either  a  relation  of  Trtj\).  susiicti^a 

and  uiiicdlnr,  tlie  descriptions  of  wliicli  will  be  given  liereaftor,  or 
belongs  to  those  species  similar  to  them  which  have  the  lifth  longi- 
tudinal vein  also  beset  with  bristles. 

2.  albiscutellata  Ilarr.  must  be  omitted,  since  it  is  undescribed. 

3.  antillarum  Macfj.  belongs  to  the  OriaVuhr,  being  erroneously  placed 

by  Macquart  in  Urophora,  a  genus  of  the  Tiypetina. 

4.  arcuata  Walk,  diflfers  in  nothing  from  Trup.  flexa  Wied.  and  belongs 

to  the  Ortalidx. 


5S 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AIM  ERICA. 


'■{.■'■: 


•■.■:i- 


If. 


•\n 


0. 
10. 

n. 


armata  /?.  Disr.,  published  by  the  author  as  Stntuzia  armata,  is  Tryp. 
loaijipe.niiis  Wied.  %  . 

asteris  llarr.;  the  description  being  unfortunately  inaccessible  to 
me,  I  can  say  nothing  about  it.  The  name  is  preoccujJed  by  Mr. 
Haliday. 

avala  U  «//>•.,  quite  unknown  to  me;  Mr.  Walker's  statements  are  not 
suflicicnt  to  decide  whether  it  belongs  to  the  Orfalidu:  or  not. 

beauvoisii  R.  Denv. ;  the  description  is  too  bad  to  allow  its  true 
position  to  bo  determined  ;  but  it  is  certainly  not  among  the  species 
known  to  mo. 

caiiptera  S<iij  is  Tn/j),  sjximn  Wied. ;  the  ohhn'  name  deserves  the 
preference,  the  more  so  as  that  of  S.ay  is  not  correct. 

cinctipes  llnrr.  is  an  undescribed  species,  and  must  be  therefore 
omitted. 

comma  Wii  d.  a  good  species  and  readily  recognizable ;  not  possessing 
it,  1  cannot  give  a  more  detailed  description  ;  but  having  seen  it  in 
some  collections,  I  subjoin  a  fugitive  sketch  of  the  reticulation  of 
the  v-ing  (Tab.  II,  lig.  28),  trusting  that  by  this  figure  and  Wiede- 
niaiui'.s  description  the  species  will  be  recognized.  It  is  not  quite 
certain  whether  Macquart's  Acinia  comma  is  the  same,  since  he  says 
thrt.  th.i  posterior  border  of  the  wings  has  a  large  clear  spot,  whicli 
was  not  the  case  with  the  individuals  of  the  genuine  Tryp.  comma 
Wied.  which  I  have  seen.  The  clear  drops  near  the  end  of  the 
sixth  longitudinal  vein  being  very  much  crow(b.H],  their  eventual 
coalescing  into  a  larger  clear  spot  does  not  seem  impossible. 

Ocinigera  Walk,  is  identical  with  Trijp.  lovgipennis  Wied. 

cornifera  M'alk.  is  a  slight  variety  of  Tn/j).  lonc/ijicnnis  Wied.,  in 
which  the  bands  of  the  posterior  border  of  the  wings  are  obsolete, 
which  is  not  seldom  the  case. 

culta  H7f(/.  (not  ctdta,  a  misprint  corrected  by  Wiedemann  himself). 
It  is  a  relation  of  the  European  Trjjp,  reticulata  Schrank,  and  Wiede- 
mann's description  is  sufficient  for  recognizing  this  species.  On 
Tab.  II,  flg.  29,  I  subjoin  a  sketch  of  the  reticulation  of  the  wings, 
which  I  made  several  years  ago;  though  the  circumference  oi  the 
wing  may  not  be  ^uite  correct,  yet  the  species  will,  I  hope,  be  recog- 
nized from  it. 

dinia  Walk:  seems  to  be  a  Tnjpeta  related  to  the  European  Tnjp. 
ro/niulirentris  P'all.,  tibialis  R.  Desv.,  etc.  It  may  stand  nearest  to 
Tryp.  insf'cta,  the  descrijition  of  which  follown  hereafter. 

electa  Say  will  be  exactly  described  in  the  sequel. 

fimbriata  ^facq.  is  Tryp.  culta  Wied. 

flavonotata  Macq.  is  Tryp.  electa  Say. 

flexa    Wietl.  is  by  no  means  a   Trypela,  but  an  Ortalis  not  rare  in 
collections. 
20.  fucata  Fahr,  seems  to  be  a  true  Trypeta,  but  will  be  rather  hard  to 
recognize,  unless  an  original  specimen  can  be  compared. 


12. 

Hi. 


14. 


ir>. 


10. 
17. 

18. 
19. 


4 


2(J 


28, 
21). 

30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 


V  ■ 


ON  THE  N.  A.  SPECIES  HITHERTO  RECORDED. 


121. 


in 

lete, 


On 


'->JP- 
st  to 


•e  in 


rd  to 


23. 


24. 


A). 


20. 


2:». 

30. 
31. 
;52. 
33. 
34. 


fulvifrons  Miirq.  I  l.anlly  conceivo  how  Macqnait  could  locate  among 
Urojiliorn  a  species  which  is  an  Ortnlis,  and  notliing  else  but  Ortalia 
am  (I  Wiod. 

inermis  R.  Dn^v.,  puhlished  hy  the  author  as  Slrauzia  inermU,  is 
Tri/ji.  Ian;/!/)! mils  Wit'd.   J- 

interrupta  Maiyj.  soems  to  ho  an  Orlalis  related  to  IL  rina  rujitarsis 
Maiq.,  if  it  is  not  a  mere  variety  of  this  species,  so  variable  in  the 
color  of  its  body;  moreover,  it  is  so  vaguely  described  that  it  is  not 
possible  to  say  anything  with  certainty  about  it. 

latipcnnis  Macj.,  described  by  Macijuart  under  the  name  of  Pliiiy- 
stoma  lulijicnnia ;  it  is,  however,  certainly  a  Tri/iifln,  and  I  hope 
not  to  bi  mistaken  in  identifying  it  with  Triip.  sjKirsa  Wied,  ;  the 
representation  of  the  head  is  certainly  nothing  but  the  invention  of 
the  draughtsman,  or  a  foreign  liead  had  been  glued  to  the  speci- 
men. 

lichtensteinii  Wied,  I  have  seen  this  beautiful  species  about  six- 
teen years  ago,  and  made  a  sketch  of  the  picture  of  the  wing,  which 
I  give  in  Tab.  II,  fig.  25.  The  bristle  of  the  antenna  is  tliickened 
at  its  base  in  a  rather  striking  manner. 

longipennis  ]\'od.  will  be  more  accurately  described  in  the  secjuel. 
Tlie  name  of  it  is  ascertained  from  the  inspection  of  the  originals. 
It  is  surprising  that  Wiedemann  does  not  mention  tlie  thickening 
of  the  fiontal  bristles  of  the  male,  though  the  males  in  his  collection 
sliow  it.  Perhaps  he  had  specimens  enough  to  satisfy  himself  that 
this  leculiarity  is  not  constant. 

marginepunctata  Macq.  is  unknown  to  me. 

meiliginis  Filch  belongs  to  the  Orlalidue,  and  is  Ilerina  rujitarsis 
Macq. 

mevarna  Wall:.,  a  Tnjpda  which  has  the  apex  of  the  wings  only 
T'  Uculated,  and  is  allied  probably  to  the  European  Tryi).  stellala 
Fiissl.  Among  the  below  described  species  Trypeta  solaris  may 
have  the  greatest  resemblance  to  it. 

mexicana  \Yi<d.  seems  to  be  a  Trypela;  the  original  perhaps  exists 
in  the  Berlin  Museum.     It  is  none  of  the  species  known  to  me. 

narytia  11«/^.  I  believe  it  also  to  be  a  Trypeta;  it  is  likewise  not 
among  my  species. 

novaeboracensiöi  I'itch  is  the  same  species  as  Tryp,  sparsa  Wied. 
and  vitliptera  Say. 

nigriventris  Macq.  probably  a  Trypeta  of  the  group  of  Tryp.  rotundi- 
reiilrl^  Fall. 

obliqiia  Macq.,  a  Try/i,  fa,  which  seems  to  be  nearly  allied  to  Tryp. 
sunjtoisd  from  Cuba  and  Tryp.  utiirolor  from  New  Granada,  but  diflers 
from  both  by  its  small  ti  »iisverse  vein  having  an  inclined  position, 
ami  the  lirst  hyaline  band  running  uninterruptedly  from  tiie  border 
of  the  win«  to  the  anterior  of  the  two  small  basal  cells,  whereas  in 
tliose  species  It  la  interruptud  not  far  from  the  costal  border. 


I 


m 


■■■■    '%^Wi\ 


(       V 


w 


ill 


f 

i 

i  ■ 

1 

^ 

rii 

\ 

*]■ 

1 

- 

iWrn 


35 


3G, 


37. 
38. 

3D, 

40. 
41. 


60  DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

obliqua  Saij  soonis  to  be  r(!lalerl  to  the  Kuropi'iui  Tri/p.  Ami/  Dog. 
cand  the  below  dcMcribcil  Tn/p.  j)nl/)<is<i  from  North  Wiscon.sin  ;  the 
Latter  has  on  its  abilomen  four  rows  of  black  spots,  whereas  Tryp, 
(ililii/iin  Say  has  only  two. 

ocresia  WalL:  apparently  relate^^  to  Tri/p.  uiilralur  from  New  Cfranada, 
but  it  cannot  be  identified  w'.'.a  this  or  any  oth-r  species  known  to 
nie.     The  description  given  by  Walker  is  very  vague. 

picta  Fdlir.  a  ('niiipfoneura  and  consequently  an  Oridliihonn  species. 

quadrifasciata  JInc/.  I  believe  it  to  be  a  Trifpcla  which  I  do  not 
])()ssess.  * 

quadrifasciata  Walk,  belongs  to  tlie  Orhili die  and  is  ILrina  nijUursis 
Maeq. 

quadrivittata  .^facq.  belongs  to  the  Orhilldir. 

scutellaris  Wud.  I  have  seen  the  typical  individuals  of  this  beau- 
tiful species  in  the  Berlin  Museum  sixteen  years  ago.  If  I  recollect 
right,  there  were  bright  bands  of  a  more  black  than  brown  color  on 
the  two  last  segments  only  of  the  abdomen  in  the  male,  but  on  all 
segments  in  the  female.  I  was  surprised  to  see  in  the  female  the 
markings  of  the  wings  (Tab.  11,  flg.  27)  more  extended  than  in  the 
male  (Tab.  II,  fig.  2f.). 

sciitellata  \Vi<d,  a  Tn/pda  ([uite  unknown  to  me. 

septenaria  Hurr.  must  be  omitted  as  being  undescribed. 

solidaginis  Filrh  has  been  amply  described  in  the  se(iuel. 

sparsa  Wnd.     T  give  a  detailed  description  of  it. 

tabellaria  -' '  /(,  not  among  the  Tri/petiv  known  to  me,  nor  does  it 
seem  to  belong  to  them,  but  is  probably  an  Ortalida, 

tribitlis  Uarr.  not  described  and  therefore  to  l)e  omitted. 

trimaculata  Macq.  is  the  same  variety  of  Trij}).  lomjipeniiis  Wied. 
which  Walker  has  described  under  the  name  of  Tri/j).  coniijlra. 

trifasciata  Harr,  must  be  omitted  as  being  undescribed. 

villosa  /'.  Denv.  may  be  a  Tri,pela,  but  is  so  badly  described  that 
there  is  scarcely  a  i)ossibility  to  recognize  it. 


42, 
43. 
44. 
4.''), 
4U. 

47. 

48. 

4D. 
50. 


I  MK 


f\'.  ;•  <n 


1  r.  ,l^i ; 


The  result  of  tlie  remarks  given  about  the  ctiumcrated  50  species 
will  consequently  be  as  follows  : — 

1.  Five  species  must  be  omitted,  because  they  have  never  been 

d'.'soribed  :  aUnscuteUuta  Ilarr.,  cindipes  llarr.,  septenuria 
Ilarr,  trlbulis  llarr.,  and  trifasciata  llarr. 

2.  Fourteen  species  must  be  blotted  out  as  identical  with  species 

previously  described :  arcuata  Walk.,  armata  11.  Desv,, 
cdliptera  Say,  cornigera  Walk.,  cortiifera  Walk.,  Jinibriata 
]\[acq.,  ßavonotata  Macq.,  inen/iis  11.  Desv.,  latipenuis 
Macq.,  marginepunctata  Macq,,  riie/lir/inis  Fitch,  novcebont- 
ccnsis  Fitch,  quadrifasciata  Walk.,  and  trimaculata  Macq. 


■:i 


it 


ietl. 


nes 

)ecn 
uiii 

cies 
sv., 
Hita 
mis 
>/-a- 

1- 


ON  THE  SYSTEMATIC  ARRANGEiVIENT  OF  THE  Sl'ECIES. 


r,i 


3.  Of  tlic  remaining  thirty-one  species  seven,  tlio  five  first  with  all 

certainty,  the  two  last  with  great  piol)ability,  mnst  bo  i)lacod 
among  the  OrUiUdcc.  These  are  :  (udiUaniin  ]\Iacq.,  Jlexa 
AVicd.,  fulvifrn))s  ]Macq.,  pirtd  Fal)r.,  fjiiddriviUiiia  Macij., 
iiiterrupta  ]Macq.,  iaheUuria  Fitch. 

4.  ronsLM(Uontly  twenty-four  N.  A.  Tnjpetce  have  been  descril)e(l, 

namely:  f/f/f/ws«  Walk.,  asten's  liarr.,  rav//«  Walk.,  bcciK- 
I'oisii  R.  Desv.,  coiinna  Wied.,  cvlfa  Wied.,  düiüi,  Walk., 
clrrtd  Say,  fucata  Fabr.,  lir/itciisteiitii  Wied.,  loiir/ijipiuiis 
AVied.,  wevtiviia  Walk.,  niexirand  Wied.,  Xari/tia  Walk., 
■}u'f/rif('ii/ris  Maccj.,  ob/i{jnii  Maeq.,  ob/if/iKi  Say,  orrcsiti 
AValk.,  (jiiadn'fascidld  ]Macq.,  scutidhois  AVied.,  scutclldld 
Wied.,  soUdaginis  Y\ii:\\,  ><paisn  AMed.,  and  rif/osa  11.  Desv. 

5.  Of  these  twenty-fonr  species  I  possess  four  oidy  [now  five. — 

0.  S.],  which  I  shall  fully  describe  l:"reaftcr  ;  they  are:  c/cc/a. 
Sav,  /oin/ijjoniis  Wied.,  sniiditghih  i'itch,  sjxtrsd  Wie'd.  [and 
oldi'ijiid  Say. — O.  S.].  ^Moreover  I  have  seen  in  other  col- 
lections four  sjiccics ;  they  are  :  conima  Wied.,  ciiltd  Wied., 
Ilchtciisfciitn  Vs"n'x\.,  and  sridellaris  Wied.  As  an  addition 
to  my  paper  1  subjoin  the  descriptions  which  AViedeniann 
has  given  of  them,  and  accomi)any  them  with  drawings  of 
the  wings,  which,  however,  on  account  of  their  being  only 
fugitive  sketches,  have  not  the  same  claim  to  correctness  as 
the  lignres  of  the  wings  of  the  other  species. 

T).    On  the  systematic  arrdvgenicnt  of  the  sju'cies  t<>  he  descrihed. 

Besides  the  above  mentioiKMl  fjur  speeies  I  have  to  describe 
iiiacteen  new  ones,  which  I  leave  all  united  in  the  genus  Tinpcla. 
Though  they  tlill'er  in  their  organization,  I  think  my  ctnirse  is  l)otli 
reasonable  and  proper.  It  has  been  already  suHiciently  shown, 
how  very  uncertain  the  limits  of  the  family  Tri/pelidcr.  are.  P'or 
the  immediate  purpose,  it  will  lie  (juite  snllicient  if  insects  of  other 
families  are  no  longer  mixed  with  these.  The  number  of  accurately 
known  species  must  increase  considerably,  l^efore  a  convenient 
cliissilication  can  be  thought  of 

The  smaller  genera  hitherto  founded  on  the  various  forms  of  the 
TnjpetiiHi  are  partly  formed  on  i;uroi)eati  species,  jtartly  estab- 
lished in  a  very  superficial  manner  on  single  species  of  other  parts 


f  I 

f  i 


i 


t  ' 


::■*'. 


*.'  i 


)'/;i 


V-'4 


fW 


tlr. 

'i 


ill' 

it  ;■■ 


M 

;    t 


f  ' 


i  M. 

V' 


la'  i'iy'    '   '  ^-    ■  i. 


•I. 


62 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTFI  AMERICA. 


of  the  globe.  Among  the  former  there  are  some,  wliirh  are  avail- 
able or  may  be  rendered  available  by  removing  the  aberrant  species 
from  them  ;  the  remaining  genera  eitiier  have  no  claim  to  the  names 
of  genera,  or  are  understood  by  different  authors  in  so  different  a 
sense  as  to  render  their  adoption  more  perplexing  than  useful. 
lUit  a  few  of  the  available  genera  are  represented  in  North  Ame- 
rica. Tiie  genera  created  for  single  species  have  usually  been 
established  on  account  of  a  single  striking  character,  no  informa- 
tion being  given  about  the  otlicr  characters  ;,  so  it  will  be  next  to 
ini[)ossi))le  to  place  new  s[)ecies  in  such  genera  without  incurring 
the  risk  of  gross  mistakes. 

Such  being  the  case,  I  will  be  justified,  I  think,  in  comprising 
all  species  under  the  head  of  Trypchi,  in  the  sense  of  !Meigen  and 
Wiedemann.  I  should  be  glad  indeed  if  by  the  oonununieution  of 
numerous  species  I  was  enabled  to  divide  the  X.  A.  Tri/petina 
into  smaller  genera.  To  obtain  numerous  species  is  only  possible 
by  breeding  them,  which  is  a  very  easy  task ;  for  the  larvae  are 
easily  discovered ;  they  live  in  stalk-galls,  or  in  berries  and  berry- 
like  fruits ;  but  most  frequently  in  the  flower-heads  of  Coiiipositcp, 
among  which  they  prefer  the  Ci/naroccp/xiltc  to  all  others. 

To  prevent  any  misunderstanding  I  fimilly  have  to  observe,  that 
in  the  following  descri{)tiüns,  by  the  length  of  the  borer  I  always 
meant  the  length  of  its  first  joint  only,  which  is  also  comprised  in 
the  indication  of  the  length  of  the  fenuiles.  The  length  of  the 
whole  borer  depends  so  much  on  the  more  or  less  extension  of  its 
three  setrments,  that  no  certain  measure  of  it  can  be  s;iven. 


Synopsis  of  the  species  (h  scrilxd  in  the  sequel,* 

,  (  Wings  pictured  (reticulate  or  banded), 

(  Wingri  not  pictured,  hyaline. 
„  (  Wings  banded. 

I  Wings  reticulate, 
o  (  Third  longitudinal  vein  witli  bristles. 

(  Tliird  longitudinal  vtiu  without  bristles. 


,  f  Abdomen  black. 
I  Abdomen  yellow. 


3 
15 

4 
10 
1  discolot,  n.  sp. 

S 


*  If  a  species  is  not  found  among  those  enumerated  in  this  synopsis, 
before  pronouncing  it  to  be  new  tV.n  *.;wf»iidiees  I  and  II  should  be  con- 
sulted. Tliis  table  contains  f^n\y  .'ipeuics  doocrH)ed  from  specimens,  and 
imt  merely  quoted  from  other  ivorki!.  O.  S. 


in 

the 

its 


2 

26 

3 

16 

4 

10 

sp. 


pais, 
cou- 
iiixl 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  PPS^r-lES  DESCRIBED  IN  THE  SEQUEL. 


fi3 


2  longipennis  Wit  d. 

a 

7 
obliqua  Snij.* 


P  J  Face  very  receding. 
l  Face  not  receding. 

„  f  I5ack  of  the  tliurax  not  striped. 
(  JJauk  of  the  tf.oiax  striped. 

_  f  Altilonieu  witii  Mack  dots. 
I  Aliilouien  witliout  blade  dots.  S 

(■'flio  band  rising  over  tlio  posterior  transverse  vein  is  connected  witlx 
I  the  preceding  ou  the  posterior  border.  3  fratria,  n.  sp. 

1  Tlie  band  rising  over  the  posterior  transverse  vein  is  not  connected 
L         witli  the  preceding.  4  suspensa,  n.  sp. 

"Die  two  middle  bands   of   the  wing  diverge   towards   tlje   posterior 
border.  5  unicolor,  n.  sp. 

The  two  middle  bands  of  the  wing  are  converging  towards  the  jioste- 


9^ 


rior  border, 
f  Thorax  and  abdomen  difl'ering  in  color. 
*  Thorax  and  abdomen  of  the  same  color. 
(  Color  of  the  body  yellow. 
(  C<dor  of  the  body  black. 
^.,  I  Abdomen  with  black  dots. 


10 
11 


13 

14 


I  Abdomen  without  black  dots. 
(  Basal  third  of  the  wing  hyaline, 
X  Basal  th'.rd  of  the  wing  pictured. 
(  f^eutellum  yellow. 
(  fcScutellum  black. 


Tr  (  ^\lngs  much  widened. 

I'M  .    T  1 

{  Wings  not  widened. 

/  Tip  of  the  wings  with  an  uninterrupted  white  seam 
IG  ■!  Tip  of  the  wings  with  an  interrupted  white  seam. 

,_  f  Proboscis  geniculated. 

I.  Proboscis  not  geniculated. 
,£,  (  Stigma  with  a  limpid  droi). 

t  stigma  without  limpid  drop. 


C  electa  »V«*/. 

7  insecta,  n.  sp. 

11 

12 

14 

8  palposa,  n.  sp. 

13 

vernoniae,  n.  sp.f 

9  suavis,  n.  sp. 

10  cingulata,  n.  sp. 

11  polita,  n.  sp. 
16 
17 

12  sparsa  Wiai. 


13  rotundipennis,  n.  sp. 

18 
19 

14  clathrata,  n.  sp. 
15  humilis,  n.  gp. 

,„  (  Reticulation  of  the  wing  not  radiating  at  its  tip.  20 

I.  Reticulation  of  the  wing  radiating  at  its  tip.  21 

Front  exceedingly  broad. 

moderate  breadth. 

ical  half, 
surface 
o.,  (  The  whole  reticulation  equally  broken. 

I.  The  reticulation  broken  much  less  in  tlie  middle 
no  (  Abdomen  yellow. 
(  Abdomen  black. 


o.|  (  Front  ex( 

(  Front  of 
01  (  Wings  reticulate  only  on  the  aj  ici 

(  Wini's  reticulate  on  their  whole  S' 


IG  soliäaginis  Fitch. 

17  seriata,  n.  sp. 

18  Solaris,  n.  sp. 

22 
19  Eequalis,  n.  sp. 
23 
24 
26 


*  See  Appendix  HI. 


t  Ibid. 


.^;, 

:i*\ 


> 


\:: 


x%. 


V: 


¥m 


w 


64 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


.,  I  f  Rotioiilation  paler  in  the  middle. 

t-  Rt'ticulation  everywlicro  of  the  same  color. 


20  festiva,  n.  sp. 
21  bella,  n.  Hp. 
'The  curvature  inside  of  the  first  posterior  cell  cousiderahle. 

22  latifrons,  n.  sp. 
The  curvature  inside  of  the  Ui^i,  posterior  cell  very  small. 

2:i  melanogastra,  n.  sp. 
ji|,  (  Htit'ma  fuscous.  albidipennis,  n.  sp.* 

(  Stigma  pale.  alba,  n.  sp.f 


urn 


{■■' 


: 


>r 


''  j.i ' ; 


', 

(l ' 

:.■  .-ll 

1*. 

ij 

■     r' 

fji 

iH! 

r      ■' 

in 

^ 

I'd: 

19 

]^l:\^ 

* 

SI 

Ä; 

1" 

-  ';    -'yy 

wlj. 

I' 

J- 

HI ' 

■  ■<■, 

<■ 

.if 


1.   J)cscripf!on  nf  the  species. 

1.  T.  «liscoloi*  LoKW.  '^  .  (Tab.  II,  fig.  1.) — Lutea,  ahdominc  nigro, 
alarum  fasciis  quatuor  ohliquis  fuscaiiis,  prima  et  secunda  juitice,  tertia 
et  quartä  postice  couuexis,  venil  longitudinali  tertiä  setosil,  venulis 
transversis  valde  approximatis. 

Lutoous  yellow  with  the  abdoi  on  iilack ;  wings  with  four  very  obliijuo 
brownisli  bands,  the  two  list  being  anteriorly,  two  last  posteriorly 
connected;  third  longitudinal  vein  with  bristles  and  the  two  transverse 
veins  njiproximate.     Long.  corp.  (i.l3.     Long.  al.  Clfj. 

Yellow  with  a  rather  glossy  black  abclomcii,  which  color  becomes 
more  blackish-brown  near  the  base.  Front  proportionately  rather 
narrow;  three  bristles  at  each  side  are  of  a  browner  color  and 
directed  anteriorly.  Antennic  yellowish,  not  reaching  as  far  as 
the  border  of  the  mouth;  bristle  of  the  antenmc  thin,  apparently 
naked.  Face  descending  rather  straight  downwards,  but  little 
excavated.  Opening  of  tiie  month  i)roportionale!y  large.  I'ro- 
boscis  short,  palpi  somewhat  prominent.  Upper  side  of  the  tho- 
rax with  short  yellow  liairs  ami  yellowish-brown  bristles;  it  has 
no  pale  stripes,  but  there  is  an  obsolete,  paler,  longitudinal  stripe 
between  it  and  the  pleura?.  Pleune  of  the  color  of  the  upper 
side  of  the  thorax,  with  yellowish  bristles;  the  neighborhood  of 
the  coxie  is  blackish.  SentcUnm  with  four  bristles.  Abdomen 
with  short  I)lack  hairs.  Legs  yellow,  anterior  femora  with  ochra- 
eeons  bristles  on  the  under  side.  "Wings  glassy  with  four  very 
obli(pie  brown  bands,  which  are  partly  tinged  with  brownish- 
yellow  on  the  inside.  The  first  band  b  gins  at  the  base  of  the 
wing,  where  it  is  connected  with  the  second,  runs  over  the  anal 
cell  as  far  as  the  base  of  the  third  posterior  cell,  and,  including  the 
fourth  longitudinal  vein,  projects  a  little,  whereupon  leaving  the 
latter,  it  bends  towards  the  posterior  larder  of  the  wing,  which  it 


*  .'^ee  Appendix  III. 


t  Ibid. 


TUYrETIDAE, 


05 


e 

o- 

0- 

ns 

pe 

)cr 

uf 

cu 

•a- 

ery 

sli- 

ic 

ul 

tlic 

llic 

\  it 


i> 


roaches  in  tlic  middle  l)ct\voen  tlic  tips  of  the  fourth  .iiid  fiftli  h)n- 
"•itiidiiinl  veins;  its  color  is  yellowish-brown  near  the  base  of  the 
wings  and  dark  brown  ))cyond  the  l)asal  cell.  The  second  band 
runs  first  from  the  base  of  the  win<,^  to  near  the  tip  of  the  first 
lonu'itndiiial  vein,  then  crosses  the  winj^  obliipiely,  on  the  b(jrdor 
of  which  it  includes  the  tip  of  the  I'lflh  longitudinal  vein;  the  two 
transverse  veins  are  included  by  it  in  such  a  way  that  their  anterior 
ends  are  placed  exactly  on  the  outside  border  of  the  I)and ;  the 
color  of  this  band  is  brownish-yellow  with  darl<er  l)rown  edges 
which  gradually  overcome  the  lighter  color  at  the  posterior  eiul ; 
also  that  portion  of  it  which  covers  the  stigma  and  the  space  imme- 
diately beneath  it,  is  dark  brown.  The  third  band  Ijcgins  on  the 
costal  border  immediately  behind  the  stigma  and  reaches  the  jios- 
tcrit)r  border  immediately  behind  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitudinal 
vein;  it  is  brownish-yellow,  edged  with  dark  brown,  the  posterior 
end  being  likewise  dark  brown.  The  fourth  band  begins  a  little 
liefore  the  tip  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  and  runs  on  the  bor- 
der of  the  wing  as  far  as  thc^  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  where  it  is 
connected  with  the  third  band;  its  color  is  dark  brown,  being 
brownish-yellow  only  at  its  anterior  end.  The  two  transverse  veins 
arc  very  near  each  other  and  very  steep;  none  of  the  longitudinal 
veins  is  extraordinarily  arcuated ;  the  second,  third,  and  fourth 
longitudinal  veins  diverge  a  little  at  their  tii)S;  the  bristles  of  the 
third  longitudinal  vein  arc  very  distinct  and  reach  as  far  as  its  tip. 
Jiuh.   Cuba.    (Kiehl.) 

Ü.  T.  longipeiiiiis  Wikd.  %  k  J.  (Tal..  II,  fig.  2^,39  .)— I'lnva, 
angusta,  rivulis  fasciiscjue  alarum  aiigustaruui  llavo-fusoanis,  facio  valile 
rt'coileute. 

Yellow,  fjleuJei";  tlio  narrow  wings  with  brownish-yellow  rivulets  and 
bands ;  the  face  much  receding.  Long,  corp.  U.17 — I'.-G.  Long.  al. 
0.22—0.30. 

ÖYX.   Trijjiila  hinijipeninn  Wuodkmaxx,  Auss.  Zwoill.  II,  4S3,  12. 
!<trauzia  armata  11.  Dusvoidy,  Myod.  71'.',  2.    {%,.) 
Stfdinia  iiurmis  11.  Dj'.svoiuy,  Myod.  71^,  1.    (90 

T< phrltis  trimacidala  Macijuaut,  Dipt.  exot.  II,  22lj,  S.    Tab.  XXXI,  fig.  3. 
Tri;jii  til  cornigcra  Walker,  List.  Brit.  IMus.  IV,  1010. 
Triipita  cornifcra  Walicku,  List.  ]?rit.  JIus.  IV,  lOll. 

Tery  variable  both  in  size  and  in  the  color  of  its  body  and  wings, 
yet  readily  recognizable.    In  the  palest  indi\iduals  the  whole  body 
is  yellow,  only  a  very  small  dot  immediately  above  the  base  of  the 
5 


II 


il 


i^-11*.  '4 


H 


\\i 

i 

'          ] 

]:  • 

■\ 

'  , 

li. 

ii 

|; 

■l!^^ 

ll^ 

l' ii;l 


in 


66 


DII'TEllA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


win{!:s  and  the  tip  of  the  borer  being  l)lack.  In  darker  individuiiln, 
the  following  markinprs  appear  successively:  1.  A  bliu'k  double 
spot  in  tlie  middle  of  the  anterior  border  of  the  thorax  ;  2.  A 
l)Iack  spot  on  each  side  of  the  scntcllum  ;  3.  A  broad  black  stri|)c 
on  each  side  of  the  metanotum  ;  4.  The  black  jxjsterior  portion  of 
the  lateral  stripes;  5.  The  black  anterior  i)ortion  of  the  lateral 
stripes  ;  6.  The  double  stripe  in  the  middle  of  the  thorax,  abrni)tly 
ending  in  its  centre.  The  head  is  rather  bright  yellow  ;  front  very 
prominent,  face  much  receding;  opening  of  the  mouth  not  widen- 
ed; palpi  and  pro!)()scis  short,  yellow,  the  bristle  with  a  very  short 
pnljcscence.  Frontal  bristles  black,  the  superior  ones  considerably 
stout,  two  of  them  on  each  side  in  the  male  assume  the  shape  of 
straight  spines,  n  little  incrassated  at  their  tips;  in  smallci  males, 
however,  the.se  spines  are  not  seldom  only  little  stouter  tlrin  in  the 
fenmles,  and  of  the  ordinary  form.  H^he  lateral  border  of  the  thorax 
and  the  superior  border  of  the  plenno  may  have  a  pale  yellow 
color  in  life ;  in  dry  specimens  they  are  very  whitish.  From  the 
pale  yellow  scutcllum  a  broad  pale  yellow  stripe  extends  to  about 
the  middle  of  the  thorax.  Hairs  and  bristles  of  the  thorax  black. 
Scntellum  with  four  black  bristles.  Abdomen  i)roportionatel}' 
very  narrow,  with  rather  long  black  hairs.  ]>orer  about  half  as 
long  as  the  abdomen,  with  the  tip  only  blackened.  Legs  yellow, 
anterior  femora  with  black  bristles  on  the  under  side.  AN'ings 
narrow  and  very  long,  more  elongated  and  pointed  in  the  nudes 
than  in  the  f  males,  but  not  always  in  the  same  degree  ;  the  brown- 
ish-yellow stripes  and  bands  leave  the  following  clear  spots  :  1.  A 
space  near  the  costal  border  between  the  transverse  humeral  vein 
and  the  ti[)  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  and  having  usually  a  brownish 
spot  in  its  middle ;  2.  An  oval  space  immediately  below  the 
stignui  between  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins ;  3.  A  tri- 
angular space  immediately  beyond  the  tip  uf  the  lirst  longitudinal 
vein,  and  reaching  from  the  costal  border  as  far  as  the  third  longi- 
tudinal vein  ;  4.  An  arcuated  band  running  obli(piely  from  the 
costal  border  between  the  two  transverse  veins  as  far  as  the  fifth 
longitudinal  vein  ;  5.  A  triangular  space  on  the  posterior  border 
filling  up  the  second  i)Osterior  cell,  with  the  exception  of  an  edge 
along  the  veins ;  6.  An  arcuate  oblique  sennfascia  beginning  on 
the  poHlerior  border  before  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein, 
and  rnnning  as  far  as  the  third  longitudinal  vein  ;  7.  The  alary 
appendage,  the  po«terior  angle  of  the  wing,  and  a  large  space 


TUYrETIDAE. 


6t 


edge 
|ig  on 

vein, 
I  alary 
■space 


afljoininp:  it,  and  lyinc^  Ix'forc  the  last  lonfritndinal  vein.  Tlio 
traiisvorso  Ininieral  vein,  and  the  space  of  the  costa  near  it,  are 
usually  lilnck  as  well  as  Ihc  space  of  the  latter,  where  the  costal 
spine  is  inserted.  Tlie  brownish-yellow  hands  of  the  winjjs  liavc 
narrow  brown  cdjres,  and  are  in  a  p^renter  or  less  extent  I»rown 
near  the  tip  and  the  jioslerior  border  of  the  \vinf,'s.  There  are 
specimens  in  which  the  l)ands  are  much  more  extended,  bnt  those 
havinjif  a  })art  of  them  obsolete  arc  more  common  ;  this  f'adin}:^  f>f 
the  picture  of  the  winti^s  is  most  frcrpicnt  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  itosterior  border.  The  posterior  transverse  vein  is  a  little 
oblifpte;  the  ti|is  of  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  are 
curved.  The  circninrereitce  of  the  wings  is  not  always  the  same  in 
the  males;  those  the  frontal  bristles  of  which  arc  most  thickened 
appear  to  have  the  most  prolonged  and  pointed  wings. 

Jltih.  Aliddlo  States.    (Osten-Sackcn.) 

Ohsei'Vdtion. — I  have  had  an  opportunity  of  examining  the 
typical  individuals  of  Tryp.  lonyipeiuils  Wicd. 

3.  T.  fratria  Lorw.  9.  (T;ili.  II,  lii,'.  4.) — Tola  lutea,  thoraco  noil 
vittato,  alarum  rivulis  fasciis(nic  Jutoo-t'iiscanis,  raaculam  ovatam  pellu- 
ciilaiii  in  i)ostLM'iori!  cuUuIjc  'lisuoidalis  parto  iiHliiil(,'iit!l)iis,  veuil  loiigi- 
tudiuali  tertiil  setosii. 

Totally  luteous  yellow ;  tlie  thorax  without  stripes  ;  the  wings  with  brown- 
ish-yellow rivulets  ami  l)aiiils,  including  an  ovate  pellucid  spot  in  the 
pojiterior  part  of  the  discal  coll;  the  third  louLjitudinal  vi'in  with  bris- 
tles.    Long.  Corp.  0.22.     Long.  al.  0.22. 

llather  dark  yellow  with  the  scntcllum  paler  and  an  almost 
wliilish-yellow,  not  sharply  limited  stripe,  running  from  the  shoulder 
to  the  liase  of  the  wing;  the  metanotuin  at  each  side  with  a  dot- 
like bhick  spot.  Front  of  moderate  breadth.  Antenna)  yellow, 
little  longer  than  half  the  face,  with  the  bristle  apparently  bare. 
Face  receding  only  a  little,  and  slightly  excavated  below  the  an- 
tenme.  rroboscis  short;  palpi  slightly  jirojecting.  Bristles  of 
the  thorax  black.  Hairs  of  the  abdomen  shoii  and  black.  JJorer 
very  short,  not  flattened,  concolorous  with  the  abdomen.  Legs 
yellow,  tibia)  and  tarsi  paler  than  the  femora;  anterior  femora  with 
some  black  bristles  on  the  underside.  The  i)ictiire  of  the  wings  is-, 
yellowish-brown,  and  of  the  same  form  as  that  of  the  7'liiroi)ean 
Tnjp.  Heradel  Linn.  The  part  of  it  adjacent  to  the  base  of  the 
wings  reaches  from  the  costal  border  as  far  as  the  dark  brownish 


I 


J'v;-i 


■  f  I  i 


■  iv 

ä 


'  .l';,?f  ; 


Am 


%-l 


I 'I 


6S 


nil'TERA  OF  NORTH  AMEIUCA. 


J 


■  iJ    I'lVi 


sligiim,  Imving,  however,  between  the  triinsverse  hmnenil  vein  and 
the  li[)  of  the  unxiliiiry  vein  a  rulhei*  largo  nnil  almost  hyulino 
spaee  ;  it  inehules  between  the  third  and  i'üurtii  longitndinul  veins 
an  oval  transparent  spot  near  the  base  of  the  diseal  ee'l ;  it  eovers 
the  whule  of  ihe  iwo  posterior  basal  cells  and  (ills  nj»  tlu)  two  first 
thirds  ol'  the  diseal  cell,  rnnning  then  in  a  darker  color  buliind 
the  (il'th  longitudinal  vein  as  I'ar  as  the  tip  of  this  vein,  from  vvhenee 
forudng  a  hand,  it  rises  above  the  posterior  transverse  vein  and  id 
connected  with  the  remaining  picture  in  the  neighborhood  of  tho 
small  transverse  vein.  From  the  latter  place  a  bund  runs  obli(pieIy 
to  the  costal  border,  where  it  seams  the  lip  of  the  wing  and  pro- 
ceeds as  far  as  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein ;  on  the 
third  longitudinal  vein  it  endts  a  parallel  branch  running  to  tho 
posterior  border.  Tho  last  portion  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein 
is  only  slightly  curved  ;  the  jiosterior  transverse  vein  is  slightly 
obliipie ;  the  small  transverse  vein  is  perpendicular  and  more  than 
one  and  a  half  of  its  length  from  the  i)osterior  transverse  vein. 

JlaO.   United  .States.    (Osten-Sacken.) 

Observation  1. — Tryp.  fratria  resembles  exceedingly  the  yellow 
variety  of  Tryp.  IJcntdei  Linn.,  and  agrees  with  it  especially  in  the 
piet\ire  of  the  wings ;  but  it  differs  from  it  by  its  shorter  and  pro- 
portionately broader  wings,  by  tho  greater  distance  between  tho 
two  transverse  veins,  and  tho  curve  of  the  last  portion  of  the  third 
longitudinal  vein,  which  is  less  considerable.  I  found  also  tho 
borer  ol  the  palest  females  of  Trijp.  Ihradci  always  black,  whereas 
its  color  in  Trup.  fratrla  agrees  with  that  of  the  abdomen. 

Observuliou  •!. — I  have  been  of  the  opinion  for  some  time  that 
this  species  might  be  Tryp.  varipcnnis  Macq.,  but  after  a  closer 
examination  I  find  this  not  admissible,  since  in  ^ract^uarfs  figure 
(Dipt.  exot.  II,  3,  Tab.  XXXI,  f.  1)  tho  band  rising  from  tho 
posterior  border  and  seanung  the  posterior  transverse  vein  includes 
a  large  clear  s[iace  l)ehind  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein,  which  does 
not  exist  in  Ti-ijp.  fndrUi,  and  the  i)enultimate  band  is  united  with 
the  first  near  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  whereas  in  Tryp.  frutrla 
this  uinon  takes  place  at  the  third  longitudinal  vein.  The  state- 
ment of  the  metanotum  of  Tryp.  varipeiuiis  being  black,  whereas 
in  my  specimen  of  Tryp.  frutria  it  is  marked  with  a  black  dot  on 
each  side  only,  could  not  be  considered  as  decisive  for  seitarating 
the  two  s[)ccies,  since  the  species  of  this  group  are  very  variable 
in  their  colors. 


* 


TRYPF.TIPAK. 


69 


J.  T.  su«*|M'iisa  LdKw.  %.  (Vth.  ir,  fl','.  f).)— Tdta  lut.'n,  tliorace 
11011  vittato,  iilarmii  fascÜH  fiiscanis  olili'Hii-i,  jiosticn  .liviT^fiitilms,  vi'iul 
IdiiL^itiuliiiali  ti'itiii,  sot()s;\. 

Totally  liitcons  yellow;  the  thorax  not  sti'i'iil  ;  tlic  wiiies  with  ohliiiuo 
iiriiwiiish  liaiids  divcriting  postoriorly ;  tlif  IJiii-'l  loir  inidiiial  vein  with 
bristleH.     Long.  i:oi  [i.  (>.:2I .     Long.  al.  (i.ll::— ('.U3. 

Pni'k  yellow.  Front  ptiror  luul  pülor  yellow;  frontal  liristles 
bhiek,  rather  short,  and  not  very  stout.  Anleiinje  yellowish,  almost 
as  loiiu;  as  the  laee,  with  the  hrist!  •  vi  i^  thin,  and  haviiii,^  a  very 
deliente  and  short  pidiescence.  Face  a  little  receding,  with  jiro- 
]iortionately  rather  dee]i  furrows  for  the  reception  of  the  anlennie. 
Opeiiini?  of  the  inoutli  rather  widened  ;  l)order  of  the  mouth  sharp. 
Proboscis  rather  thick,  with  the  snctorial  Haps  a,  little  prolono'cd. 
Pidpi  broad.  Upper  side  of  the  thorax  without  stripes;  its  jiube- 
seence  yellow  and  exceedinj^ly  short,  bristles  black.  ScutelUini 
with  four  black  bristlop.  Metanotum  colored  alike  with  the  rest 
of  the  Ijody.  Hairs  of  the  abdomen  sliort  and  pale,  bnt  the  bris- 
tles at  its  end  black.  Ll'j,s  yellow  ;  anterior  femora  not  very  stout, 
with  some  ])lack  bristles  nn  the  ander  side.  "Winss  not  very  Ioiil''; 
their  marking's  are  mostly  u  lowish-brown,  and  leave  the  following 
hyaline  spots  :  1.  A  small  trianjrular  one  on  the  costal  border 
immediately  behind  tlie  lip  of  the  first  loncitwdinal  vein,  reaching 
as  far  as  the  third  lonjritndinal  vein,  and  joining  there  a  hyaline 
spot  which  lies  below  the  stigma  between  the  third  and  fourth 
longitudinal  veins;  2.  An  oblicjue  band  slightly  curved,  which 
rises  on  the  jiosterior  border,  near  the  tip  of  the  last  longitudinal 
vein,  and  ascends  between  the  transverse  veins  as  high  as  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  ;  3.  A  triangular  spot  of  the  ]iostcrior  border, 
occupying  the  greater  part  of  the  second  posterior  cell,  and  reach- 
ing with  its  ape.K  to  a  little  beyond  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  ; 
4.  An  oblique  band  which  begins  at  the  posterior  border,  imme- 
diately beyond  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  and  ascends 
as  high  as  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  so  that  the  two  oblique 
clear  bands  almost  meet  with  their  anterior  ends.  The  small 
transvcr.se  vein  is  at  the  end  of  the  second  third  of  the  discal  cell, 
and,  like  the  posterior  transverse  vein,  has  a  slightly  oblique  posi- 
tion ;  the  end  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  distinctly  curved 
forwards;  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  is  drawn  out  into  a 
long  point. 

/lab.  Cuba.    (Poey.) 


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70 


DIPTEKA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


5.  T.  linicolor  Lokw.  %.  (Tab.  II,  fig.  (5.) — Flava,  thoracis  vitti:» 
scutelloqiie  miUto  pallidioribus,  fawuiis  alarum  fusco-llavoüceutibu.s,  pod- 
tice  divergeutibus,  vend  longitudinali  tertiä  seto.sd. 

Yl'IIow,  tbe  stripes  of  thu  thorax  as  well  as  th«  scutellum  much  paler ;  the 
biownisb-yeilow  bands  of  the  wings  diverging  posteriorly;  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  with  bristles.     Long.  corp.  0.2l!.     Long.  al.  0.27. 

llalher  pale  yellow.  Front  a  little  brighter,  of  luoderale  breadth ; 
frontal  bristles  black,  the  superior  ones  rather  stout.  The  yel- 
lowish antennie  are  nearly  as  long  as  the  face,  bristle  very  short, 
beset  with  a  very  short  and  delicate  pubescence.  Face  a  little  re- 
ceding, the  furrows  for  the  reception  of  the  anteniuo  proportion- 
ately rather  deej).  Opening  of  the  mouth  rather  widened,  border 
of  the  mouth  sharp.  Proboscis  rather  thick,  with  the  suctorial 
flaps  slightly  prolonged  ;  p'-lpi  broad.  The  upper  side  of  the 
thorax,  above  the  base  of  t'le  wings,  shows  a  stripe  running  from 
the  suture  to  the  posterior  border  of  the  thorax,  and  aas  in  the 
described  specimen  rather  a  whitish  color,  which  seems  to  have 
been  pale  yellow  in  tiie  livv.g  insect;  of  the  same  color  are  the 
shoulder  and  the  space  behind  it,  the  scutellum  and  a  large  spot 
aljove  the  poisers ;  a  broad  stripe  of  the  same  color  seems  to  run 
from  the  middle  of  the  posterior  border  of  the  thorax  to  nearly  its 
middle.  The  dark  stripes  usual  in  other  species  are  indicated  by 
rows  of  blaekiah  spots;  they  may,  however,  have  become  visible 
only  after  the  drying  up  of  the  insect.  The  short  hairs  of  the  thorax 
are  pale  yellowish,  the  bristles  black.  Scutellum  with  four  black 
bristles.  Metanotum  with  a  black  stripe  on  each  side.  Abdomen 
with  pale,  very  short  hairs  and  brownish-black  bristles  at  its  end ; 
last  segment  a  little  prolonged,  with  an  indistinct  brown  longitu- 
dinal line  on  each  side.  Legs  yellow;  anterior  femora  with  some 
brown  bristles  on  their  under  side.  AVings  rather  large;  th^^  bands 
are  brownish-yelluw  with  brown  edges,  entirely  brown  near  the 
posterior  border  and  the  tip  of  the  wing;  the  clear  spaces  which 
they  leave  are  as  follows  :  1.  A  very  oblique  one,  interrupted  on 
the  third  longitudinal  vein,  with  its  anterior  end  forming  a  trian- 
gular spot,  placed  beyond  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein, 
and  running  through  the  base  of  the  discal  cell  as  far  as  the  base 
of  the  posterior  basal  cell ;  2.  A  band,  having  the  form  of  an  S, 
rising  on  the  posterior  border,  near  the  tip  of  the  last  longitudinal 
vein,  and,  after  running  between  the  transverse  veins,  ascending  as 
high  as  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  from  whence  it  turns  again 


;■  1  ,.1 


■U' 


TRYPETIDAE. 


71 


to  the  posterior  Ijordcr,  wliicli  it  joins  in  the  nei}.':hborlioo  1  of  the 
tip  of  the  fourth  longilmliiial  vein  ;  3.  A  largo  triangular  spot  of 
the  posterior  border,  which  occu})ies  a  great  i)jrtion  of  the  second 
posterior  coll,  and  with  its  tip  reaches  beyond  the  fourth  longi- 
tudinal vein.  The  stignui  is  long  and  rather  dark  brownish. 
Transverse  veins  straight  and  steep ;  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein 
is  distinctly  curved  forwards  at  its  end,  as  in  Tryp.  puraUchi  Wied.; 
the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  is  drawn  out  into  a  large  point. 
JIah.  New  Granada.    (Schott.) 


-5; 


)  •*' 


6.  T.  electa  Say.  9.  (Till).  II,  fii;.  7.)— Flava,  thoracis  vittis  scutel- 
loqiie  multo  palliilioriljus,  alls  fuscano-fasciatis,  vena,  longitutlinali  tiTtii 
setosä,  tibiis  posticis  iiigro-ciliatis. 

Yellow,  tlio  stripes  of  the  thorax  as  well  as  the  scutellnm  mueh  paler  ;  the 
wiiiL's  with  straight  brownish  hands  ;  tlie  third  loniritudinal  vein  with 
bristles  and  the  upper  side  of  the  posterior  tibiie  ciliated  with  black 
b^:^tlerf.     Long.  eorp.  d.lil).     Long.  al.  0.2'.). 

Sys.  Tnipria  vhcta  Say,  Journ.  Aead.  Philad.  VI,  IP.*),  1. 

T'pliritisjlavoiwtata  Macuuaut,  Dipt.  exot.  Suppl.  V,  ili5.  Tab.  VII,  fig.  9. 

This  very  distinct  sj)ccies  has  in  the  picture  of  the  wings  a 
great  resemblance  witli  the  European  Tr>/j>.  dltmuiUt  Fail.  Yel- 
low. Front  of  middling  breadth  ;  frontal  bristles  black,  rather 
stout.  Face  slightly  receding,  with  rather  deep  furrows  for  the 
recci)tion  of  the  untenme.  Antenme  yellow,  reaching  only  a  little 
beyond  the  middle  of  the  face ;  the  bristle  bare  and  very  thin. 
Opening  of  the  month  largo,  Ijut  not  yvidened ;  border  of  the  mouth 
rather  sharp,  but  not  projecting.  Proboscis  small;  palpi  rather 
broad.  On  the  upi)er  side  of  the  thorax  there  is  a  pale  yellow 
(almost  ivory  color  in  the  dry  specimen)  stripe  running  from  the 
shoulder  to  the  base  of  the  wing,  and  a  second  above  the  base  of 
the  wing  running  from  the  suture  as  far  os  the  posterior  border  of 
the  thora.x.  Another  stripe  of  the  same  color  runs  from  the  middle 
of  the  posterior  border  to  beyond  the  middle  of  the  thora.x,  where 
it  is  gradually  pointed  and  obliterated;  the  stripe  lying  above  the 
base  of  the  wing  is  interiorly  edged  with  black  in  the  described 
specimen.  ITairs  of  the  thorax  short,  pale  yellowish  ;  bristles 
black.  Scutellum  of  the  color  of  the  pale  stripes  of  the  thorax 
and  a  black  spot  on  each  side  of  the  bnse  of  the  lateral  border;  !. 
has  four  bristles.  Pleurie  with  a  pale  yellow  longitudinal  stripe  in 
its  middle  and  two  black  little  spots  above  it.     Abdomen  yellow, 


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72 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


with  short  black  hairs  and  bhicli  bristh,'s  on  the  posterior  Ixirdcrs 
of  tiic  two  hist  segments ;  the  last  segment  has  a  dot-like  black 
spot  on  each  side  near  the  base.  Borer  short,  thick,  not  llattened 
at  all,  a  little  ronndcd  at  its  end,  of  the  color  of  the  abdomen, 
and  covered  'vith  black  hairs.  TiCgs  yellowish  ;  anterior  femora 
with  l)lack  bristles  on  their  nnder  side  ;  the  nnder  side  of  the 
middle  and  posterior  femora  with  some  black  bristles  only  near 
the  tip,  the  bristles  being  shorter  on  the  middle  femora;  the  pos- 
terior tibi;e  on  their  whole  upper  side  arc  densely  fringed  with 
rather  long  black  bristles,  which  allbrd  a  very  characteristic  mark 
of  this  species.  Wings  liy;Uine,  with  brown  bands.  The  first  of 
these  bands  is  the  least  regnlar,  and  runs  from  the  transverse 
humeral  vein  as  far  as  the  end  of  the  anal  cell,  the  posterior  angle 
of  which  is  drawn  out  into  a  long  point ;  this  anal  cell,  as  well  as 
the  basal  cell  lying  before  it,  is  brownish-yellow.  The  second 
band,  beginning  with  the  short  stigma,  runs  over  the  small  trans- 
verse vein,  and,  after  crossing  the  discal  cell,  reaches  the  posterior 
border,  on  which  it  is  connected  more  or  less  distinctly  willi  the 
posterior  end  of  the  following  band.  The  latter  begins  on  the 
costal  border  before  the  ti[)  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  and 
after  running  over  the  jiosterior  transverse  vein  in  a  straight  direc- 
tion, reaches  the  posterior  border  of  the  wing.  Its  anterior  end  is 
perfectly  connected  with  the  last  band,  which  seams  the  wing  as 
far  as  a  little  beyond  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein.  I5e- 
iween  the  second  and  third  bands  there  is  still  a  yellowish-brown 
line  drawn  perpendicularly  from  the  costal  border  to  the  third 
longituditnvl  vein.  Transverse  veins  straight;  the  small  transverse 
vein  is  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell. 
JIub.  Florida.    (Osteu-Sacken.) 

T.  T.  insecta  Loew.  9-  (T^^^-  H»  f^g-  *^-) — Thorace  iiicrro,  capite, 
abiloinine  pedibu-.ijtio  Intens,  alarum  nigrarura  incisuri.s  luarginalibus 
guttulis(ßie  inter  venarum  longitudiualiuni  tertiam  et  quartani  tribus 
vel  (juatuor  pellucidis,  vena  longitudinali  tertiä  nudä,  setis  scutelli 
duabus. 

Thorax  black;  head,  abdomen,  and  legs  hiteous ;  wings  black,  with  limpid 
Micisious  on  the  borders,  and  three  or  fonr  limpid  drops  between  the 
third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins;  third  longitudiual  vein  bare; 
scutellum  with  two  brii^tles.     Long.  corp.  0.14.     Long.  al.  0.14. 

Of  the  group  of  the  European  Tri/p.  rotundiventris  Fall.    Head 
dirty  yellow.     Front  rather  narrow,  more  so  towards  its  anterior 


TUYI'KTIDAE. 


78 


/ ; 


\ 


^ 


> 


i 


end ;  frontnl  1)ristlos  1)ro\vn  ;  llic  row  of  ratlicr  lonj?  bristles  at 
the  posterior  orI)it  wliitisli.  Anteiiiiic  yellowisli,  nearly  as  long 
ns  tlie  face.  Clieeks  desceiuliiij!;  only  a  little  lielow  the  eyes. 
Thorax  mid  scuteliiim  lilack,  the  neij?hl)orhoüd  of  tlic  coxiu  hrown. 
]lairs  of  the  thorax  short,  i)alo  yellowish,  bristles  brown.  Seutol- 
liini  with  two  long  brown  bristles.  Abdomen  brownish-yellow; 
borer  not  qnite  so  long  as  the  two  hist  segments  united,  much 
broader  at  the  base,  broad  and  abrupt  at  the  end,  flattened,  con- 
colorous  with  the  abdomen.  lu'gs  y(!llow.  Wings  black,  with 
pcliueid  spots.  On  tiic  costal  border  there  is  a  small  spot  liefore 
tie  triMisverse  humeral  vein ;  a  similar  spot  projecting  a  little  from 
•Jie  first  longitudinal  vein  lies  beyond  the  transverse  humeral  vein, 
and  a  smaller  one  between  it  and  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  ; 
it  is  followed  by  two  triangular  spots  of  ctpial  size,  the  first  of 
wliieli  is  immediately  beyond  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal 
voiii,  and  touches  the  third  longitudinal  vein  at  its  junction  with 
the  small  transverse  vein.  On  the  posterior  border  of  the  wing 
there  an;  six  clear  excisions,  the  two  iirst  of  which  coalesce  with 
the  grayish  hyaline  axillary  angle  of  the  wing;  the  third  reaches 
the  üfth  loiigitiidiual  vein  ;  the  fourth  lying  belii:ul  the  tip  of  the 
fifth  longitudinal  •ein  is  more  cloudy  than  the  others,  and  goes 
a  liUlc  beyond  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  fifth  accompanies 
the  steep  posterior  transverse  vein  at  its  hind  side,  and  reaches  as 
far  IS  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  sixth  has  a  more  inclined 
position  and  a  sharper  tip,  with  which  it  reaches  the  lil'th  longi- 
tudinal vein.  In  the  middle  of  the  broad  first  posterior  cell  there 
is  a  considerable  hyaline  drop  ;  a  much  smaller  drop  is  seen  at  the 
anterior  side  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  in  the  middle  of  its 
penultimate  portion,  and  one  or  two  hardly  visible  drops  at  the 
antepenultimate  portion  of  this  vein.  The  second  longitudinal  vein 
is  slightly  undulating,  and  diverges  more  than  usually  towards  the 
end  from  the  third  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  posterior  angle  of  the 
anal  cell  is  druwn  out  into  a  prolonged  point. 
Hab.  Cuba.    (Pocy.) 


.'H'-'i 


1^^(11 


' 


II' 


4 


J  4  DIVTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

8.  T.  I>iil|»osn  LcKW.  %.  (Tall.  II,  (Ir.  !».) — Flava,  alxloniiiio  imnc- 
toniiii  iiinrormu  .m-iifhus  (ßiatuor  piuto,  alis  hyaliuis  luteo-fabciatis,  vouä 
loiiu'itiiiliuali  t'srliil  uudii. 

YelloH-,  abdoini'ii  with  four  rows  of  lilack  <\otH,  wings  liynliiio  witli  liitcons 
liaii'l..  and  the  third  loiigitiidiual  veiu  Laro.  Long.  cori).  0.12(J — 0.27. 
Loii'^'.  al.  ('.1^(5. 

It,  is  nearly  allied  to  Tri//),  arctii  Vc^.,  hi/r/nv  Ccderli,  etc. 
Yellow;  front  )jrif,'hter  yellow,  rather  broud;  frontal  l)ristle.s  lilack- 
isli,  the  small  bristles  of  the  posterior  orbit  whitish.  Antennte 
yellow,  (k'seendinfjf  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  face,  their 
third  joint  rather  broad  ;  the  bristle  of  the  antenntu  apparently 
bare,  with  the  base  slightly  incrassated.  Face  a  little  receding, 
excavated  in  the  middle,  so  that  the  border  of  the  mouth  is  pro- 
jecting ;  the  furrows  for  the  reception  of  the  antcnnte  rather  flat. 
Opening  of  the  mouth  very  wide;  proboscis  thick  and  short;  palpi 
broad,  rathe"  large,  with  some  small  black  Ijristles.  Thorax  with 
a  large  gluisy  black  .'jpot  in  the  middle  of  its  anterior  side;  its 
upper  side  blackish,  with  the  exception  of  the  lateral  and  posterior 
borders,  and  of  a  large  triangular  spot  which  rises  from  the  poste- 
rior border;  hairs  whitish-yellow;  bristles  blackish;  two  of  the 
latter,  inserted  before  the  scutellum,  are  placed  on  larger  black 
dots,  and  two  I)eforc  them  on  smaller  dots.  Scutellum  with  four 
bristles,  yellow,  only  a  little  Idackened  at  the  base  of  the  lateral 
border.  !Metanotum  black.  Pleurie  with  some  brown  spots,  and 
above  the  posterior  coxic  with  a  small  black  spot.  The  third, 
fourth,  and  fifth  segments  of  the  abdomen  have  each  at  its  anterior 
border  four  small  black  spots,  the  intcvmediatc  ones  being  more 
ap}troximated ;  the  fifth  segment  is  much  prolonged,  and  has, 
moreover,  a  Idack  spot  in  each  posterior  corner.  The  rather  coarse 
hairs  of  the  abdomen  are  yellowish  on  the  first  segments  and  the 
anterior  part  of  the  middle  ones,  the  remaining  ones  are  black. 
Legs  yellow;  anterior  femora  with  black  bristles  on  the  under 
side.  The  color  of  the  I'icture  of  the  wings  is  brownish-yellow  in 
my  s))ei;'mcn,  which  is  apparently  a  little  faded ;  it  extends  on  the 
costal  border  from  the  base  to  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein, 
and,  on  the  first  portion  of  this  extent,  reaches  as  far  as  the  fourth 
longitudinal  vein,  and  on  the  second  half  as  far  as  the  third  only. 
From  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  a  band  runs  over  the 
small  transverse  vein  ;  a  second  band  runs  from  the  costal  border 
over  the  posterior  transverse  vein  ;  these  two  bands  become  more 


TUYPETIDAE. 


75 


ol).sok'te  towards  the  jtostcrior  horilcr,  and  almost  coalesce  in  its 
ni'inliborhood.  The  first  uf  ihem  is  also  connected  vith  a  stripe 
which  edges  the  fifth  lonjritndinnl  vein.  The  edge  of  the  tip  uf 
the  wing  is  iierl'eetly  connected  with  the  second  i)and,  and  reaches 
a  little  beyond  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein.  The  anal 
cell  is  brownish-yel'ow.  Transverse  veins  steej) ;  the  small  trans- 
verso  vein  a  little  before  the  last  third  of  the  discal  cell. 
Ilah.  Northern  AViscousin.    (Kennicott.) 


r  I 


9.  T.  RUavis  Loew.  %.  (Tab.  II,  fig.  Id.)— PivHi'In  flava,  unicolor, 
alaniiii  liyalinaiiun  liturä lias-ali  fasciiscjut;  tiibiis  iiigricaiitibus  in  torniam 
litcrx-  Ö  conllueiitihus,  vena  longitmlinali  tortiii  nmla. 

Palo  yelli)«',  uniuolorous  ;  wings  hyaline,  with  a  blackish  has.il  stripo  and 
tlircti  blackish  baiuls  couihieu.  in  an  S-shajjed  uiuik;  third  longitudinal 
vela  nake<l.     Long.  eorp.  0.20.     Long.  al.  O.-l. 

Of  this  species,  very  conspicuous  by  the  peculiar  picture  of  its 
wings,  I  unfortunately  possess  only  one  individual,  much  injured 
in  carrying.  It  is  everywhere  i)ale  yellow,  and  its  thorax  and 
seiiiellnni  have  no  trace  of  a  ]>uler  picture.  Hairs  very  short, 
wliiiish-yellow  on  the  ui)per  side  of  the  thorax,  rather  blackish 
on  tlie  jtleune;  bristles  all  black.  Scutellum  with  four  bristles. 
Wings  hyaline  ;  the  veins  at  the  base  of  the  wing  yellowish ;  a 
blackish  not  very  striking  sirii»e  runs  from  the  tip  of  ihe  basal 
hiuiieral  vein  to  the  )»osterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell,  which  is  drawn 
out  into  a  point.  The  reniaiuLler  of  the  picture  ol  the  wings  con- 
sists of  three  very  broad,  rather  blackish  bands  ;  the  first  runs  from 
the  black  stigma,  widening  gradually  perpendicularly  to  near  the 
posterior  border,  where  it  is  connected  with  the  second,  which  rises 
over  the  posterior  transverse  vein  as  far  as  the  costal  border,  and 
connects  there  completely  with  the  third  band  which  seams  the  tip 
of  the  wing.  The  connection  of  the  first  and  second  bands  is 
somewhat  interrupted  by  a  clear  incision  reaching  from  the  poste- 
rior border  a  little  into  the  discal  cell.  Above  the  end  of  this 
incision  there  is  another  clear  spot.  Stigma  small ;  none  of  the 
longitudinal  veins  unusually  curved  ;  the  small  transverse  vein  is 
somewhat  before  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell  and  below  the  very  tip 
of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  ;  thi.  posterior  transverse  vein  is  only 
a  little  arcuated  ;  the  two  transverse  veins  are  steep,  not  perfectly 
perpendicular. 

Jldb.  Middle  States.    (Osteu-Sacken.) 


M»*-.;! 


fl 


76 


DIPTERA  0^  NORTH  A:MEIUCA. 


lO.  T.  cineillatn  L"e\v.  9.  (Tai).  If,  fii,'.  11.)— Niu'i-a,  cajiite 
li<'(lil)US((uo  lutciis,  tlioracin  inargiiie  lati-rali  Rf'utt!llo(|ii«  flavis,  iiiarginu 
Heeinontoriini  abilominaliiiiu  sinf,'ul()nim  jiostico  alliitlo,  aliiniui  Iiyali- 
imrum  fasciis  (juatuor  innictoijuo  apic  .li  iiigris. 

Black  with  the  head  and  logs  Intcons,  thn  lateral  horders  of  tlio  thorax 
and  the  scntollum  yellow,  the  jiosterior  horders  of  the  ahdoniinal  seg- 
ments whitish  ;  wings  hyaline  with  four  hands  and  an  apical  dot  black. 
Long.  ooip.  0.'1'2.     Long.  al.  ('.20. 

It  bclonjrs  to  tlic  rolntionsliip  of  tlio  Europcnn  Tri/p.  rnrasi 
Linn.  (=  siijtuiUi.  Mcij»". ),  a  jfrnnp  wliid»  mnst  not  be  confowndocl 
with  that  of  Trjip.  soIsliti'nUs  Linn.,  closely  alike  in  its  colorinjoc. 
I>hick.  Ilea  J  rather  dark  yellow,  front  brij^htcr  yellow,  of  middle 
breadth,  with  rather  lonjj  black  bristles.  Antenna?  reachinf?  to  a 
little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  face,  last  joint  rather  narrow,  and 
with  the  anterior  corner  rather  shiu']).  Face  straitrht,  descendinjr, 
with  moderately  deep  furrows  for  the  reception  of  the  antenna' ; 
border  of  the  mouth  Ijy  no  means  ])rominent.  Proboscis  and  palpi 
short.  Thorax  black  ;  the  humeral  callosity  and  a  lonjj:itudinal 
stripe  running  from  the  latter  to  the  base  of  the  winpj  arc  brijrht 
yellow.  The  bristles  of  the  thorax  and  the  four  bristles  of  the 
yellow  scutellum  black  ;  the  l)ase  and  j^^reatest  i)art  of  the  lateral 
border  of  the  latter  black.  Mctanotnm  and  abdomen  jrlossy  black, 
the  latter  with  broad  whitish  (perhajis  more  yellow  in  life)  edges 
of  the  posterior  borders  and  black  hairs.  IJorer  exceedingly 
short.  Legs  dark  yellow;  femora  a  little  brownish  at  the  base:, 
the  anterior  femora  with  small  brown  bristles  on  the  under  side; 
the  two  posterior  tiltiio  with  short  black  bristles  on  the  npi)er  side. 
AVings  somewhat  l)road,  especially  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  base, 
with  four  black  bands  and  a  little  black  sjiot  at  the  tip.  The  first 
band  runs  from  the  basal  humeral  vein  to  the  posterior  angle  of 
the  anal  cell,  which  is  drawn  out  into  a  point.  The  second  is 
broadest,  running  from  the  black  stigma  beyond  the  fifth  longi- 
tudinal vein,  and  ending  abruptly  in  the  middle  between  this  vein 
and  the  border  of  the  wing.  The  third,  which  runs  over  the  pos- 
terior transverse  vein,  is  also  rather  perpendicular,  and  completely 
reaches  the  posterior  border  of  the  wing.  The  fourth  band  is 
perfectly  united  with  the  third  on  the  costal  border,  and  reaches 
the  posterior  border  behind  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein, 
so  that  it  has  a  rather  oblique  position.     'J"ho  small  apical  spot 


TRYl'ETTDAE. 


n 


iiiclndos  the  tip  of  llic  iliiril  loiijfiludiiml  vein.     IJolli  ti'unsvcrso 
veins  lU'o  straight  und  perpendicular. 
Jlnh.  Middle  Stales.    (Oslen-Sacken.) 


11.  T.  polita  T,(.i;\v.  9.  (Tal).  \\,  fl^^  TJ.)— Atra,  niti.ln,  capitu 
IHMliliiiHtitiü  tlavi?<,  sciitclli)  tiiiiiiilo,  alaiiiiu  alliiito-hyulhiaruiu  luacula 
liasali  aträ,  fasciisnuo  trilms  latissiiuis  fusco-uinris. 


Dt.'i'ii  Maok,  s'.i 


uiuu 


lii'ail  and  Icqs  yt-llow,  siiitcllina  inllatcil ;  wings 


rliitisli-liyalinu  with  a  basal  Maok  spot  and  tliii'u  very  broad  brownisli- 


black  bands.     Long,  eoi'i).  0. 


Long.  al.  0.17— 0.18. 


Delongs  to  the  relatiunship  of  the  European  Tri/j>.  Wicdemaimi 


>l 


th 


le  species  of  which  chiolly  agree  in  their  inllaied  scutelluni 
and  short  wings,  vvliile  they  dilfer  among  each  other  nuich  in  the 
structure  of  their  face.  Front  bright  yellow,  Ijeautifnlly  yellowish- 
brown  above,  conNiderably  broad;  frontal  bristles  IdacU.  Antennto 
yi'llowish,  descending  to  the  ndddle  of  the  face,  and  having  a  black 
bristle,  the  pubescence  of  which  is  exceedingly  short  and  hardly 
visil)le.  Face  whitish-yellow,  a  little  receding,  its  niidiUt  rather 
flat ;  l)order  of  the  mouth  not  prominent  at  all ;  opeiung  of  the 
mouth  rather  small ;  prol)oscis  and  pali)i  short.  The  inferior  part 
of  the  occiput  is  wliilish-yellow,  the  superior  blackish.  Thorax 
rallier  convex,  altogether  glossy  black,  bare,  but  the  broad  lateral 
stripes  are  bordered  everywhere  with  a  row  of  yellowish  short 
hairs,  and  the  broad  middle  stripe  is  divided  by  a  longitudinal  row 
of  such  hairs.  IJrislles  black.  Scutollum  shining  black,  very  con- 
vex, as  if  inflated.  .Metauotuni  lilack,  with  an  indistinct  whitish 
relk'ction.  I'lcurio  shining  black,  with  a  few  still"  yellowish  hairs 
and  some  black  bristles.  Abdomen  black  ;  the  hairs  rather  stilT, 
whitish  on  the  posterior  part  of  the  flrsl  segment ;  on  the  second 
and  third  segments  they  are  black,  except  the  hindmost  ones  of  the 
posterior  border,  which  are  whitish;  on  the  two  last  segments  they 
all  are  whitish.  IJorer  shining  black,  flattened,  pointed,  abundantly 
as  long  as  the  abdomen,  with  very  short  black  hairs.  I-iCgs  dirty 
fuscous-yellow;  femora  not  much  incrassated,  the  anterior  ones 
with  a  few  black  hairs  on  the  under  side.  ^Vings  short  and  rather 
broad,  having  the  transverse  veins  very  approximated  and  perfectly 
perpendicular ;  they  are  rather  whitish,  with  very  broad  brownish- 
black  bands.  Their  innermost  base  is  yellowish,  then  follows  a 
large  triangular  rather  deep  black  spot,  which  reaches  from  the 
costal  border  as  far  as  the  axillary  incision  of  tht  wing,  and  only 


^.n::i 


■■••  ■■ ,  If 


fll 

■■■t'..t' 


'iM{  W] 


■,'■  '.'■        ; '   ' 


78 


DirrERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


little  exceeds  the  bnsnl  colls.  Tlie  two  (irst  lilar-k  or  hrowiii.sh- 
blnck  liiinds  arc  united  on  the  costal  hordcr,  s(»  n.s  to  form  nii 
inverted  V;  the  second  of  then»  runs  from  the  sliujin.a  over  the 
transverse  veins,  and  has  a  more  ineli'icd  position  tliiin  tlie  llrst; 
the  isolated  third  hand  has  ii  jiosition  similar  to  that  of  the  second, 
nnd  seams  the  tip  of  the  winj;  some  distance  hcyond  the  tip  of  the 
fourth  lonjritudinal  vein,  witliont  couleseing  anywhere  completely 
with  the  l)order  of  the  wing. 

Ifiih.  ^lississippi.  (Sehanm.)  "Washinjjton.  (Osten-Sacken.) 
Ohxcrviiluni. — Tile  IJra/.ilian  Iraj/fiarti  ronncrd  Macq.  (TMpt. 
e.xot.  Suppl.  Ill,  04,  Tal».  VIT,  fi-^-.  10)  has  the  picture  of  the 
winjjs  rather  similar  to  those  of  Tri/p.  pollta.  ]5nt  being  greenish- 
black,  and  having  the  last  band  of  the  wings  comi»leteIy  connected 
with  the  preceding,  and  running  straight  on  with  the  costal  border, 
but  not  reaching  the  ti}>  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  it  i.s  evi- 
dently dillorent  from  Trijp.  jxilita. 

11.  T.  siMirsa  Wii:n.    %  .niid  9.    (Tnh.  TI,  (ig.  1.3.)— Fnsc.a,  alls  latis- 
siiuis,  nitundatis,  iiigris,  albitlo-guttiilati.s  et  mavgine  apical!  albo  ornatis. 

Brown  ;  wiiiu's  very  liroail  ami  roumlcil,  li!;u  k  with  small  droiis,  and  tho 
apical  burder  whitish.     Long.  corp.  0.27 — O.ItO.     Long.  al.  O.llt!. 

Syn.   Ti-ii/utii  sjiur-(t  WirniniAxx,  Auss.  Zweitl.  II,  4!12. 
Tfjiiniii  v,ilii,lcnt  Say,  .loiirn.  Acad.  I'hil.  VI,  ls7,  !?. 
Pliilj/stf, wa  l<iti/<iiniis  Macijl'Akt,  Dipt.  exot.  II,  ?,,  200.    Tab.  XXVI,  fig.  8. 
Aciiiid  inirii'hiiriifi  list's  FiTin,  First  Reji.  etc.  07. 

Of  a  brownish-red,  sometimes  more  brown  color.  Front  broad, 
brownish-yellow,  frontal  bristles  black;  tho  bristles  of  the  poste- 
rior orl)it  whitish-yellow.  Antenme  descending  below  the  middle 
of  the  face,  their  bristles  with  a  short,  but  distinct  pubescence. 
Face  excavated  in  the  middle,  and  marked  with  two  large  deep 
black  dots  ;  another  small  deep  black  spot  is  between  the  antenna 
and  the  anterior  angle  of  the  eye.  Eyes  with  three  very  distinct 
transverse  bands.  Fal^tl  dark  brown,  usually  blackish  at  the  tip; 
suctorial  (laps  a  little  prolonged.  On  the  upper  side  of  the  thorax 
there  are  usually  two  or  three  darker  longitudinal  lines,  and  a 
broad  dark-brown  edge  of  the  lateral  border.  The  short  hairs  of 
the  thorax  and  scutellura  are  whitish-yellow,  the  bristles  of  both 
black.  Of  the  four  bristles  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  thorax,  tho 
two  first  are  near  the  transverse  suture.     Pleura;  above  with  whit- 


f 


r  1 


-m 


TUVl'KTIKAE. 


79 


isli-ycllow,  below  with  binck  Imirs,  the  hristlos  mixed  anintiL'  thcra 
hhielc.  Tlic  nli(hiineM  nsunlly  l)eiirs  two  rows  of  jarire  lihickish 
ppots,  of  a  rather  (iiuidraiifrnlar  form,  leaviiijr  between  I  hem  n 
brown  middle  htreak,  and  not  oom|»h'tely  renchiiig  tho  iiosterior 
border-;  of  the  single  seunnents ;  Pometimes  they  extend  so  much, 
that  oidy  the  [tosterior  borders  of  tlie  se<i^ments  retain  a  pak'r  color, 
wherciis  the  wliolc  surfaee  is  bhickish.  IJorer  lilaekish-brown, 
fiometimes  with  a  red  spot  on  each  side,  a  little  pointed,  rather  flat; 
its  first  segment  is  a  little  lonfrer  than  the  two  last  segments  of  the 
abdomen  taken  together.  The  hairs  of  the  abdomen  are  mostly 
bhiek,  a  fi.-w  light  ones  l)eing  among  them.  liCgs  i)alor  reddish- 
brown,  the  anterior  femora  often  }»artly  blnckenod,  with  some  l)laek 
bristles  on  the  npper  and  nndor  sides.  Wings  exeee*lingly  liroad, 
with  the  uninterrnptod  whitish  seam  of  the  ti[)  forming  a  narrow 
ereseent ;  on  their  surface  there  are  numerous  clear  drops  rather 
C(pially  scattered,  but  totally  wanting  in  that  part  of  the  black 
color  whi(di  adjoins  tho  white  crescent,  as  well  as  before  the  first 
longitudinal  vein.  At  the  lip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  a  small, 
clear,  but  little  distinct  stripe  is  seen.  The  small  transverse  vein 
straight  and  periicndieular,  the  posterior  one  a  little  curved  and 
stee[). 

Jlnh.  Northern  Wisconsin.    (Kenidcott.) 

Ohservdtion. — I  possess  a  si)ceimeu,  which  is  distinguished  by  its 
much  paler,  almost  dull  testaceous  color,  its  loss  enlarged  wings 
and  the  somewhat  larger  size  of  the  clear  drops,  but  as  to  the  other 
characters  agrees  so  perfectly  with  the  ordinary  specimens  of  Tri/p. 
sjxtrxc  Wiod.  tlu't  1  do  not  venture  to  declare  it  udillerent  species. 

13.  T.  l-otlllldilloniiiH  Lokw.  5  (Ta1>.  IT,  fig.  14.)— Fihi'm,  alls 
latissiinis,  rotuiidatis,  uigris,  an)i<lo-,iruttulatis  et  iu  luarginilms  ante- 
riore et  ajiicali  maculas  mimitas  albidas  gcrentibus. 

nrowii ;  wing«  in-oatl  and  rounded,  Wack,  with  very  small  wliitish  drops 
in  till!  niidille,  and  small  wiiitisli  spots  on  the  costal  an<l  apical  horder.s. 
Long.  Corp.  O.iiS.     Long.  al.  0.2(5. 

Of  this  species  I  have  oidyone  specimen,  which  is  unfo;  innately 
so  much  injured  in  the  journey  as  to  prevent  me  froui  giving  a 
fall  descrii>tion.  However,  as  it  is  very  nearly  related  to  y'i>/p. 
sparsd  Wied.,  it  will  be  rccogiuzed  even  from  my  incomidete  de- 
scription. The  color  is  the  same  ;  the  wings  are  still  shorter  and 
broader,  especially  the  cell  which  lies  before  the  first  longitudinal 


M    ■  • 


*i 


80 


KIl'TKll.V  Vi'  NOIITU  AMKItICA, 


vein  is  miifli  ln'oiider ;  tlie  lliinl  loiijAii' .liiiiil  vein  is  miifli  more 
uiiilnliitcil,  mill  lliu  lust  porliuii  uf  tin;  i'oiirtli  loii^'itiidiiiul  win  in 
slutrlcr  tliun  llio  poslorior  transverse  vein,  wlicroas  it  is  u  iiiilc 
lon^iT  in  ^V'/y*.  xjinisu.  Nuno  of  I  he  drops  on  tlie  winjfs  of  lim». 
Sfxiisa  is  of  II  more  coiisidcniltle  sizo  tliaii  the  otlicrs,  wliireas 
Trill».  iDtundlpvnnis  lias  such  a  drop  Ijotween  the  third  and  fourth 
longitudinal  veins,  opposite  to  tliu  l)U»c  of  the  diseal  cidl ;  tlio 
drops  lire  in  Kt-'"i-'i'"l  i'<|milly  distrilmled  in  '/V///».  si>iirsit,  they 
arc  iiiiich  more  irregularly  grouped  in  '/'rini.  mtitiiih'iii.nuis ;  the 
äi/e  and  numlier  of  the  drops  diminishes  u  lillle  from  the  liiise 
towards  the  apex  in  Tiiip.  s/>iirs(i;  their  number  only,  not  their  si/e 
diminishes  in  7'riii>.  rulinn/ijn'iiiti's ;  their  size  increasing  louiirds 
llie  po>terior  border  in  Trini.  sjinrsa.  this  is  not  the  case  in  '/'im». 
rotunilliniuih.  In  i'l'in*-  sjxirsd  the  white  crescent  seaining  the 
apex  oi'  the  wing  Is  entire,  in  7V//y<.  rii/inidii^ciuiis  it  is  ili,>,>(ilved 
into  several  spots.  l''iiially,  the  anterior  border  of  the  wings  of 
Triij).  r(i/ini</ijicHitis  bears  u  row  of  small  clear  spots,  wlicreas 
Trill».  fi>iir.'«i  has  no  trace  of  them. 
J/ii/>.  Middle  tstutcs.    (Ostcii-Saekcn.) 


14.  T.  l-laf  lirata  Lor.w.  J.  (Tut).  II,  ilj,.  1,").)— Caiia,  cajpil«'  iiedi- 
luis'iut'  llavis,  fouioribus  litunl  nigui  .sigmitis,  iilis  rare  ivticulatis.  i^tig- 
luati!  atro  ulbo-gattato,  puii.-tmiiio  luoiliic  iii(jilaoto,  probosciile  biovitur 
pciiiuulatil. 

Wliiti.--li-gi'ay ;  licad  anil  logs  yellow;  wings  witli  a  diffiiso  retiunlation, 
and  till)  lilack  .stigma  including  a  liniiiiil  drop;  oral  liorder  laodi'iatidy 
l>roloiigt'd,  proltoscia  shortly  geuiculated.  Long.  corp.  O.llJ  Long.  al. 
0.13. 

Head  yellowish;  the  lateral  borders  of  the  front,  the  face,  and 
the  much  descending  cheeks  whitish.  The  Ijristlcs  on  the  front 
black,  on  the  sides  of  the  vertex  and  posterior  orbit  white.  The 
face  with  rather  deep  subanteniial  furrows  prolonged  to  the  oral 
border,  which  is  not  very  projecting.  Antcnme  fulvous,  rather 
short ;  the  anterior  corner  of  the  third  joint  a  little  acute ;  the 
second  joint  with  very  short  black  hairs ;  antcnnal  bristle  )>lack 
and  moderately  long,  with  the  pubescence  scarcely  visible.  Tho- 
rax and  scutellum  whitish  gray,  with  short  pubescence  and  black 
bristles.  The  scuielluiii  bears  four  bristles,  the  two  apical  ones 
being  much  shorter  and  less  stout  than  the  lateral  ones  ;  its  tip  is 
sometimes  yellow.    The  whitish-gray  abdomen  has  two  rows  of  very 


TUYI'KTIDAE. 


81 


'■  1 


ili>lm('t  Mack  spots.  Tlic  liiiir  iiml  even  llic  l)ristl('s  on  (lic<  hind 
liortlor  of  lli(!  lust  stj,nii('nl  me  wliiic.  Tlit!  Hut  ovipositor  is  jrlossy- 
l)Iack,  as  lonj,'  as  tlic  two  last  scgrnoiits  of  llio  alxloinoii  and  niodiv 
ralcly  taperinj;  towards  tiie  tip.  'I'lio  Icjrs  and  ai<tcrior  co,\a!  arc 
(link  yellow,  with  white  Iniir.s;  tlic  thi>;!is  with  u  l)luckish  Htripu 
soniowhat  covered  with  whitish  dust.  Wind's  not  very  narrow,  hyn- 
lini',  with  the  base  very  slij^htly  yellowish;  their  i)lack  relieiilalion 
is  not  very  dense  and  not  very  delieate,  extendin«?  towards  the  liaso 
of  tlm  winj?  as  far  as  the  l)iise  of  the  diseal  cell,  and  dissolvinj; 
towards  the  a.xillary  anjric  into  some  scattered  spots;  stijjnia  Idnck, 
with  a  whitish  dot;  the  niiddlo  and  posterior  transverse  veins  rather 
approximate. 

J/ob.   .Middle  States.    (Osten-Sacken.) 

Observation. — The  proboscis  of  this  species  beinj?  .short  with  the 
suctorial  Haps  init  moderately  prolon^a-d,  attention  is  to  be  pnid  to 
its  true  place,  which  is  among  the  species  with  a  genicuhited  pro- 
l)0.scis. 

15.  T.  lllllllilis  liOi-.w.     %.     (Tall.  11,  Iil;.  17.)— Cinerea,  cajuto  pe<l' 
ImsiiiKi  llavis,  feuiorilms  nigiis,  iilis  ram  rotieiilatis,  stigui.ito  alio  nmi 
gattato,  pt'i'istouiio  valdo  luoduot«»,  juoltoscido  guiiiculata. 

CiiifretPiis  ;  head  ami  leu's  ycllciw,  with  tlic  fciiioia  l>Ia<;k ;  reticulation  (if 
tint  wings  (litfu^e,  ami  tlio  black  sÜLniia  incltiiling  iiu  liiiipicl  didji ;  oral 
liorder  much  prolonged  ;  proboscis  geniculatod.  Long.  corp.  O.Ci).  Long, 
al.  0.1. 

Amoiif;  the  kindred  of  the  Eurojican  Tryp.  r!oii;/tif-iI(i  TiOow, 
l)ut  in  its  habit  more  resembling  7V//^>.  uliainlhii  Fabr.  Head 
yellow,  considerably  prolonged  anteriorly.  I'ront  yellow,  dis- 
tinctly margined  with  white  at  the  orbit;  frontal  bristles  black. 
Face  excavated  with  the  anterior  border  of  the  month  much  pro- 
longed. Antenna3  bright  yellow,  proportionately  large  and  broad, 
reaching  as  far  as  the  i)rolonged  border  of  the  mouth  ;  the  ante- 
rior corner  of  the  third  joint  a  little  pointed  ;  the  second  joint  with 
very  short  black  hairs ;  antennal  bristles  very  long,  black,  with  a 
very  short  and  hardly  visible  pubescence.  Thorax  and  scutellum 
yellowish  asliy-gray  with  short  wliitish-yellow  hairs  and  black 
bristles.  In  the  middle  of  the  thorax  there  are  four  bristles,  the 
two  foremost  being  very  near  the  sutnrc.  Scutellum  with  only  two 
long  bristles  rather  distant  from  the  tip  and  not  close  by  its  lateral 
border.  Metanotum  black  with  grayish  pollen.  Abdomen  ashy- 
6 


"^' 


./■'■-if 


82 


riPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


B>    jji'i 


irray  witli  two  rows  of  rather  larcjc  blackish  spots.  Its  liairs  are 
whitish  ytliow  ;  .^oiue  black  bristles  on  the  posterior  border  of 
the  prolonfred  last  sejrnieiit.  Tip  of  the  iirst  joint  and  the  second 
joint  of  the  coxfc  rather  dark  yellow.  Femora  brownish-black, 
with  dark  yellow  tips.  Tibiie  and  tarsi  dark  yellow.  V'inrrs  pro- 
portioMat"ly  rather  long  and  narrow.  Their  reticulation  is  black, 
rather  diifusc  and  coarse;  the  base  of  the  wing  as  far  as  the  base 
of  the  discal  cell  has  no  reticulation.  The  black  stigma  includes 
no  clear  dot.  ^Moreover,  the  reticulation  of  the  wings  is  somewhat 
variable.     Transverse  veins  rather  near  each  other. 

Ih'h.  Cuba,    (roey.) 

Ohscrvdtinn. — I  have  a  female  likewise  captured  in  Cuba,  which, 
I  think,  belongs  to  the  present  species.  It  resemljles  the  male  in 
everything  but  the  femora,  which  are  darkened  to  a  much  sfiialler 
extent,  and  not  with  black,  but  brown.  The  borer  is  black,  flat, 
about  as  long  as  the  two  last  segments  of  the  abdomen  taken 


together. 


1«.  T.  solidn^tiiis  Fitch.  %  and  9.  (Tat).  11,  fit:.  lO.)— IJnfo 
fci-ni^'iiioM,  caiiitf  ]i('ilil)iis(iuo  tlavioi'il)nH,  froiitt;  latissima,  si-tis  sriit(>lli 
vallc  coiivfxi  (Inalnis.  alis  fusco-reticiilatis,  i'lcisuris  una  aiitcriore, 
«liialuis  i)(istL'iioril)us  apiceqne  hyalinii»,  parcissime  fusco-niaculatis. 

Browiiisli-fcrniiriiions  with  the  lieail  and  logs  more  yellow ;  front  very 
broad;  scutelluni  very  convex  with  two  bristles.  Wings  reticulated 
witli  fuscous  having  one  limpid  space  at  the  costa,  and  two  at  the 
posterior  border  scarcely  dotted  with  fuscous.  Long.  corp.  0.2().  Long, 
al.  0.20. 

.Sy.N.  Aciiiia  solidar/liiis  FiTcn.     First  Rep.  00. 

This  remarkable  species,  which,  according  to  'Sh'.  Fitch,  produces 
round  galls  on  the  stems  of  Solidngo,  has  no  near  relations  among  the 
European  Tij/fnUe.  In  consequence  of  the  extraordinary  breadth 
of  its  front,  the  breadth,  and  convexity  of  its  thorax,  and  the  in- 
flation of  its  large  scutellum,  it  has  the  appearance  of  a  large 
Li/xd-d.  It  is  brownish  ferruginous.  Head  more  yellow,  face 
almost  whitish.  The  bristles  of  the  unusually  broad  front  are 
black,  smaller  and  weaker  than  in  most  other  species,  so  that  one 
might  easily  be  tempted  to  refer  the  species  to  the  OrUtlidre,  if  the 
structure  of  the  auxiliary  vein  did  not  prove  that  it  belongs  here. 
Face  deepened  in  the  middle,  prominent  again  underneath.  An- 
tenna; yellow,  short  and  broad,  the  third  joint  having  a  rather  dis- 


TIlYl'ETIPAE. 


33 


tinct.but  not  shnrp  anterior  corner;  bristle  of  tVic  nntcnnrp  with  a 
hardly  visible  puljcscenoe.  Openinpj  of  the  month  very  wide ; 
palpi  and  ])rol)Oscis  short.  Thorax  very  convex  and  broad  ;  on  its 
npper  side  in  the  middle  u?nally  a  donblc  stripe  ending  abrupt!} 
i)ehind,  the  posterior  part  of  the  lateral  stripe  and  a  longitudinal 
streak  above  the  base  of  each  winjr,  black.  The  short  hairs  of 
the  thorax  are  whitish  yellow,  its  delicate  bristles  black.  Scutcl- 
Inni  very  convex,  quite  blunt;  the  posterior  pair  of  bristles  which 
in  most  species  exists  at  the  tip,  is  liere  always  wanting  so  that 
there  is  only  one  bristle  on  each  side  near  the  lateral  border ;  a 
second  weaker  bristle  is  seldom  inserted  immediately  beside  it. 
Abdomen  broad,  especially  in  the  male,  which  has  also  the  last 
segment  a  little  prolonged  and  rounded.  Borer  of  the  female  a 
little  longer  than  the  two  last  segments  taken  together,  moderately 
broad,  and  quite  flat,  red,  blackened  at  its  extremity.  Legs  rather 
dirty  yellow,  femora  more  brownish.  "Wings  rather  large  and  of 
more  equal  breadth  than  usual.  The  reticulation  of  tlic  wings  is 
almost  umber  brown  with  small  pale  brownish  drops  and  hyaline 
marginal  spots  very  rarely  dotted  with  brown  ;  the  first  of  these 
spots  is  triangular  and  extends  from  the  posterior  border  to  inside 
of  the  discal  cells  ;  the  second  is  much  sniallcr,  but  also  of  tri- 
angular form,  and  reaches  with  its  tip  to  the  fourth  longitudinal 
vein  ;  the  third  forms  a  margin  along  the  apex  of  the  wing,  reach- 
ing from  the  tip  of  tlie  second  longitudinal  vein  to  the  tip  of  the 
fourth  longitud'nal  vein  ;  the  last  spot  forms  a  small  oblique  tri- 
angle extending  from  the  costal  l)order  to  the  third  loniritudinal 
vein,  and  lying  immediately  beyond  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal 
vein.  A  costal  spine  does  not  exist.  The  first  longitudinal  vein 
is  more  hairy  than  bristly;  the  transverse  veins  arc  perpendicular; 
tile  small  transverse  vein  is  almost  at  the  end  of  the  second  third 
of  the  discal  cell ;  the  hind  angle  of  the  anal  cell  has  only  a  short 
point. 
7/f^^>.  New  York.  Cl^r- fitch.)  Washington.  (Osten-Sacken.) 
Observation. — This  species  '.as  so  many  peculiarities,  that  it 
might  easily  be  considered  as  the  type  of  a  new  genus.  The  broad 
front,  broad  and  convex  thorax,  a  scutelliim  having  only  two  bris- 
tles, the  first  longitudinal  vein  alone  being  hairy,  and  the  absence 
of  the  costal  spine,  would  be  its  most  essential  characters. 


m. 


Ir.. 


■  .'•'tl3 


i 

1 

■i" 

nn 

• 

a 

' 

i 

i   ■ 

it 


i 


r,'.  ■, 


m 


I, 


H  ■  If   ! 

ii'.i  r'"  r 


84 


DirTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


11.  T,  scriata  Loew.  %  .  (Tab.  II,  fig.  18.) — Flava,  alis  concoloribus, 
per  liiaculas  minutas  iiigiicautes,  seriatim  dispositas,  reticulalis  et  uigro- 
lirabatig. 

Yellow  ;  wings  of  the  same  color,  margined  with  black  and  reticulated 
with  small  blackish  spots,  ari'auged  iu  longitudinal  rows.  Long.  corp. 
0.124.     Long.  al.  0.20—0.27. 

Ilatlior  bright  yellow,  quite  uiiicoloroiis,  the  hairs  and  bristles 
also  yellow,  the  latter,  however,  appearing  brown  when  seen  in 
a  certiiin  light.  Front  rather  broad.  Face  descending  rather 
straight,  strongly  excavated,  however,  in  its  middle.  Proboscis 
short ;  palpi  rather  broad  and  short.  Scutellura  with  four  bristles. 
The  wings  are  proportionately  long,  and  of  very  equal  breadth. 
Their  yellow  ground  color  is  rather  obsolete  in  the  middle  line  of 
the  cells  and  on  the  posterior  border.  The  reticulation  of  the 
greater  part  of  the  wings  is  effected  by  blackish  angular  specks 
arranged  in  two  rows  between  each  two  veins ;  only  the  axillary 
angle  has  a  connected  blackish-gray  reticulation  formed  by  clear 
drops.  Immediately  before  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  begins  the 
black  margin  of  the  wing,  which  encompasses  the  apex  and  pro- 
ceeds to  the  ai'villary  angle,  growing  gradually  paler  in  its  progress, 
and  meeting  several  interruptions ;  the  most  remarkable  of  these 
interruptions  are  a  rather  hyaline  spot  Immediately  beyond  the 
tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  and  a  row  of  similar  round  spots 
along  the  posterior  border,  the  two  first  of  which  in  the  second 
posterlo"  cell,  the  following  more  frequent  towards  the  axillary 
angle.  The  third  longitudinal  vein  bears  very  distinct  bristles 
from  its  base  as  far  as  the  small  transverse  vein.  The  small  trans- 
verse vein  is  nearly  at  the  end  of  the  second  third  of  the  discal 
cell.  The  posterior  transverse  vein  is  not  quite  perpendicular. 
The  hind  angle  of  the  anal  cell  is  prolonged  into  a  moderately 
long  point. 

JIub.  Middle  States.    (Osten-Sacken.) 

IS.  T.  solaris  Loew.  $> .  (Tab.  II,  fig.  19.)— Cana,  capite  pedibusque 
luteis,  puncto  humerali  et  altero  ante  alarum  basim  flavis,  alis  albohya- 
linis,  macula  magna,  subapicali  nigra,  biguttatä,  et  radios  octo  emittente, 
ornatis. 

Whitish  gray  ;  head  and  legs  luteous,  a  dot  on  the  shoulder  and  another 
before  the  base  of  the  wings  yellow ;  wings  whitish  hyaline,  with  a  sub- 


I   . 


d'i. 


t'-sr- 


TRYl'ETIDAE. 


85 


apical  black  spot  includiiiL,'  two  linipiil  drops  and  eniittini:  eight  rays  to 
the  border  of  the  wing.     Lmii,'  corp.  0.17.     I.oiig.  al.  (Mil — 0.17. 

One  of  the  frroup  of  the  European  7'.  stclJaUi  Fuessl.,  cometn 
Locw,  gnapluih'i  Loew,  etc.,  and  very  niucli  resenilding  these 
species.  Head  yellow;  front  rather  broad;  frontal  bristles  black- 
ish ;  the  bristles  of  the  posterior  orbit  whitish.  Front  a  little 
prominent,  face  slightly  receding  and  a  little  excavated  in  the 
middle,  so  that  the  borer  of  the  mouth  projects  again.  Antenna} 
rather  broad,  reaching  down  to  beyond  the  middle  of  the  face,  with 
the  bristle  having  a  very  short,  hardly  visible  pubescence.  Open- 
ing of  the  mouth  very  large ;  proboscis  and  palpi  short.  Thorax 
whitish-gray  with  a  pale  yellow  dot  at  the  shoulder  angle,  and  a 
second  immediately  before  the  base  of  the  wing.  The  short  hairs 
of  the  upper  side  of  the  thorax  are  whitish,  the  bristles  blackish  ; 
of  the  four  bristles  in  its  middle,  the  first  pair  is  very  near  the 
suture.  Scutellum  with  only  two  long  bristles.  Abdomen  whitish- 
gray  at  the  base,  more  ashy  gray  towards  the  end,  with  short, 
whitish-yellow  hairs,  the  hind  border  of  the  last  segment  having 
black  bristles.  L'orcr  shining  black,  flat,  tapering  towards  the 
end,  nearly  as  long  as  the  three  last  abdominal  segments  taken 
together,  with  black  hairs.  Logs  dark-yellow.  Wings  whitish 
hyaline  before  the  ti])s,  with  a  large  radiating  spot,  incumbent  to 
the  costal  border;  this  black  spot  includes  two  clear  drops,  one 
of  wliich  on  the  costal  border  immediately  behind  the  tip  of  the 
second  longitudinal  vein,  the  socond  between  the  two  transverse 
veins  at  the  ante  ior  side  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein.  The 
first  ray  runs  from  the  anterior  end  of  the  small  transverse  vein  to 
the  stigraa,  in  which  it  vanishes ;  the  second  is  shorter  and  reaches 
tiie  costal  border  between  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  and 
t)ie  black  spot  itself;  the  third  and  fourth  rays  run  to  the  tip  of 
the  wing,  reaching  it  at  the  tips  of  the  third  and  fourth  longitu- 
dinal veins  ;  the  fifth  and  sixth  cross  the  second  posterior  cell ;  the 
seventh  includes  the  posterior  transverse  vein  and  reaches  the  [)os- 
terior  border  of  the  wing,  whereas  the  eighth  reaches  only  to  the 
fifth  longitudinal  vein.  The  small  transverse  vein  lies  outside  of 
the  black  spot ;  yet  in  its  whole  neighborhood  the  surface  of  the 
wing  is  brownish,  and  a  small  ui'>yspot  lies  immediately  before  it. 
Transverse  veins  approximated,  perpendicular ;  the  small  trans- 
verse vein  rather  far  beyond  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein. 

JIah.  Georgia.    (Osten-Sacken.) 


,v'./\' 


;'>'r.'';i  ■  1  19 


.Ä^V 


V;.; 


H 


86 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


19.  T.  aeqtlUlis  Loew.  % .  (Tab.  II,  lig.  20.)— Flava,  uuicolor,  alin 
wqualiter  fusco-reticulatis,  guttis  hv.Muis  plerisque  uiajoribus. 

Yellow,  unicolored,  with  the  brown  reticulation  of  the  wings  very  uniform 
and  most  of  the  linipicl  drops  of  conaiderable  size.  Long.  corp.  0.22 — 
0.23.     Long.  al.  0.23. 

Totally  yellow,  also  the  hairs  and  bristles,  only  the  anterior 
fronial  bristles  and  those  at  the  hind  liordcr  of  the  last  abdominal 
segment  being  brownish.  Front  rather  broad  and  short.  Face 
descending  nearly  straight,  excavated  a  little  above;  the  border 
of  the  month  not  projecting.  Antcnnse  yellow,  slightly  descend- 
ing beyond  the  middle  of  the  face,  third  joint  rather  narrow,  bristle 
with  an  extremely  short,  hardly  visible  i)nljesccnce.  Opening  of 
the  mouth  small,  a  little  prolonged  anteriorly,  so  that  its  form  is 
almost  triangnlar.  I'roboscis  and  palpi  of  middle  size.  The  first 
pair  of  the  bristles  inserted  in  the  middle  of  the  thorax,  is  very 
near  the  transverse  suture.  Scutellum  with  four  bristles.  Ijegs  a 
little  more  slender  than  usual,  tarsi  longer;  anterior  feniora  rather 
thick,  with  remarkable,  pale  yellowish  bristles  ou  the  under  side. 
Wings  of  rather  equal  breadth,  hyaline  with  a  brownish  reticulation 
of  unusual  uniformity.  !Most  of  the  drops  forming  it  are  rather 
large ;  those  on  the  costal  border  are  more  oblong,  and  separated 
by  short  blackish-brown  rays ;  the  color  of  the  reticulation  near 
the  border  of  the  wings  is  considerably  darker  than  in  the  middle 
of  the  wing.  The  small  transverse  vein  lies  far  beyond  the  tip  of 
the  first  longitudinal  vein,  and  a  little  beyond  the  third  fourth  of 
the  discal  cell ;  the  posterior  transverse  vein  is  a  little  oblique. 

JIab.  Illinois.    (Kennicott.) 

rJO.  T.  festiva  LoKW.  ^  and  J.  (Tab.  II,  fig.  21.)— Flava, unicolor, 
terebril  f<rnunft;  valde  t'loiigntä  fusc,^,  alls  liyalinis  iiucqiialiter  retlculatis, 
in  apice  radiatis,  picturä  in  basi  et  disco  Havescente,  prope  marginem  an- 
ticum  et  in  triente  alarum  apicali  uigro-fusca. 

Yellow,  unicolored ;  the  borer  of  the  female  brown  and  very  prolonged ; 
reticulation  of  the  wings  unequal,  radiated  in  the  apex,  yellowish  at  the 
base  and  in  the  disk,  dark  fuscous  near  the  borders  and  on  the  apical 
third  of  the  wing.  Long.  corp.  %  0.17—0.18,  f  0.20—0.23.  Long. 
al.  0.22. 

Kather  bright  yellow ;  hairs  and  bristles  almost  all  of  the  same 
color,  only  the  anterior  frontal  bristles  as  well  as  the  bristles  of 


m: 


TllYI'ETIDAE. 


8T 


.,  Y 


the  hind  border  of  the  last  abdominal  segment  brownish,  and  the 
short  hairs  in  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  mostly  blackish.  Front 
of  middle  breadth.  Face  rather  narrow,  descending  almost  per- 
pendicularly, slightly  excavated;  border  of  the  month  not  promi- 
nent. Antenmc  yellow,  reaching  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
face  ;  the  third  joint  not  broad,  with  the  bristle  having  a  very  short, 
hardly  visible  jjubescence.  Opening  of  the  month  rather  large, 
raised  a  little  anteriorly.  Pro!)oscis  and  palpi  of  middle  size. 
Checks  descending  a  little  beneath  the  eyes.  The  foremost  of  the 
two  pairs  of  bristles  inserted  in  the  middle  of  the  thorax  is  close 
by  the  transverse  suture.  Scuteilum  with  four  bristles.  Abdo- 
men sometimes  brownish-tawny,  leaving  the  hind  borders  of  the 
scgnuint  paler  ;  this  color  seems  to  result  from  desiccation,  since  in 
some  individuals  the  abdomen  is  uniformly  yellow.  The  borer  is 
conical,  narrow,  not  flattened,  nearly  as  long  as  the  four  last  ab- 
dominal segments  taken  together,  blackish-brown  in  well-colored 
individuals,  red  with  black  extremity  in  more  recent  individuals. 
AVings  hyaline,  the  reticulation  being  blackish-brown,  paler  and 
yellowish-brown  near  the  base  and  in  the  middle  of  the  wing.  In 
the  middle  of  the  wing  there  are  only  a  few  drops  of  considerable 
size,  four  of  which  are  remarkable  for  tkoir  regular  i)osilion  and  a 
more  whitish  appearance ;  one  of  these  droi)s  is  above,  the  second 
before,  the  third  behind  the  small  transverse  vein,  the  fourth  in  the 
discal  cell  nearly  before  the  jJOuterior  transverse  vein.  The  reticu- 
lation sends  the  following  Ijlackish-brown  rays  to  the  border  of  the 
wing  :  1.  A  narrow  one  to  the  middle  of  the  exterior  costal  cell ; 
2,  A  narrow  one  to  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  ;  3.  A  broader 
one,  the  end  of  which  is  sometimes  separated  as  a  spot,  to  the 
middle  of  the  stigma,  and  another  being  sometimes  confluent  with 
it,  to  the  end  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein ;  4.  A  narrow  one 
rising  from  the  first  of  the  four  drops  enumerated  above;  5.  A 
very  broad  one  reaching  the  border  of  the  wing  between  the  fore- 
going ray  and  the  tip  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  ;  6.  A  ray 
running  to  the  tip  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  ;  t.  A  ray  end- 
ing between  the  tips  of  the  second  and  third  longitudinal  veins ; 
8  and  9.  Two  rays  running  to  the  tips  of  the  third  and  fourth 
longitudinal  veins;  10  and  11.  Two  rays  crossing  the  second  jjos- 
terior  cell,  the  second  of  which  joins  the  reticulation,  which  is 
formed  by  a  few  large  drops,  and  fills  the  hind  part  of  the  wing  as 
far  as  the  axillary  incision.     Small  transverse  vein  a  little  inclined 


r-" 


i:-:r- 


•1.  •■) 


]  "l 


if.'^' 


SS 


nrannA  of  north  America. 


I?: 

I 


t'xtoriorly,  ]»lacetl  at  tlic  end  of  tlic  sccoiul  tlilrd  of  the  discal  cell ; 
posterior  transverse  vein  steep. 

Jlah.  Pennsylvania.   (Osten-Sacken.) 

!21.  T.lit'f  .a  LoKw.  ^andf.  (Tab.  II,  fig.  23.) — Flavo-cinerea,rai)ite, 
IH'ilibus  ali(l(mii)it'(iuo  lutcis,  hoc  apicoiii  vorsua  nigricante,  alis  iii,i,'io- 
retic'ulatirt,  in  ajiice  radialis,  giitt's  disci  paucissimis,  pone  venulaiu 
transversam  uullil. 

Yellowisli  gray;  head,  h\crs,  and  abdomen  yellow,  the  latter  blackened 
towards  tlio  end  ;  retieulation  of  the  wings  radiating  at  the  apex,  black, 
with  very  few  drops  in  the  middle;  no  drops  at  all  beyond  the  small 
tiansverso  vein.  Long.  corp.  %  0.12 — 0.13.  f  0.13 — 0,15.  Long.  al. 
0.11—0.12, 

Head  rather  pale  yellow,  front  and  antenna;  sometimes  darker, 
the  former  being  of  middle  breadth,  sughtly  narrowed  anteriorly. 
Face  rather  narrow,  nearly  perpendieulac,  slightly  excavated,  the 
anterior  border  of  the  mouth  again  projecting  a  little.  Antenna; 
yellow,  reaching  to  nearly  the  border  of  the  mouth;  the  third  joint 
somewhat  broad,  with  the  bristle  having  an  extremely  short,  hardly 
visible  pubescence.  Opening  of  the  mouth  very  large,  a  little  raised 
anteriorly.  Proboscis  and  palpi  rather  large.  Cheeks  descending 
a  little  beneath  the  eyes.  Thorax  yellowish-gray.  Scutellum  of 
the  same  color,  pale  yellow  at  the  tip,  to  a  larger  or  smaller 
extent,  with  four  bristles.  ]N[etanotum  black,  but  dark  gray  from 
its  being  dusted  with  paler.  Abdomen  dark  yellow,  black  towards 
the  extremity;  well  preserved  si)ecimens  show  distinctly  that  this 
black  color  is  produced  by  each  of  the  last  segments  having  two 
large  blackish  spots,  which  leave  an  intermediate  streak,  and  the 
posterior  border  yellow;  in  most  specimens  these  black  spots  are 
not  distinct,  or  only  the  hind  borders  of  the  last  segments  are 
l)alcr.  Borer  black,  rather  broad,  narrower  towards  the  end,  flat, 
little  longer  than  the  two  last  segments  taken  together.  Legs 
yellow.  Hairs  of  the  whole  body  and  all  bristles  yellowish,  oidy 
the  very  short  hairs  of  the  borer  being  black.  The  reticulation  of 
the  wings  is  blackish-brown,  leaving  only  the  innermost  base  of 
the  wing  free,  with  the  excc|)tion  that  it  has  some  blackish  spots. 
In  the  middle  of  the  wing  there  are  so  few  clear  drops,  that  the 
l)lack  color  is  not  only  continuous,  but  also  occupies  most  part  of 
the  surface ;  in  the  sub-marginal  cell  there  is  only  one  clear  drop, 
near  the  hind  side  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  and  a  little  beyond 
the  small  transverse  vein.     Between  the  third  and  fourth  longitu- 


TBYTETIDAE. 


8'} 


(liiinl  veins  tliore  is  only  a  sinjrle  clcnr  drop  on  the  anterior  side  of 
the  antepenultimate  portion  of  tlie  fourth  Ion«?itudinal  vein.  The 
want  of  that  drop  which  is  usually  inside  of  the  said  interval  be- 
yond the  small  transverse  vein,  is  very  characteristic  of  this  species, 
as  is  also  the  consideral)le  depth  and  blacker  color  of  the  convexity 
existiiif;  there.  In  the  discal  cell  there  is  ahvajs  one  drop  on  the 
liind  side  of  the  penultimate  portion  of  the  fourth  lonj^itudirial 
vein,  and  one  or  more  such  drops  on  the  anterior  side  of  the 
fifth  longitudinal  vein.  The  third  jiosterior  cell  and  the  axillary 
angle  of  the  wing  have  a  reticulation  produced  by  a  few,  propor- 
tionately large,  hyaline  drops.  The  reticulation  of  the  wings 
emits  ten  rays  to  the  borders,  corresponding  to  those  of  Tryp. 
fesiivn,  except  that  the  first  ray  of  the  latter  species  is  wanting 
totally  in  Tryp.  hclla,  and  the  two  rays  described  under  Xo.  3  in 
Tryp.  festiva  are  reunited  into  one  single  ray  in  Tryp.  hella ;  the 
last  ray  in  Tryp.  hcUa  is  usuaily  connected  again  with  the  remain- 
ing reticulation  ;  in  this  case  the  second  posterior  cell  also  con- 
tains a  separated  clear  drop.  Posterior  transverse  vein  not  ([uite 
perpendicular. 

Jliih.  AVashington.  (Osten-Sackcn).     New  York.  (Dr.  Fitch.) 
Ohscrvdtion. — Among  the  specimens  forwarded  by  Baron  Osten- 
Saeken  there  \.'as  one  bearing  the  name  of  Aciuüi  belhi  Filch.     I 
have  therefore  adopted  this  name  for  this  fine  new  species. 
Note. — Very  commou  on  Ambrosia  artcmisunfolia. — 0.  S. 


%l 


22.  T.  latifl'oiis  LoEW.  9.  (Tab.  II,  fig.  22,)— Obsciira,  capite,  tibiis 
tar!«i.*(iuo  Üavesceiitibus,  fronte  latissiinä,  scutello  couvexo  biseto,  ali.^ 
latiusculis,  parce  et  satis  spqualiter  nigro-fusco  reticulatis  et  in  apice 
breviter  radialis,  bulla  celluhe  posterioris  prima;  permagna. 

Obscure ;  head,  tibiie,  and  tarsi  yellowish ;  front  very  broad ;  seutellum 
voiy  convex,  with  two  bristles ;  wings  rather  broad,  with  the  blackish 
reticulation  rather  uniform,  but  little  crowded,  and  emitting  short  rays 
at  the  tip ;  the  first  posterior  cell  with  a  very  large  convexity.  Long. 
Corp.  0.3(t.     Long.  al.  0.27. 


The  single  specimen  of  this  species  which  I  have  seen  being  oily, 
I  can  say  nothing  certain  about  the  color  of  its  body.  On  th'^  upper 
side  of  the  thorax  there  is  a  broad,  simple  intermediate  stripe,  and 
on  each  side  a  bipartite  lateral  one,  moreover  a  darker  streak  above 
the  base  of  the  wing.  Metanotum  black,  shining.  The  last  abdo- 
minal segment  shining  blackist>-brown.     Head  yellowish ;   front 


■.-■/■ 


...  ■  *si 

m 


I 


% 


1 

!  1. 


■  li  v: 


90 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTn  AMERICA. 


exceedingly  brond ;  frontal  bristles  blnck ;  on  the  Iftteral  border 
there  arc  only  two,  bent  anteriorly.  Face  jjcrpendienlur,  deeply 
exeavnted  in  the  middle,  gradually  projecting  ajrnin  below.  Aii- 
tennie  yellowish,  short,  very  broad,  the  third  joint  having  a  distinct, 
though  not  sharp  anterior  corner,  the  brisi'e  witii  an  exceedingly 
short  i)ubesoenee.  Checks  naher  broad.  Op^  ning  oC  the  month 
large;  prol)oscis  short;  pulpi  very  broad  and  jtrojeeling  much 
over  the  border  of  the  monih.  The  short  hairs  of  the  thorax  arc 
whitish-yellow,  the  bristles  black  ;  the  anterior  one  of  the  two  pairs 
of  l)ristles  inserted  in  the  mitldle  of  the  thorax  is  very  near  to  tiic 
suture.  Seutellum  very  convex,  with  only  two  bristles.  IJorer 
shining  black,  a  little  longer  than  the  three  last  alxlominal  seg- 
ments taken  together,  conical,  not  llattened  nt  all,  a  little  iiillated 
at  the  basal  half.  Femora  almost  black  at  the  base,  further  on 
brown,  yellow  at  the  tip;  tarsi  and  tibiie  yellow,  the  latter  brown- 
ish-yellow towards  the  base.  "Wings  rather  broad,  covered  entirely 
with  a  black  reticulation;  the  drops  in  it  are  more  numerous, 
larger,  and  hyaline  on  the  borders  of  the  wings,  much  more  scarce, 
smaller,  and  mostly  yellowish-brown  in  their  middle.  There  are 
eight  short,  blaekisli-browu  rays  on  the  portion  of  the  costal  bor- 
der lying  beyond  the  tip  of  the  lirst  longitudinal  vein  and  at  the 
ti})  of  the  wing.  Hetwee'i  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins 
there  is  only  a  single  hyaline  drop  before  the  small  transverse  vein. 
Transverse  veins  perpendicular;  the  convexity  of  the  first  posterior 
cell  very  large  and  deep,  rendering  thereby  its  surroundings  rather 
uneven. 

J/nl).   Carolina.    (Zimmermann.) 

23.  T.  ilic'lanogastra  LoF.w.  %  and  9.  (Tab.  II,  fig.  23.)— Flavo- 
ciiierea,  abiloiniiio  nigro,  capite  pedibusque  flavis,  alis  hyalinis,  iiigro- 
retienlatis  et  in  apico  breviter  radiati.s,  guttis  disci  pancissiinis,  buUil 
cellulse  po.sterioris  primre  minima,  scutello  biseto. 

Yellowish-gray;  abdomen  black,  head  and  legs  yellow;  wings  hyaline 
with  a  black  reticulation,  short  apical  rays,  few  discal  limpid  droi>s,  and 
a  small  convexity  in  the  first  posteriov  cell ;  seutellum  with  two  bristles. 
Long.  Corp.  %  0.09— 9  0.12.     Long.  al.  0.12. 

Yellowish-gray,  with  a  black  abdomen.  Head  yellow;  front 
bright  yellow,  of  middle  breadth  ;  frontal  bristles  brown,  but  aj)- 
pearing  yellow  in  a  reflected  light.  Face  rather  narrow,  descend- 
ing straight,  excavated  in  the  middle,  gradually  projecting  again 


t-,'.  .... 


i 


1 


TRYPETIDAE. 


91 


beneath.  Antemioe  ycllowlsli,  rutlier  broad,  with  tlie  tliiril  joint 
liavin}^  a  distinct  anterior  corner,  and  the  bristle  with  a  siiort, 
liardly  visible  jjubcseence.  Eyes  almost  round.  Cheeks  narrow. 
Opeiiiiif?  of  the  mouth  large;  ])rüboscis  and  palpi  short.  The 
short  hairs  of  the  thorax  jiale  yellowish,  the  bristles  brownish  ;  the 
first  of  the  two  pairs  of  bristles  in  the  middle  of  the  thorax  very 
near  the  transverse  suture.  Scutellum  of  the  color  of  the  thorax, 
but  usually  yellow  at  the  tij),  with  two  bristles.  Abdomen  and 
njotanotum  black,  rather  jjloss)  ;  the  short  and  scattered  hairs  of 
the  former  pule  yellowish.  IJorer  Hat,  shinin«;:  black,  ncaily  as 
long  as  the  abdomen.  Legs  yellow.  "Wings  hyaline,  with  the 
reticulation  blackish  and  a  little  interrupted,  leaving  oidy  the 
innermost  base  of  the  wing  free.  T!ie  fallowing  hyaline  spots 
jtroduco  the  reticulation  on  the  I)orders  of  the  wing:  one  before 
the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein;  two  between  the  tips  of  the  first  and 
second  longitudinal  veins,  and  sometimes  a  drop  immediately  l)efore 
the  ti|)  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  live  oblong  incisions  limit- 
ing the  four  rays  emitted  to  the  tij)  of  the  wing;  a  clear  drop 
touching  the  border  beyond  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein, 
often  confluent  with  a  drop  lying  immediately  above  it,  and  forming 
thereby  an  incision  ;  three  droi)S  between  the  tips  of  the  fifth  and 
sixth  longitudinal  veins,  the  intermediate  of  which  is  the  largest ; 
a  drop  immediately  before  the  tip  of  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein, 
and  one  in  the  axillary  angle.  On  the  middle  of  the  wing  there 
are  the  following  rather  large  clear  drops  :  one  on  the  hind  side  of 
the  second  longitudinal  vein,  a  little  beyond  the  small  transverse 
vein  ;  the  others  on  the  anterior  side  of  the  fourth  longitudinal 
vein,  one  being  before,  the  other  behind  the  small  transverse  vein; 
one  on  the  anterior  side  of  the  l;fth  longitudinal  vein,  and  a  little 
before  the  smal'  transverse  vein,  hiiving  sometimes  a  small  drop  on 
each  side ;  a  very  large  drop  in  the  middle  of  the  third  posterior 
cell,  and  a  very  minute  one  at  the  innermost  base  of  this  cell. 
Huh.  Cuba.    (Poey.) 


■r.»f>:  'fi. 


AITENDIX  i. 


I  give  here  as  an  appendix  a  translation  of  Wiedemann's  descrip- 
tions of  four  species,  which  I  have  formerly  seen,  but  have  not 
before  me  at  present. 


■■.*•■■:%'. 


A'-  ■ 


W 


m 


1 

■': 

5i1 

i 

'V 
■    1  - 

0» 

1 

,  1 

99 


PII'TKRA  OP  NORTH  AMEUICA. 


1.  T.  li4-lif(>iiHf('iiiii  WiKD.    (AiHS.  Zwoill.  If,  4i»7,  31.)    %.    (Tub. 

II,  n«.  ur..) 

Clay-oolorod ;  wings  with  the  tip,  a  «(lunro  «pot  on  tlie  hind  l)onU»r,  an 
oljIi(|ue  hand  and  Home  dots,  brown.     Long.  corp.  0.12. 

Front  and  aiiteninc  rntlier  brifjlit  yellow,  uU  the  other  jmrts 
more  or  less  honey-yellow,  turninjjj  to  «-laji  color  on  the  tliora.x. 
The  fiiscons  color  of  the  apex  of  the  vvinj?  extends  farther  alonj? 
the  anterior  than  on  the  jjosterior  Imrder,  and  forms  r.  little  tooth 
on  the  fourth  lonpfltudinal  vein  ;  a  larji^c  scinaro  frscons  spot  is 
sitnated  on  the  hind  border,  and  includes  the  jiostirior  transverse 
vein.  IJotwecn  this  spot  and  the  brown  apex  there  is  a  triangular 
almost  hyaline  space,  having  a  very  limpid  drop  in  each  corner, 
and  includinpf  a  small  fuscous  spot  on  the  hind  border  of  the  win«;. 
The  anterior  corner  of  the  square  fuscous  spot  is  connected  with 
the  stigma  by  an  oblique  fuscous  band,  including  the  small  trans- 
verse vein  ;  there  are  besides  a  small  fuscous  dot  above  the  fifth 
longitudinal  vein,  and  another  slightly  larger  below  this  vein,  and 
also  a  brown  margin  of  the  small  basal  transverse  veins;  some 
pure  limpid  drops  of  a  rather  large  size  are  seen  near  the  Ijordera 
of  the  larger  brown  spots. 

Hub.  ]\[exico. 

Ohscrvation. — The  bristle  of  the  antenna)  is  thickened  nenr  the 
base  in  a  striking  and  peculiar  manner.  In  each  of  the  sinuses  of 
the  large  hyaline  spots  of  the  wing  there  is  a  large  whitish  drop, 
not  a  clear  one,  as  Wiedemann  states. 

2.  T.  Scutellaria  Wied.  (Auäs.  Zweifl.  II,  484,  13.)  %  a.m\  9. 
(Tab.  II,  figs.  2(i,  27.) 

Thorax  with  the  lateral  border  spotted  with  black ;  scutellnra  polished, 
brown  with  a  reddish  stripe ;  abdomen  marl?ed  with  blackish-brown 
bands  ;  wings  with  brown  bands  and  spots.     Long.  corp.  0.2(J. 

Antenno3  pale  ochreons ;  front  isabel la-colored,  with  the  upper 
part  gray.  Middle  of  the  thorax  grayish,  with  two  darker  stripes 
and  some  little  dots.  Scutellum  polished,  with  the  lateral  borders 
dark  brown  and  the  middle  reddish.  Abdomen  very  pale  gray  at 
the  base,  with  a  fuscous  band,  a  little  interrupted  in  its  middle  ; 
the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  abdominal  segments  each  with  a  similar 
band  at  the  base,  but  more  interrupted  in  the  middle  and  attenuated 


•iMf 


TRYPETIDAE. 


93 


townrds  tlie  sides.  Ovipositor  Itroiul,  red  on  eacl»  side  of  tlie  base, 
till'  ii'iiiiiiiider  gray,  witli  the  lip  fnsoous.  Wings  with  a  lirowii 
blind  ruiiiiing  over  tiie  1-asal  transverse  veins,  but  not  attaining  the 
jjostenur  border;  nnd  with  a  complete  band  l)efore  tiie  niichlle 
transverse  vein,  emitting  anotlier  oliiicpie  band  which  crosses  the 
two  transverse  veins  and  runs  to  the  jjosterior  border.  Tip  of  the 
wing  brown.  The  costal  portion  of  the  space,  inclnded  by  the 
second  band  and  the  brown  of  the  tip,  if?  tinged  with  l)rown  on 
its  biisal  half,  whereas  its  apical  half  is  yellow  and  spotted  with 
brown  l)eforc  a  small  hyaline  margin  of  the  brown  apex  ;  ojie  of 
the  brown  spots  in  the  yellow  half  reaches  the  third  longitudinal 
vein. 

Iliih.  Mexico. 

Ohsni'ntion. — The  nnmber  nnd  size  of  tlie  black'  spots  on  the 
lateral  border  of  the  thorax  is  rather  variable.  In  the  female  the 
abdomen  has  alternately  gray  and  black  bands;  in  the  male  only 
the  two  last  segments  of  the  abdomen  are  shining  black,  with  the 
exception  of  the  posterior  borders.  I  am  not  sure  whether  this 
species  is  a  real  Trypcta,  several  characters  seeming  to  prove  that 
it  1)el()ngs  to  OrtiiUs.  Many  years  have  elajjsed  since  I  have  seen 
it ;  besides,  at  that  time  I  was  not  quite  certain  about  the  true 
limit  between  the  Trypetidce  and  OrtaUdie. 


M^' 


3.    T.  comma  WiED.     (Auss.  Zweifl.  II,  478,  4.)     J.     (Tab.- II,  fig. 
28.) 

Of  a  pale  brick  color;  thorax  with  yellowish  hair;  wings  fuscous,  with  a 
liuipiil  costal  triangle,  including  a  fuscous  comma.     Long.  corp.  (i.*23. 

AntenniB  of  a  light  clay  color,  with  the  third  joint  very  short. 
Face  of  a  very  pale,  front  of  a  more  saturated  clay  color.  Thorax 
with  yellowish  hair.  Scutellum  and  pleurte  brownish-red.  Abdo- 
men a  little  paler.  Ovipositor  polished,  with  the  extremity  of  the 
tip  black.  Wings  fuscous,  with  numerous  lighter  little  dots,  grow- 
ing almost  hyaline  towards  the  hind  border.  There  is  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  costa  a  triangular  limpid  excision,  including  a  central 
fuscous  comma,  reaching  from  the  costa  to  the  Grst  longitudinal 
vein  ;  the  tip  of  the  wing  is,  in  an  almost  imperceptible  manner, 
margined  interruptedly  with  hyaline.  Poisers  yellow,  with  the 
knob  brown.     Legs  rcddish-ochreous,  tarsi  paler. 

Hub.  Kentucky. 


W^ 


>;\-i 


'»..•■■ 


■  t^y^^ 


!.¥• 


m 
M 


^ 


i 


W'. 


■  s.  t '' 


S,? 


! 


'■•> 


94 


PIPTRRA  OP  NORTH  AMKIUCA. 


Ni>le.—,'J\u]\i\nit  by  tlio  diameter  of  the  i)i(.'tnre  niul  tlir  vena- 
tion of  the  wiiif(s,  tliis  spceies  s'jenia  to  have  some  relation  to  T. 
tit)/i</(ii/iiiis  I'Mtcli.  [[  possess  speeiniens  from  Maryland  wliieh 
answer  this  description,  except  tliat  tlio  alMU)men  is  brown,  and 
that  there  is  an  elonpile<l  liyaline  spot  at  the  tip  of  tlie  sixth 
h)n;riliidiniil  vein.  .Mac(pnut  (Dipt.  Kxot.  II,  3,  p.  220)  had 
evidently  a  similar  specimen  Iiefore  liim,  and  took  it  for  Trypeta 
coniiiia.     I  incline  to  believe  that  ho  was  right. — ().  S.] 

•1.  T.  CUlfa  AVu;i>.  (AuHS.  ZwoKl.  II,  48i!,  10.)  J.  (Till).  II,  Hg. 
20.) 

I'lilo  rcddisli-yollow;  wiiiHS  lirownisli-ycllow,  n\nik('(l  with  liin|ihl  (linj)8 
mill  !i  liliu'k  (lot  towards  tin'  tiji,  tin»  lionlcrs  being  liniiiiil  and  ra<liateil 
with  bi'ownistli-ycllow.     Long.  corp.  d.:?. 

Antennse  brownish-yellow,  with  the  third  joint  very  short.  Face 
yellowish,  very  jtolished,  with  three  black  dots.  Front  oehreons, 
on  encli  side  with  a,  deep  black  dot  near  the  antenme.  l']yes  golden- 
prcen,  speckled  with  i)nri)lish.  Thorax  almost  brownish-yellow, 
with  indistinct  darker  stripes.  Scntellnm  polished,  with  two  t)lack 
dots  at  the  tip.  Abdomen  oehreons,  with  bristly  Iniirs  and  indis- 
tinct fiiscons  spots.  '\Vin^''s  shining,  clay  colored  on  the  disk,  from 
which  several  day-colored  rays,  margined  with  brown,  ran  to  the 
boHers  of  the  wing;  on  the  disk  there  arc  several  lin.j  id  drops 
encircled  with  black,  iind  some  brown  si>ots  appearing  violet  in  a 
certain  light,  and  farther  towards  the  apex  there  is  an  impresseil 
blaik  dot;  on  the  posterior  border,  towards  the  l)ase,  some  limpid 
drops  may  be  seen.  The  costa  has  two  or  three  snuiM  bristles  at 
the  end  of  the  anxiliary  vein. 

JJub.  Savannah, 


■■  >! 


APPENDIX  II. 


In  ordor  to  complete  this  paper  on  N.  A.  Tri/pctidip,  it  ha.'!  been  deemed 
\isefiil  to  reproduce  the  descriptions  of  the  species  of  this  family  found  in 
former  authors,  but  as  yet  not  identilied  by  Mr.  Loew.  As  four  of  the 
descriptions  of  this  category  are  already  presented  by  Mr.  Loew  in  the 
first  appendix,  I  give  here  tlie  remaining,  according  to  the  list  of  species 
on  p.  Ü1.  Four  species  only  from  .Jamaica,  described  by  Mr.  Walker,  have 
been  omitted,  as  their  descriptions,  published  in  English,  will  always  be 
easily  accessible  to  those  desirous  to  extend  their  collections  to  the  West 


'»m. 


TRYPP/riDAR.  V 

liHÜnn  Islntid«.  (TI108O  npccii'w  nrc  :  7'.  nridu^n  Walk.,  List  of  Dipt.  Hrit. 
Mus.,  vol.  iv.  1».  li'14;  T.  nn-'siti,  iliM.  ji.  Inld  ;  '/'.  nniln,  ilii.l.  p.  IoJm; 
7'.  iliin'd,  il)iil.  ]».  I(i4('.)  Tlic  ilfsciiplioii-i  piilili-<lifil  in  fcitcL'H  l.iii'.'iinL'fS 
I  havo  traii^ilati'il  into  KiigÜMli ;  iill  iiitüisuri'iiifnt.s  liavo  Imcn  reiluciül  to 
tuntlir«  uf  nil  iiiuh.  U.  ii. 


5.  T.  riicnfa  Famu.     (Syst.  Aull.  W2\,  'JI.     Kiit.  Syst.  IV,  :;.'|),  l!i4.) 
Miisr-a  luitotuiis  setiiriis,  oiiicrt'a,  uiio  tcstaoeo,  iilis  riisi'i.s,  nibo 

]llMU'tlltis. 

//>il>.  In  AtiicrioiD  iiicridionnlis  iiisulis.     Dr.  IMiiifr. 

C<jri)ns  parviiiii,  ('iiicromii,  iino  solo  testaceo  ;  uitu  l'iisctr,  jiiiiictis 
niiinLTosissimis  all»is.     Ociiü  viridcs. 

Aiitoiiim!  witli  a  bristle,  Iiodv  c'iii('i'<)iis,  onus  tpstncoons,  winjrs 
brown,  spoltcd  with  white.     (Ishinds  01  South  .VniiTica.) 

IJody  small,  ciiierous,  the  amis  idoiie  testaceous;  winj^s  brown, 
with  ininierous  white  dot.s;  eyes  ;,'reen. 

(Tliis  is  tidveii  IVoiu  J'Jutum.  JSi/st. ;  the  dcseription  in  S>/st.  Anil. 
is  still  shorter.) 

«.  T.  iiiirytia  Wat.k.  ^  (Walk.  List.  ftc.  IV,  p.  l(»2o.)— Fusca, 
ciiii'ii'o  tccta,  capitt)  fulvo,  nli(loiiiim!  jiiccc),  liasi  fiilvo,  palpis  antiMiiiis, 
pcililiusi|iitf  fiilvis,  alls  liuipiilin,  fusco  ijuadrifasclntis.  liHiij,'.  corii.  0.1. 
Loni;.  al.  al)oiit  ('.2. 

IJody  brown,  thinly  clothed  with  siiort  black  hairs;  head  and 
chest  lieset  with  very  few  black  bristles;  head  tawny,  adorned  with 
white  l)looin,  which  occupies  only  the  sides  of  the  crown  ;  sides  of 
the  face  without  bristles  ;  cpistoma  not  prominent ;  eyes  red  ;  fore- 
part sli}:;litly  conve.v,  its  facets  a  little  larj^a-r  thai»  those  else- 
where ;  sucker  black,  clothed  with  tawny  hairs;  palpi  tawny; 
feelers  tawny,  shorter  than  the  face  ;  third  joint  downy,  nearly 
conical,  rather  more  than  twice  the  len<^tli  of  the  second,  sliji'htly 
angular  on  the  upper  side  of  the  tip-;  bristle  black,  bare,  tawny 
and  stout  at  the  I)ase,  rather  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the 
third  joint  ;  chest  covered  with  }j:ray  bloom  ;  abdomen  pitchy, 
shiiung',  spindle-shap^'d,  tawny  at  the  liase,  much  longer  and  a  little 
narrower  than  the  chest ;  legs  tawny,  clothed  with  short  black 
hairs;  claws  black;  wings  colorless,  adorned  with  four  l)lack 
bands ;  the  first,  second  aiid  fourth  bands  extend  but  little  ))elow 
the  fore  border;  the  third  attains  the  hind  border  and  includes  the 
two  cross  veins ;  wing-ribs  and  veins  tawny,  the  latter  dark  to- 
wards the  tips,  and  in  the  dark  parts  of  the  wing ;  the  distance 


■»'■•J.  -.i;'  ' 


i' 


hU 


''l 


•Hi 


1% 


m . ! 


96 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


between  tlie  cross-veins  is  less  than  the  length  of  the  middle  cross- 
vein  ;  noiscrs  tawny. 

J/ab.  Florida.    (.Mr.  Donblcday.) 

T.  T.  liievarna  Walk.  9.  (Walk.  List.  etc.  IV,  p.  I(i23.)— l-'usca, 
cinoivu  tfcta,  alulomiiiH  basi  ciuereo,  apice  nigro,  palpis,  antennis,  i)t'(li- 
l)usi|iu'  Ailvis,  alls  albis  apico  I'usco  radiatis.  Long.  corp.  O.lo.  J^oiig. 
alar.  O.'-it. 

l>o(ly  dark  tawny,  thinly  clothed  with  tawi>y  hairs,  covered  wilh 
{.'".•ay  bloom,  which  has  a  tawny  tinge  on  the  breast;  head  tawny; 
bides  of  the  face  withont  bristles ;  epistonia  not  j)roininent;  eyes 
brassy,  adorned  with  green  and  »)uri)lc ;  forei)art  rather  flat,  its 
facets  larger  than  those  elsewhere;  sucker  tawny,  clothed  wilh 
tawny  hairs  ;  palpi  tawny,  beset  with  tawny  bristles;  feelers  tawny, 
u  little  .shorter  than  the  face;  third  joint  nearly  linear,  downy, 
very  slightly  rising  on  the  upper  side  at  the  tip,  which  is  trun- 
cated, full  twice  the  length  of  the  second  joint;  bristle  black, 
tawny  :nid  rather  thick  at  the  base,  rather  more  than  twice  the 
length  (if  the  third  joiut;  abdomen  obcoincal,  tawny,  gray  at  the 
base,  Ijlack  and  tapering  towards  the  tip,  much  longer  than  the 
chest;  legs  tawny,  clothed  with  short  black  hairs;  claws  black; 
wings  white,  adorned  near  the  tij)  with  a  large  brown  spot,  wliieii 
is  darkest  along  the  foreborder,  and  sends  forth  nine  rays  from  its 
paler  part;  it  includes  two  distinct  white  dots,  and  along  the 
border  are  others  incomplete;  it  has  a  tawny  tinge  above  the 
middli.'  cross-vein,  which  is  sei)araled  from  the  lower  cross-veiu  liy 
very  little  less  than  the  length  of  the  latter;  both  are  perpendicu- 
lar ;  wing-ribs  tawny ;  veins  black,  tawny  towards  the  base ; 
poiscrs  tawny. 

Hub.  Florida.    (Mr.  Doublcday.) 

S.  T.  lllt'xicaiia  WiFn.  't,.  (Auss.  Zw.  II,  .'ill.) — Fu?cano  giiscä ; 
pcdilias  luteis  ;  aba  bruiuioiw,  l>asi  guttisij[ue  uiaximam  partem  iiiaigiua- 
libiis  llmpidis.     Long.  corp.  O.o;». 

Antenna)  reddish  yellow;  face  paler;  front  of  a  more  intciise 
yellowish  red;  mesothora.x  brownish-gray;  abdomen  more  bhivuish- 
gray,  distinctly  pubescent  with  yellow  ;  bases  of  the  wing  hyaline, 
only  with  two  brown  streaks  between  the  costa  and  the  next 
vein  ;  the  remainder  of  the  wing,  about  three-fourths  of  it,  of  a 
saturated  brown  ;  the  anterior  border  with  two  pairs  of  oblicpiely 


,«  v 


TRYPETIPAE. 


97 


'-■ti  1  J.* . 


elongated  limpid  drops  ;  a  somcwliat  liirgcr  one  at  the  lip  of  the 
winsr ;  eight  or  nine  drops  on  the  posterior  liorder,  two  of  whioli 
arc  larger  than  the  others ;  three  drops  in  a  longitudinal  row  be- 
tween the  third  and  fourth,  and  several  larger  and  smaller  drops 
between  the  fourth  and  fifth  veins;  legs  bright  honey-yellow. 
JIab.  Mexico.     (Dcrlin  Museum.) 

9.  T.  SCUtellata  Wied.  9.  (Auss.  Zw.  II,  41)4.)— Fusca,  scutello 
nibiilo ;  alls  extroma.  basi,  fasciis,  punctis^ue  Liuia  fascitliiue  anteapicali 
eluttl  fuscis.     Long.  corp.  0.2G. 

]>ody  rather  slender.  Head  broader  than  the  thorax.  Last 
joint  of  antennse  elongated,  linear.  Antennso  and  hypostoma 
somewhat  reddish  yellow.  Front  brownish-red.  IJody  of  a  shade 
of  brown  which  holds  the  middle  betwc(Mi  the  color  of  chocolate 
and  that  of  cloves.  Thorax  with  a  grayish  rellcctioii.  t^houUlers, 
scutellum  and  occiput  somewhat  pale  reddish-yellow.  Abdomen 
narrow,  incisions  and  a  longitudinal  line,  at  least  beyond  the  middle, 
somewhat  whitish.  AVing  with  two  bands  at  the  root ;  the  anterior 
one  is  broader  and  somewhat  curved,  the  i)üslcrior  one  is  narrowed 
and  more  straight,  running  over  the  usual  cross-vein  ;  both  are 
entire  and  have  the  middle  cross-vein  between  them.  Ueforc  ihe 
tip  of  the  wing,  which  is  white,  there  is  a  somewhat  obsolete  band; 
before  this  bai\d  is  a  transverse  streak  nnd  still  more  internally, 
between  the  third  and  fourth  vein,  a  brown  dot.  Legs  brown, 
;'emora  in  part  reddish  brown. 

Jfab.  Mexico. 

10.  T.  iiiai-a;iiie|»iiiictata  Mac.).     (Hist.  Nat.  Dii.t.  II,  4(;4.     9. 
'J'ljilirilis.)     Long.  c(irp.  O.oli. 

Thorax  with  a  grayish  down  ;  alulonien  reddish  fulvous ;  wings 
l)liickish;  several  white  spots  nioug  the  borilers. 
JIab.  rhiladelphia. 

11.  T.  o1)li<|lia  Mac.!.     (Hist.  Nat.   Dqit.  II,  4(14:  I^'i.t.  Kxot.  11,3, 
2:!;>.     Tab.  XXX,  f.  11.      T.phrlli^.)     Lone.  <-oip.  (».-J:!. 

Vellow ;    metathorax  with  two  black  spots.     A\'ings  at    basis, 
along  the  anterior  border  and  three  obli(pie  transverse  bands;  a 
hyaline  spot  at  the  anterior  l)order,  l)rownish  ferruginous. 
'  J/ab.  Cuba. 


1.* 
■*<l,v-,',- 


!%'i 

;"»( 


lite'      :       'i^'n 

'^''  Wim 


i 


»u 


5».   .-.■ 


98 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Xolr. — The  description  has  been  translated  literally,  although  it  is  not 
very  clear,  and  the  figure,  without  description,  given  in  the  Diptere'«  Exo- 
tiques,  does  not  seem  to  agree  with  it. — 0.  S. 

I'i.  T.  quadi-ifasciata  Maccj.  (Dipt.  Exot.  II,  3, 22G,  7.  Tab.  XXX, 
f.  8.     %;   Tephr'uis.)     Long,  coi-p.  0.24. 

Head,  proboscis  and  anteniiie  ferruginous ;  antennal  bristle 
tomentose  ;  thorax  brown,  witli  a  whitish  down  anteriorly.  Abdo- 
men brown,  with  brownish  incisures;  legs  testaceous;  wings 
brownish  fulvous  with  four  hyaline  oblique  bands,  reaching  the 
posterior  border;  the  third  of  them  touches  at  the  same  time  the 
anterior  border.  The  spaces  between  the  hyaline  bands  are  ful- 
vous, margined  with  brown. 

Hah.  Georgia. 

13.  T.  nigi-iveiltris  Macq.  9.  (Dipt.  Exot.  Suppl.  V,  124;  Uro- 
phnra.) — Testacea  ;  abdomino  nigro;  alis  fuscis,  niargine  oxternoduabus 
niaculis,  interne  una  macula,  disco  duobus  punctis  limpidis.  Long, 
corp.  0.25. 

Proboscis,  palpi,  face,  front  and  antennae  testaceous ;  thorax 
testaceous ;  its  dorsum  brownish  with  a  slight  whitish  down.  Ab- 
domen black,  shining ;  legs  fulvous,  the  last  joints  of  the  tarsi 
brown;  poisers  yellowish-white;  wings  brown;  two  hyaline,  tri- 
angular spots  about  the  middle  of  the  anterior  border ;  interval 
between  these  two  spots  yellow ;  a  similar  spot  on  the  posterior 
border,  nearer  to  the  tij) ;  two  small,  oblong  spots,  likewise  hya- 
line, about  the  middle  of  the  disk ;  neuration  normal. 

Hub.  Baltimore. 


14.  T.  lioauvoisii  Ron.  Desv. 
Lenu'th  0.32. 


(Myodaires,  etc.,  p.  7(30.     PrioncUa.) 


Antenna)  and  front  yellowish ;  face  whitish ;  thorax  brownish- 
gray  on  the  back,  pale  fulvous  on  the  sides ;  abdoiiien  whitish, 
annuluted  with  reddish-black,  with  the  last  segment  reddish  ;  legs 
pale  fulvous ;  wings  hyaline  with  four  reddish-brown  fasciio. 

This  species  was  contained  in  Talisot  de  IJeauvois's  collection, 
and  probably  comes  from  the  United  States. 


15.  T.  Tillosa  Hon.  Dk; 


TRYPETIDAE. 

sv.     (Hill,     Prionilla.) 


99 


M: 


Tliis  species,  the  antennal  bristle  of  which  is  liairy,  has  the  body, 
the  front,  the  Icga  and  the  antenii-i;  yellow  ;  the  back  of  the  thorax 
shows  interrupted,  shiniiij,^  black  lines;  two  transverse  whitish 
lines  on  the  abdomen,  the  last  segment  of  which  is  black ;  wings 
hyaline  with  four  flavoscent  fasciae. 

Patria  like  the  p'*<^ceding. 


16.  T..asteris  IIakris. 
Long.  Corp.  0.2. 


(Treatise,  etc.,  2cl  edit.  p.  498,  Sd  edit.  p.  G20.) 


Of  a  light  yellowish-brown  color,  with  paler  legs  ;  wings  broad, 
rounded  at  the  tip  and  clouded  with  brown  in  large  spots,  forming 
three  wide,  irregular  bands  across  them.  (New  England;  pro- 
duces swellings,  as  large  as  a  walnut  on  the  stems  of  the  native 
asters  or  starworts.) 


APPENDIX  III. 

The  manuscript  of  Mr.  Loew  was  already  prepared,  wlien  he  received 
from  me  four  Tri/petw  not  described  in  it.  The  first  is  a  species  of  Say; 
the  three  others  have  been  published  by  Mr.  Loew  since,  in  the  /Jirlinir 
Entomolof/ische  Zeitschrift.  I  reproduce  here  tlie  description  of  T.  uhlii/ua 
Say,  as  well  as  those  of  the  other  species,  the  latter  in  English  translation, 
as  they  appeared  in  Latin.  0.  3. 

IT.  T.  obliqua  Say.  %  and  J .  (Sc;/,  Journ.  Acad.  Phil.  VI,  p. 
ISO.) — Flava,  ala3  fasciis  obliquis  flavis,  fusco-uiargiiiatis,  abdomen 
seriebus  duabus  puuctorum  nigrorum. 

Yellowish,  wings  with  oblicjue  yellow  bands,  margined  with  brown ;  abdo- 
men with  two  series  of  black  dots.     Long.  corp.  0.1 — 0.13. 

Body  pale  brownish-yellow ;  wings  with  a  definite  yellowish 
costal  border,  and  three  very  obli(iue  bands  i)roceediMg  from  the 
costal  border ;  basal  band  terminating  on  the  posterior  border 
midway  between  the  fifth  and  sixth  longitudinal  veins ;  middle 
band  terminating  at  the  ti^)  of  the  fifth  vein  ;  outer  band  termi- 
nating at  the  tip  of  the  fourth  vein  ;  yellow  margin  of  the  costal 
border  ending  a  little  beyonil  the  third  vein  ;  the  bands  are  edged 
exteriorly  with  a  black  line,  which  is  dilated  into  a  spot  at  ti}), 
thorax  with  two  black  dots  behind  ;  scutel  yellow,  pale  ;  abdomen 
with  a  series  of  black  dot^^  each  side.  The  wing-l)ands  are  parallel 
and  equidistant,  the  intervals  are  as  broad  as  the  bands. 


^ 


m 


♦;J*^ 


4§ 


.i».»,'Ai ' 


1 

'ill 

;p| 

'^t 

100 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


w;     1  ■.' 


Jfuh.  Indiana.  (Say.)  Pennsylvania.  (Osten-Sacken,  on  Ver- 
nonio,  in  August.) 

Nntc. — The  above  description,  which  is  Say'.s,  will  he  sufficient  for  the 
recotriiition  of  the  species.  I  have  modified  the  terminology  to  make  it 
agree  with  that  iised  in  this  publication,  and  will  only  add  that  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  bears  some  black  bristles,  that  both  cross-veins  are 
obliiiue,  that  the  posterior  portion  of  the  fourth  vein  is  distinctly  arcuated 
at  its  base,  and  that  the  tip  of  the  wing  has  a  peculiar  whitish  relloction. 

0.  S. 

l.H.  T.  alba  LoEW.  %  and  9.  (Loew,  Berl.  Entom.  Zeitschr.  1861, 
p.  345.) — AlUida,  alis  concoloribus  ininiaculatis,  fronte,  pleuris,  scutello, 
seirmentorunifjue  abdominalium  singulorum  margine  postico  pallide  sul- 
pluueis,  facie  cum  antennis,  ijedibus  et  torebra  obscurius  flavis. 

Whitish,  wings  whitish,  without  spots,  front,  jdeur»,  scutellum  and  the 
posterior  border  of  the  abdominal  segnients  pale  sulphur-yellow ;  face, 
antenna?,  legs  and  borer  of  the  9  darker  yellow.  Long.  corp.  (».13 — 
0.17.     Long.  al.  O-lf)— O.IC. 

Antcnnaj  of  nioclorate  length  ;  tip  of  the  third  joint  round, 
bristles  with  a  very  short  pubeseenec.  Eyes  largo,  «almost  round; 
checks  moderate.  Oral  opening  moderate,  rounded,  proboscis  not 
gcniculated,  palpi  short.  Scutellum  flat,  with  four  bristles.  J5orcr 
of  the  9  flattened,  ferruginous-yellow,  longer  than  the  three  last 
segments  of  the  abdomen  taken  together.  Wings  whitish,  all  the 
veins  very  pale,  and,  except  the  first  longitudinal  cue,  bare;  pos- 
terior angle  of  the  anal  cell  acute. 

Hub.  Pennsylvania.  (Osten-Sacken;  taken  on  Vcrnonia  novce- 
boraccnsis,  iron  weed,  together  with  the  two  following  species, 
and  with  T.  obliqita  Say;  in  .Vugust.) 

19.  T.  al1»i(1il»eiiliiH  LoEW.  %  and  9.  (Loew,  Berl.  Entom.  Zeit- 
schr. 18U1,  p.  34."i.) — Nigro-cinerea,  thoracis  dorso  albicante,  capite,  tho- 
racis vittii  laterali  scutcllo4ue  sulphureis,  alarum  albidarum  stigmate 
fusoo,  terebnl  fcomina^  atra. 

Blackish  cinereous,  thorax  more  whitish  above,  head,  a  lateral  strijie  on 
the  thorax,  and  the  scutellum  su'.iihur-yi'llow,  wings  whitish,  stigma 
fuscous,  borer  of  J  black.  Long.  corp.  0.17 — 0.20.  Long.  al.  0.18 — 
0.10. 

Antennae  moderate,  ferruginous-yellow,  tip  of  the  third  joint 
rounded,  bristle  almost  bare.  Eyes  large,  almost  round  ;  checks 
moderate;  proboscis  not  geniculatcd,  palpi  jhort.    Thorax  dusted 


Iff 

1 

TRYPETIDAE. 


101 


with  wliitisli  above,  with  n  short,  whitish  pubescence  and  black 
bristles;  scutellum  with  four  bristles.  Abdomen  with  black  hair. 
]>orer  of  9  (lattcned,  biack,  witli  black  hair;  a  little  lonj^er  than 
the  throe  last  joints  of  the  a'nlomen  taken  together.  Feet  brown- 
ish-black, trochanters,  knees,  tip  of  the  tibia;  and,  the  tarsi  yellowish 
ferrnji'inous.  Wings  whitish,  stigma  brown,  all  the  veins,  except 
the  first  longitudinal  one,  Inire,  pale  yellow  on  the  basal  part  of 
the  wing,  brown  beyond  it. 

Hub.  Pennsylvania.    (Osten-Sacken,  on  Vernonia,  in  August.) 

20.  T.  vcriioiiiac  Loew.  %  and  9.  (Loew,  Berl.  Entom.  Zeitsch. 
18C1,  p.  346.) — Ilelva,  metanoto  iiigro,  capite,  thoracis  vittfl,  lateral!, 
superiore  pleurarum  parte  et  scutello  pallidiu.'*,  antennis,  terobra,  pedi- 
l)U.S(iue  obfcurius  llavis ;  alarum  diniidio  apicali  fas-ciis  tribus  fuscis 
subretieulato,  prima,  iucompletä  et  ob.soletiore,  secuudä  Integra,  tertia 
postice  abbreviate. 

Pale  yellowish,  metanotum  black,  head,  lateral  .stripe  of  the  thorax,  upper 
l)art  of  the  pleurre  and  sciitcllum  pal»;  yellow,  antenna;,  borer  and  leg.s 
darker  yellow ;  apical  half  of  the  wing  subreticuhited  with  three  brown 
bands,  the  first  of  wliich  inconii)lete  and  less  apparent,  the  second  entire, 
the  third  abbreviated  posteriorly.  Long.  corp.  0.18 — 0.22.  Long.  al. 
0.17—0.18. 

Head  yellow,  orbit  of  the  eyes  narrow,  with  a  silvery  reflection. 
Antenna;  ochrcous,  third  joint  oblong,  bristle  almost  bare.  Oral 
opening  rather  large,  rounded,  proboscis  not  geniculated,  palpi 
moderate.  Eyes  large,  oblong.  Thorax  above  clothed  with  a 
short,  whitLsh  pubescence,  and  with  faintly  brownish  bristles. 
Scutellum  flat,  with  four  bristles.  ^Metanotum  black,  dusted  with 
whitish.  Abdomen  yellowi.sh  luteous  {ex  helvo  luteum),  with  black 
hairs  on  the  lateral  margin  and  on  the  last  segments;  remaining 
portion  with  yellow  hairs.  Borer  of  9  ochraceous,  shining,  some- 
what flattened,  equal  to  the  three  last  abdominal  segments  taken 
together,  clothed  with  soft,  blackish  hair.  Legs  fulvescent. 
Wings  subhyaline,  subreticulated  with  fuscous  by  means  of  three 
irregular  transverse  bands  and  some  small  apical  spots;  the  first 
band,  which  is  much  al)breviated  posteriorly,  starts  from  the  infus- 
cated  base  of  the  stigma  and  runs  obliquely  towards  the  central 
transverse  vein  and  frequently  becomes  obsolete,  leaving,  however, 
a  brown  cloud  on  the  transverse  vein  ;  the  second  band  is  narrow 
and  straight,  extending  from  the  costa  to  the  posterior  margin  ; 
the  third  band  is  unequal,  abbreviated  posteriorly,  and  coalescent 


'•M 


t:«!*^ 


^m 


la 


-\ 


w 


■'H 


\m 


102 


DII'TEUA  OF  NOKTII  AMERICA. 


\}M 


with  tlie  spots  on  the  costa.     First  longitudinal  vein  beset  with 
bristles,  tlie  others  naked. 

JIab.  Pennsylvania.     (Osten-Sacken,  on  J'eriionia,  in  August.) 


'■t' 


Ndfr. — The  iirst  of  the  hands  on  the  wings  terminates  posteriorly  in  a 
faint  hrown  lino,  running  along  the  discal  cell  and  parallel  to  the  longi- 
tudinal veins  ;  the  second  and  third  hands  heing  more  or  less  coalescent, 
the  space  hetween  tlie  second  and  the  tip  of  the  wing  may  be  described  as 
brown,  with  five  round,  hyaline  spots  (one  between  the  costa  and  the 
second  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  second,  just  below  the  first,  between  the 
latter  and  the  next  vein  ;  the  third  between  the  same  veins,  but  nearer  to 
the  tip  of  the  wing ;  the  fourth  on  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  just  behind 
the  posterior  transverst»  vein  ;  the  fifth  and  largest  at  tlie  tip  of  the  wing, 
between  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins) ;  second  posterior  cell 
hyaline,  except  a  matgin  along  the  veins,  which  is  clouded.  The  brown  is 
more  or  less  intense  in  dilferent  specimens,  and  hence  the  hyaline  spots, 
especially  the  posterior  ones,  are  sometimes  less  apparent. — 0.  S. 


liijlf'^! 


III. 


ON  THE  yORTII  AMERICAN  SCIOMYZIDI. 

The  family  Hciomijzidte  is  principally  based  on  the  three  genera: 
Sciomyza  Fall.,  Telanocera  Dum.  and  Sepedun  Latr.,  all  occurring 
in  Xorth  America,  and  on  the  genus  Thecomyia  Terty. 

The  attempt  to  subdivide  the  second  of  these  genera  has  been 
made  in  various  ways,  but  without  success.  I  omit,  therefore,  to 
mention  the  genera  thus  formed,  especially  on  account  of  the 
scantiness  of  mv  materials. 

Sciovujza  has  been  also  subdivided  into  smaller  genera,  namely: 
Graphomyza  Macq.,  Pelidnoptera  Rond.,  Ctcnulus  Rond.  and 
Cahbaea  Zett.,  the  last  of  which,  differing  from  all  the  other  Scio- 
myzUUc  by  its  much  smaller  basal  cells,  may  be  considered  as  an 
osculant  genus.  Some  of  the  species  placed  by  Meigen  in  Scio- 
myza  belong  neither  to  that  genus  nor  to  the  Sciomyzidfe  at  all. 

The  characters  distinguishing  the  Sciomyzida'  from  all  the  other 
Acalyptera  are  as  follows.  The  anterior  frontal  border  more  or 
loss  prominent ;  face  receding,  proportionately  long,  with  the  oral 
border  sharp ;  no  distinct  furrows  for  the  reception  of  the  anten- 
niü ;  no  vibrissa?  on  the  oral  border ;  the  front  with  two  bristles, 
one  behind  the  other  on  each  side  before  the  lateral  bristles  of  the 
vertex;  the  costal  vein  of  the  wings  uninterrupted,  without  spine, 
reaching  to  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein ;  the  auxiliary  vein  dis- 
tinctly separated  from  the  first  longitudinal  vein  on  its  whole 
length  ;  the  two  basal  cells  much  developed,  rather  large,  smaller 
only  in  the  osculant  genus  Calohnea  Zett.  The  legs  have  short 
hairs  and  very  few  bristles,  and  are  of  moderate  length  and  rather 
stout,  but  not  clumsy  ;  all  the  anterior  legs,  especially  their  tibiae 
and  tarsi,  arc  more  developed  than  in  the  allied  families;  all  the 
til)ia3  on  their  outside  before  the  tips  have  a  small,  erect,  more  or 
less  distinct  bristle  ;  the  intermediate  tibiic  have  a  certain  number 
of  stout  bristles  at  the  tip ;  the  fore  and  hind  tibias  have  a  single 
weak  bristle. 


'■'«I^'^'iv' 


■  '  ,•  V 


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WTm 


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;.  v,.^v.- 


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104 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


■f. 


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Si/iiopsis  of  the  Xorth  American  genera, 

,  f  Tho  third  joint  of  the  anteniiro  uot  circular.  2 

I.  Tho  third  joint  of  the  antenniu  circular.  Sciomyza  Fall. 

'  Antennre  only  a  little  prolonged  ;  front  not  excavated ;  eyes  not  pro- 
tuberant. Tetanocera  Dum. 
Antonn;e  much  prolonged  ;  front  excavated  ;  eyes  protuberant. 

Sei'edon  Lair. 


Gen.  I.     SCIOMYZA  Fall. 

Only  three  X.  A.  species  of  this  j^fcnus  have  been  descri'.  3cl,  all 
by  ^Ir.  Walker.  His  description  of  Sciom.  mitica  is  niailc  in  so 
careless  a  manner  that  it  is  quite  imposKil)le  to  recogni/e  it,  and 
Sci'om.  pardUela  ^Valk.  seems  to  be  no  Sciomyza  at  all.  Hciomyza 
nifjripnlpa  Walk,  is  certainly  not  among  the  three  species  known 
to  me.  The  scantiness  of  my  present  material  scarcely  warrants 
my  nnJertaking  to  describe  the  N.  A.  species  of  Sciomyza,  but  I 
will  present  what  I  have  to  say  about  them,  in  connection  with  the 
Sciom yzidce  generally. 

There  is  no  reason  for  discussing  here  the  smaller  genera  sepa- 
rated from  the  old  genus  Sciomyza,  or  to  point  out  the  subdivi- 
sions to  be  made,  since  the  three  species  known  to  me  belong  all 
to  the  group  of  the  typical  species  of  Sciomyza. 

Synopsis  of  the  Species,* 

J  f  Wings  spotted.  1  nana  Fall. 

\  Wings  not  spotted,  the  transverse  veins  only  clouded  with  brown.     2 
(,  f  The  two  bristles  on  each  side  of  the  front  extant.  2  obtusa  Fall, 

I  The  foremost  of  the  lateral  frontal  bristles  wanting.      3  pubera,  u.  sp. 

1.  S.  nana  Fall.    %  and  9- — Cinerea,  thorace  vittato,  alis  nigro-macu- 
latis. 

Gray,  with  the  thorax  striped,  and  the  wings  spotted  with  blackish.    Long. 
Corp.  0.1—0.13.     Long.  al.  0.11—0.14. 

Syn.  Sciomyza  nana  Fallen,  Sciom.  15, 12. — Meigen,  Syst.  Beschr.  VI,  18, 
19.— Zetoekstedt,  Dipt.  Scand.  V,  2109, 18. 

Quite  agreeing  with  the  European  specimens.  Ashy  gray. 
Front  opaque  yellow,  with  the  ocellar  triangle  and  the  lateral 

*  The  fourth  species,  added  when  the  manuscript  was  already  iu  press, 
is  not  included  iu  this  synopsis. — 0.  S. 


m-"''r'^ 


SCIOMYZA. 


105 


stripes  rencliiiif?  ns  fur  as  the  middle  of  the  front,  yellowish-'^rray. 
Antenna)  ycllowisli-forrufvinous,  nsiially  paler  at  the  base,  with  the 
blackish-brown  bristle  beset  with  a  short  pubescence.  Face 
whitish.  Uitpcr  side  of  the  thorax  with  four  brown  loiifritudinal 
linos,  the  two  intermediate  ones  approximated  and  confluent  with 
their  hind  ends,  the  two  lateral  ones  narrower  and  less  complete. 
Seutellnm  with  a  broad  brown  middle  stripe.  Pleurtc  brown,  in 
the  middle  with  a  broad  longitudinal  stripe  pollinusc  with  yellow- 
ish, and  a  similar,  but  more  indistinct  longitudinal  stripe  more 
underneath.  Abdomen  brownish-gray,  pollinoso  with  paler  on  the 
lateral  border,  the  posterior  corners  of  the  segments  being  whitish. 
Forelegs  black,  with  the  coxic  and  the  last  joint  of  the  tarsi  whitish, 
and  the  extremity  of  the  knees  brownish-yellow.  ^Middle  and  hind 
legs  browni.sh-yellow,  with  the  tips  and  upper  side  of  the  hind 
femora  brownish  black ;  tips  of  the  middle  and  hind  tibinc  black, 
the  last  joints  of  the  middle  and  hind  tarsi  brownisli.  The  dark 
color  is  sometimes  more,  sometimes  less  extended  on  the  posterior 
legs  than  is  descrii)ed  here.  Wings  hyaline,  slightly  grayish  ;  the 
co.stal  border  is  nmrgineil  with  blackish,  from  the  fip  of  the  first 
as  far  as  the  tip  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  ;  from  the  end  of 
this  nmrgin  a  blacki;;h  transverse  band  runs  as  far  as  the  fourth 
longitudinal  vein  ;  between  it  and  the  small  transverse  vein  there 
are  two  small  blackish  s})Ots ;  the  small  transverse  vein  is  clouded 
with  blackish  ;  the  posterior  transverse  vein  is  a  little  curved  and 
marked  with  a  larger  blackish  spot  at  its  anterior  end,  and  a  smaller 
at  its  posterior  end,  both  of  which  but  rarely  coalesce  so  as  to  form 
a  complete  margin. 

Hub.  Middle  States.     (Osten-Sacken.) 

2.  S.  obtusa    Fall.     % . — Fusco-cinerea,  antenuarum  seta  plumatä, 
venis  alarum  transversis  fusco-liinbatis. 

Grayish-l)rown,  the  anteiinal  bristle  plumose,  the  transverse  veins  clouded 
with  blackish-brown.     Long.  corp.  0.22.     Long.  al.  (.•.22. 

Sy\.   Scioiiii/za  ohtusa  Fallen,  Sciom.  ]  3,  4,  var.  a. — Meigex,  Syst.  Beschr. 
VI,  12,  6.— Zetteestedt,  Dipt.  Scand.  V,  2099,  10. 

I  see  no  difference  between  the  single  N.  A.  individual  I  possess 
and  that  European  species  which  is  generally  considered  as  the 
true  Sciomyza  ohtusa  Fall.  But  to  prevent  misunderstandings  I 
must  observe  that  there  exists  another  species  hitherto  undescribed, 
diflering  from  Sciom.  ohtusa  Fall,  by  its  autennaj  having  a  shorter 


^ 

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106 


PII'TERA  OF  NORTH  AMEIUCA. 


pcctimitcd  l)ristlL',  but  otlicrwisc  resonibliiifr  tliiit  species  so  iiiiicli 
tliiit  it  is  eomiiumly  conCoinided  with  it.  (Jriiyisli-lirown.  I'ront 
üpiuiiio  yellow  near  its  anterior  borcler,  reiiiaiiider  yello\vi>li-rerni- 
t^iiioiis ;  llio  oc'ollar  triaiii?lü  niul  the  lateral  stripes  ri'aeliing 
beyond  tlic  middle  of  the  front  are  yello\vi.>li-j;ray.  Anteniuo 
yeilowlsli-ferrnginous,  with  the  bristle  dark  brown,  yellowish- 
brown  at  the  ))asc,  and  luivinj;  black  hairs  of  moderate  length. 
Face  yellow.  Upper  side  of  the  thorax,  with  the  e.xeeption  of 
the  lateral  borders,  more  brownish  than  gray,  with  darker  brown 
lonjritudinal  lines,  the  two  intermediate  ones  beinj;-  darker  and  more 
distinct,  the  lateral  ones  doidiled  behind  the  sntnre.  Scntellnm 
flat,  yellowish-brown,  pollinose  with  grayish-yellow.  I'leiir;e  ilark 
brown,  with  a  broad,  more  chestiuit  brown  l(Jii<?itndinal  stripe 
running  from  the  shoulder  to  the  base  of  the  wing,  and  having 
underneath  a  hardly  distinct  longitudinal  stripe  formed  by  paler 
pollen.  TiCgs  rather  dark  brown,  csi)ecitilly  the  anterior  ones. 
Tips  of  the  fore  nnd  hind  til)iie  black  ;  tarsi  blackish  towards  the 
end.  Wings  grayish-brown,  clouded  with  rather  smoky  brown 
near  the  costal  border ;  transverse  veins  clouded  with  blackish- 
brown  ;  the  posterior  transverse  vein  is  slightly  oblique  and 
straight. 

J/ab.  Illinois.     (Kennicott.) 

3.  S.  pillicra,  Lorw.  %  — Fuspo-cinoren,  setH  antennarum  brovittT 
plumatil,  nietatarso  autioo  albo,  vcnis  alaruni  trausversis  fusco-limbatis. 

Grajish-browK,  tho  antennal  brisstlo  brovi-iiluniose,  the  first  joint  of  the 
antüi'ior  tarsi  whitisli,  ami  the  traiisveiso  veins  cloiulod  witli  blackish- 
brown.     Long.  Corp.  0.21.     Long.  al.  0.21. 

Front  opaque,  sordid  yellow  near  the  anterior  border,  remainder 
more  yellowish-ferruginous,  with  the  occUar  triangle  and  the  late- 
ral stripes  brownish-gray,  the  latter  reaching  to  the  middle  of  the 
front,  the  foremost  bristle  wanting.  Anteiimu  ferruginous,  bristle 
brown,  with  a  shcfrt  pubescence.  Face  pollinose  with  white. 
Upper  side  of  the  thorax  grayish-brown,  with  but  little  distinct 
darker  brown  longitudinal  lines.  iScutellum  flat,  a  little  paler 
than  the  upper  side  of  the  thorax.  Pleurie  rather  dark  brown, 
pollinose  with  whitish,  without  distinct  longitudinal  stripes. 
Ground  color  of  the  abdomen  almost  brownish-black  ;  on  each 
segment  there  is  a  large  triangular,  not  pollinose,  spot,  its  tip 
reaching  as  far  as  the  hind  border  of  the  segment,  the  remainder 


«  ,' 


TETANOCEUA. 


lOT 


■■i'v^ 


of  tlic  sopniont  is  covered  with  wliitisli  pollen,  whii-li  is  niiuli  iiioro 
dense  on  tlio  hind  border,  nnd  makes  it  iippeiir  quite  pale,  wlierciis 
on  eaeh  side,  nenr  the  liileral  border,  ihere  is  a  vestij^e  of  a  less 
l)()I!ltiose,(lark  spot.  The  exterior  jjenitals  of  the  male  are  yellow- 
ish-hrdwn.  I.vj^a  almost  lilaekisli-brown,  the  intermediate  ones, 
as  well  as  all  knees,  part  of  the  hind  femora,  and  ii  great  part  of 
the  hind  tibiie,  more  yellow;  anterior  coxie  yellowish,  with  a 
whitish  relleetion  ;  first  joint  of  the  fore  tarsi  whitish  ;  the  follow- 
in}?  four  blaek  ;  the  intermediate  tarsi  have  a  rather  pale  brownish- 
yellow  ground  eolor,  rendered  much  darker  by  their  short  blaek 
liuirs,  their  two  last  joints  appearing  brownish  t)n  the  upjier  side; 
the  hind  tarsi  are  like  the  intermediate  ones,  but  have  the  three 
last  joints  blaekish.  Wings  grayish-hyaline,  with  the  transverse 
veins  margined  with  blaekish,  the  posterior  transverse  vein  straight 
nnd  (piite  perpendieular.  IJesides  the  want  of  the  foremost  lateral 
bristle  on  the  front,  this  speeies  is  distinguished  from  the  other 
Bpceies  of  Sclomyzti  by  its  abdomen  having  the  blaek  hairs  denser, 
longer,  and  finer  than  those. 

Hub.  Middle  States.     (Ostcn-Saeken.) 


I?> 


4.  S.  luctifcra  Loew.  %  .  (Translated  from  Boil.  Kiitoni.  Zeitschr. 
18G1,  p.  345,  by  I?ar.  0.  Sacken.) — Nigra,  tliorace  cincreo,  fauiu  albü, 
antennis  ot  fronto  fulvia,  coxis  anticis  albis,  pedibus  nigris,  tarsis  poste- 
rioribus  sordid«  albis,  alis  nigricantibus,  marginc  costali  nigro-liinbato. 

Black,  thorax  cinereous,  faco  white,  antonnto  and  front  fulvons,  fore  coxa3 
white,  feet  black,  posterior  tarsi  of  a  dirty  whitish,  wings  tinged  with 
blackish,  costal  border  margined  with  black.  Long.  corp.  0.13.  Long, 
al.  0.1. 

Small,  black.  Face,  cheeks,  and  the  inferior  part  of  the  occi- 
put, white.  Antcnnaj  and  front  fulvous,  lateral-  stripes  of  the 
latter  abbreviated  anteriorly  ;  ocellar  triangle  and  the  ujiper  part 
of  the  occiput  cinereous.  Thorax  dark  cinereous,  with  black 
hair.  Fore  legs  black,  their  coxte  white,  with  a  silvery  reflection; 
posterior  feet  black,  trochanters  and  tarsi  dirty  whitish,  their  apex 
black.  Wings  of  moderate  size,  tinged  with  blackish,  with  a 
rather  broad  black  margin  near  the  costa. 

Hub.  Pennsylvania.    (Osten- Sacken.) 

Note. — In  younger  specimens,  the  black  color  of  the  intermediate  pair 
of  feet  is  more  or  less  brownish. 


'•?»;'^' 


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IS 

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li.      'i: 


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108 


DIPTEUA  OP  NOIITII  AMKUICA. 


aen.  II.     TI:TA.\0C'I:IIA  Dum. 


Aniontf  tiic  rcconUnl  N.  A.  spct-ips  of  Tvlannrem,  Tcf.  hnsrll 
has  Ix't'H  chnrat'torizetl  so  iiisiillicicüitly  hy  ildl).  Dcsvoidy,  tliat 
there  is  no  possil)ility  of  iiloiitilyinj^  it.  Tii.  cfiiKidensis,  (l('scril)t'il 
by  .Miicqinirt,  is  also  iiii!\iio\vii  to  nic.  7'«7.  f/iiffn/<tn's  Wit-d.  is 
mentioned  hy  ]Nr(i('((imrt  as  a  native  of  Norili  America;  l»ut  I  must 
consider  tins  statement  as  a  mislalxe,  sinee  tlie  eliuraeters  lie  gives 
do  not  a}?reo  witli  tlic  deseription  of  '/'el.  giitti(f<iris  W'm\.',  Ijut 
wliat  species  lie  has  talien  for  7'i'/.  f/iittnfitris  has  not  as  yet  been 
niaile  out.  As  to  tlio  otiier  described  species,  tlie  following  paper 
will  give  all  the  necessary  information: — 


3 


Si/ii(ij)sls  of  the  Sjifciis.* 

f  Wings  reticulate«!, 
t  Wings  not  rutitnilatod. 

(  JJristlo  of  thu  luitunnie  iihunoso  witli  black, 
t  IJristlt'  of  tlio  antiMiu.'u  iilunioso  with  white. 
(  Front  with  thrcü  shining  stripos. 
(  Front  without  shining  stripes. 
Posterior  transversts  vein  ohli(iuo  and  curved. 


2 
11 

3 
Ö 
4 

ß 
1  Clara,  n.  sp. 


M 


Tosturior  transvorsu  vein  almost  perpendicular  and  straight. 

2  valida,  n.  sp. 

Femora  spotted.  3  pictipes  /^"ew. 

Femora  quite  unspotted.  4  pallida  Luciv, 

Thorax  without  stripes.  7 

Thorax  with  stripes.  8 

Femora  entirely  yellow.  5  Qavescens  Locw. 

Femora  very  brownish  at  the  base.  6  arcuata  Lorw. 

The  brown  margin  of  tlie  costal  border  of  the  wings  interrujited  by  clear 
s]>ots.  9 

Cost.'il  border  of  the  wings  with  an  uninterrupted  brown  margin.     10 

The  reticulation  of  the  wings  shows  double  bands  consisting  of  spots 
arranged  by  pairs.  7  combinata  Locw. 

The  reticulation  forms  no  double  bands  at  all.  8  sparsa,  n.  sp. 

Posterior  transverse  vein  straight.  0  costalis,  n.  sp. 

Posterior  transverse  vein  much  curved.  10  saratogensis  Filch. 

Posterior  transverse  vein  curved  and  rather  steep.  11  plebeja,  n.  sp. 

Posterior  transverse  vein  curved  in  the  shape  of  an  S,  and  very  ob- 
lique. 1-  plumoaa  Locw. 

*  Tlie  two  species  (Nos.  13  and  14),  added  when  the  mmiuscript  was 
already  in  press,  are  not  included  in  this  synopsis. — 0.  S. 


10 1 


w 


*:' 


TKTANOCERA. 


100 


1»  T.  Clara  Lokw.  9'~^<'t'''  itUfinifinnn  nlgro-pUinii'M  i ;  vittjp  in 
fiontd  l.'i'vi^'nt.'u  tres  ;  nliu  pnrco  ot  gnwse  rotlüiiliitro,  vonil  trnnsvi'isu  pos- 
toriorü  obliijuii. 

Brirttlo  of  tlio  autciiiiM!  phiinoHo  with  lilnck,  front  with  tlirco  HhiniiiL;  sti  ipcM, 
reticulation  of  the  wings  simrsu  and  conrso,  poatorlor  trnnsvoiuH  vein 
obliiiuu.     Long.  cor]).  U.3'2.     Long.  nl.  ().Ü2. 

A  bcnulifiil  lurfre  species.    Pale  yellow.    Face  white,  not  much 
rceedinf?.    rulpl  and  jjrohoscis  wliitish-yellow.    Front  rather  (hirk 
oclireous,  with  tliret  very  sliinin«;  lonjjitndinal  stripes;  the  iiiiihllo 
one  distinctly  widened  towards  its  anterior  end,  tlie  lateral  ones 
near  the  l)orders  of  the  eyes  and  reaching  oidy  very  little  lieyon«! 
tho  foremost  frontal  bristle,  heiice  not  much  transgressinic  the 
ndddic  of  the  front.    Anteniuo  oelireous,  the  two  first  joints  short, 
heset  with  l)lack  hair,  the  third  a  little  lunge"  than  the  two  first 
taken  together,  moderately  l)road  and  only  m  )derately  pointed; 
the  hhiek  bristle  with  dense,  very  long,  black  lit irs.     Neitlier  tho 
lateral  Itorders  of  the  front,  nor  the  yellow  occiput  have  black 
spots.     Thorax  yellowish,  with  two  brownish  middle  stripes  sepa- 
rated by  a  broad  line,  and  on  each  side  with  a  more  indistinct  and 
less  complete  lateral  stripe.     Seutellum  with  brownish  midille  and 
yellowish  borders.     J'leuriu  whitish-yellow,  with  a  narrow  lirown 
longitudinal  stripe  on  their  superior  Ijorder.     Alxlonien  without 
distinct  markings.     Legs  whitish-yellow,  the  end  of  the  tarsi  only 
a  little  blackish  ;   posterior  femora  with  a  short,  not  very  close 
pubescence  on  their  under  side,  and  only  one  or  two  longer  black 
bristles  on  the  second  third.     "Wings  large  and  rather  broad,  some- 
what tinged  ^ilh  tawny;  the  whole  stigma  and  the  broad  clouds 
of  the  suiall  and  of  the  posterior  transverse  veins  brownish-black; 
also  the  tip  of  the  wing  margined  with  brownish-black  ;  before  the 
second  longitudinal  vein  there  are  some  small,  rather  indistinct, 
brownish-black  spots,  and   about  four  or  six  larger  and   darker 
transverse  spots  between  the  second  and  third  longitudinal  veins, 
running  from  vein  to  vein,  tlu;  last  of  which  are  most  distinct,  and 
include  small  rudiments  of  veins  rising  from  the  sicond  longitudiiud 
vein  ;  l)etween  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  tliero  arc, 
beyond  the   small  transverse  vein,  two  or  three   brownish-black 
transverse  streaks  running  from  vein  to  vein;   on  the  posterior 
side  of  the  fourth  longituiiinal  vein  there  are  only  two  very  small 
brownish-black    spots,  one    before,  the   other   behind   the   small 
transverse  vein,  which,  I  sui»i)ose,  are  not  always  present.      The 


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DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


rfniaiiidor  of  tlie  wings  is  unspotted.     The  posterior  transverse 
vein  is  üljUrpie  and  moderately  curved. 

Hub.  Trenton  Falls,  X.  Y.     (Osten-Sacken.) 

2.  T.  valida  Loew.  9- — ^'^^^  antennannn  nigro-plumosa  ;  vittre  fron- 
tales ties  l.-pvigatrc ;  al;c  parce  et  grosse  reticulata;,  veiiil  transversa,  poste- 
riore perpendienlari. 

Bristle  of  the  antennre  plumose  with  Mack,  front  with  three  shining  stripes, 
reticulation  of  the  wings  sparse  and  coarse ;  posterior  transverse  vein 
almost  i)erpeniticular.     Long.  corp.  0.29.     Long.  al.  0.2i). 

Pale  yellow.  Face  ycllowisli-white,  only  moderately  receding; 
])al|>i  and  proboscis  whitish-yellow.  Front  orange-yellow,  with 
three  very  bright  longitudinal  stripes;  the  middle  stripe  not  dis- 
tinctly widened  towards  its  anterior  end,  the  lateral  ones  reaching 
a  little  beyond  the  foremost  frontal  bristle,  which  is  inserted  rather 
lower  than  in  the  preceding  species,  so  that  the  lateral  strii)es 
reach  a  little  nearer  to  the  anterior  border  of  the  front.  Antenna) 
ochreous,  having  the  two  (irst  joints  short,  with  black  hairs;  the 
third  a  little  longer  than  the  two  first  taken  together,  moderately 
broad  and  only  a  little  i)ointed  ;  ihe  bristle  of  the  antenna)  with 
dense,  very  long,  black  hairs.  There  are  no  black  spots  on  the 
lateral  border  of  the  front,  nor  on  the  yellow  occiput.  Thorax 
yellowish,  with  indistinct  brownish  longitudinal  stripes.  Pleura; 
whilisli-yeliow,  with  a  narrow  brown  longitudinal  stripe  on  their 
supeiior  border.  Alidomen  without  distinct  markings.  Legs 
whitish-yellow,  with  the  tii)s  of  the  tarsi  a  little  blackish  ;  poste- 
rior femora  with  short,  not  very  dense  hairs  on  the  under  side  and 
only  two  longer  l)rislles  on  the  second  third.  Wings  proportion- 
ately a  little  smaller  than  in  the  foregoing  species,  somewhat  tinged 
with  tawny.  The  stigma,  smaller  than  in  the  foregoing  species,  is 
brownish-black ;  the  transverse  veins  and  the  tip  of  the  wings  are 
clouded  with  brownish-black  ;  before  the  second  longitudinal  vein 
there  are  six  or  eight  small  but  distinct  brownish-black  spots;  be- 
tween the  second  and  third  longitudinal  veins  there  are  four  or  five 
darker  ones  running  from  vein  to  vein,  the  last  of  which  are  more  dis- 
tinct; between  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  there  are,  be- 
liind  the  sn)all  transverse  vein,  four  or  five  brownish-black  transverse 
ütreaks;  at  the  posterior  side  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  there 
are  two  rather  large  brownish-black  spots,  one  before,  the  other, 
larsrer  one  behind  the  posterior  transverse  vein  ;  on  the  anterior 


TETANOCERA. 


Ill 


nnd  iioptcrior  sidi's  of  the  fiftli  ]onn;ittulinal  vein  there  ce  some 
small  hrownisli-bliiek  altoniatinp^  spots  ;  the  rcnuiiiicler  of  the  wing 
is  iinspotled  ;  the  posterior  transverse  vein  straight  and  rather 
perpendicular. 

Observation. — Although  this  species  is  very  similar  to  the  fore- 
going, and  I  have  onl}'  a  ;jingle  individual  before  me,  its  specific 
distinctness  seems  to  be  beyond  doulit.  The  straight  and  rather 
steep  posterior  transverse  vein,  the  lateral  frontal  stripes  reaching 
farther  forwards  and  the  middle  frontal  strijie  not  being  dilated 
anteriorly  afford  the  best  characters  for  distinguishing  Jet,  vulida 
from  Tet.  dura. 

3.  T.  l»it'til»OS  LoKW.  ^  «and  J.— Seta  cintonnarum  nigro-plumosa; 
vitta*  frontales  hevigataj  nullte  ;  alaj  cont'ortini  guttato-retioulatte  ;  femora 
maculata. 

Bristle  of  the  antenna;  plumose  with  black,  front  without  shining  stripes  ; 
wings  densely  retiuulated  with  conlluent  fuscous  spots  and  limjiid  drops, 
femora  spotted.     Long.  corp.  0.24— (>.2(J.     Long.  al.  Ü.2;]— Ü.2Ü. 

Syn.    Tdanoctra  pict'uxs  Loew,  Wien.  Eut.  Monatsch.  Ill,  2!)2. 

Front  almost  more  pale  brownish  than  yellow,  opaque,  l)esct,  on 
its  anterior  part,  with  s])arse  short  black  hair,  rising  from  hardly 
visible  dark  dots;  hardly  a  trace  of  an  excavated  middle  stripe; 
all  that  gloss  whic!;  other  species  possess  is  totally  wanting,  nnd 
only  a  fine  whitish  dusted  longitudinal  line  is  visil>le.     Each  side 
of  the  front  near  the  border  of  the  eye  a  brownish-black  dot,  and 
more  forwards  between  tlie  anteniue  and  the  anterior  corner  of  the 
eye  another  small    brown  or  blackish-brown   sjtot.      The  face  is 
silvery  white,  and  recedes  only  moderately;  its  middle  is  marked 
with  a  very  small  black  spot ;  on  the  cheeks  tliere  is  a  brown  or 
blackish-l)rown  longitudinal  streak.     The  first  and  second  joints  of 
the  antenuK  are  yellowish-brown  ;  the  third  is  more  yellowish-fer- 
ruginous, scarcely  longer  than  tlie  second,  not  much  pointed,  its 
upper  side  being  distinctly  excised;  the  black  bristle  has  a  brown- 
ish-yellow base,  and  a  scanty,  rather  long  black  pubescence  ;  some 
individuals  differ  by  tiie  color  of  the  antennio  l)eiiig  (piite  ferrugi- 
nous bi'own.    The  npperside  of  the  thorax  is  quite  opacpie,  brown- 
ish cinereous,  closely  covered  with  small  dark  Inown  dots,  whicli 
coalesce  to  larger  s[)0ts,  forming  four  rows,  and  having  a  rather 
variable  size.     Scutellum  gray,  in  the  middle  brown,  with  small 
dark   brown   dots,  on   the  borders  with  four  black  dots  bearing 
the  ordinary  bristles,  the  hindmost  of  which  are  far  longer  than 


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DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


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the  others.  Tlie  grouiKl  color  of  the  abdomen  is  more  blackish 
than  that  of  the  thorax,  the  posterior  and  the  lateral  borders  of 
the  sejrments  being  usually  more  brown  ;  besides,  the  abdomen 
is  covered  with  a  rather  light  dust  and  beset  with  small  brown  dots 
coalescing  near  the  lateral  border  into  a  row  of  obsolete  spots, 
and  in  the  middle  of  each  segment  into  a  longitudinal  spot,  so  that 
a  dark  middle  stripe,  interrupted  by  the  incisions,  is  formed.  The 
sixth  segment,  being  clavate  in  the  male,  has  a  large  blackish- 
brown  si)Ot  on  each  side,  leaving  in  the  middle  a  grayish  or  whitish 
mark,  resembling,  as  it  were,  a  cup.  The  ground  color  of  the 
femora  is  little  visible,  being  covered  with  light  dust  and  speckled 
with  black  dots ;  immediately  before  the  tip  they  are  surrounded 
with  an  almost  black  more  or  less  visible  rina-,  and  an  almost  con- 
colorons  spot  before  this  ring  on  the  under  side.  The  tibiiu  are 
yellowish-brown,  wiih  the  tips  blackish;  the  tur>'i  I'ave  the  same 
color  as  the  tibin-,  but  are  generally  a  little  paler;  usually  the  ante- 
rior ones  have  the  three  last  joints,  and  sometimes  a  great  luirt  of 
the  6rst,  lilackeued,  whereas  in  the  remaining  tarsi  oidy  the  two 
last  joints,  or  even  the  last  alone,  h  blackish.  The  wings  are  more 
gnttated  than  reticulated  ;  the  color  of  the  posterior  part  is  more 
gray;  immediately  along  the  longitudinal  veins,  and  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  the  costa,  it  is  much  darker  and  almost  brown.  The 
largest  drops,  the  color  of  which  is  almost  white,  are  scattered 
over  the  posterior  part  of  the  wing;  on  the  anterior  part  they  are 
placed  near  the  longitudinal  veins ;  on  the  costa,  between  the  tips 
of  the  first  and  second  longitudinal  veins,  there  are  only  three 
small  clear  quadrangular  spots. 

Jl'ib.  "Washington.     (Osten-Sacken.) 

Uhscrrati'in. — A  series  of  specimens  enables  me  to  con.j  :■  r  ih's 
species  with  the  closely  allied  European  7V^  umhrarvm  lAwn.  7  le 
resemblance  of  both  is  so  great  that  I  cannot  but  suspect  that  they 
are  identical.  Xo  diflerencc  of  structure  existing  between  them, 
the  larger  size  and  browner  color  of  Tct.  ])iciij)es  alone  ad'ord  a 
constant  distinguishing  character.  Future  observations  will  per- 
haps enable  us  to  decide  whether  Tct.  pictipes  is  Merely  a  climatic 
variety  of  Tct.  iiiubrantiii  or  a  dill'erent  species. 

.V"/'. — I  posr-t'ss  a  .specimen  from  Great  Slave  Lake,  II.  B.  T.,  and 
have  seen  anotlier  from  Maine,  both  perfectly  agreeing  in  size  and  color 
with  the  European  specimens.  Is  this  fact  to  be  considered  as  a  proof  of 
the  identity  or  of  the  diversity  of  T.  picliprs  and  T.  itmhrarum?  The 
answer  to  this  f^uestion  appears  to  me  far  from  certain. — 0.  S. 


TETANOCERA, 


113 


4.  T.  pallida  Loinv.  %  nwA  9. — Seta  aiitonnnnim  nigro-jiliiniat.i; 
vittii'  frontales  la'vigat.r  luiU.T  ;  ii\x  contVitiin  giittato-iftiriilata' ;  ft«- 
iiiora  iuuuaculata. 

Bristle  of  tlio  aiitonihT  plumoso  with  black,  freut  without  shining  stripes, 
wings  rather  densely  retienlated  with  dark  sjiots  and  limpid  drops, 
femora  tjuite  unspotted.     Long.  eorp.  lt.2J).      Long.  al.  t'.-7. 

Syn.    Titiinocira  pallida  Loew,  Wien.  Knt.  Monatseh.  Ill,  'I'.U. 

Yellowish-brown,  opaque.  Front  more  yellow,  opiupie,  without 
black  si)ot  near  the  orbit,  the  excavated  iniildle  stripe  very  narrow, 
not  glos>y;  between  the  antennie  ami  the  anterior  corner  of  the 
eyes  there  is  a  small  brown  spot.  Face  white,  coiisi(U'ral)ly  reed- 
ing;, excavated  in  its  middle  more  than  in  most  other  species.  An- 
tenna» yellow  with  the  third  joint  hardly  ns  loii<jf  a.s  the  second,  its 
superior  edge  not  distinctly  excised,  and  its  end  very  little  pointed; 
the  antennal  bristle  blackish,  with  the  l)ase  only  yellow,  and  the 
blackish  hairs  rather  loiifj,  but  not  very  close.  Upper  side  of  the 
thorax  not  punctured,  with  four  complete  brown  lonfj,itudinal 
stripes,  and  on  its  posterior  half  immediately  beside  the  lateral 
stripe,  a  fine,  less  distinct,  brown,  loiij;itudiual  line.  Scutellutn 
with  a  brown  middle  stripe.  IMeura;  with  a  broad  brown  lonjj;itu- 
diiud  stripe  at  the  superior  border,  the  remainder  I)eiiij^  everywhere 
whitish  hoary.  Abdomen  unicolorous,  with  a  blackish  middle  line, 
and  on  each  side  a  brown  linear  stripe,  all  of  them  interrupted  at 
the  incisions.  Legs  yellowish,  with  the  tips  of  the  tarsi  a  little 
blackish.  Wings  somewhat  yellowish  towards  the  base  with  the 
reticulation  moderately  close  and  rather  guttated,  darker  brownish- 
black  ut  the  costal  and  apical  border;  before  the  second  longitudi- 
nal vein  there  arc  about  six  small  clear  dots,  which  do  not  reach 
the  costal  border  itself;  the  small  transverse  vein  is  some  distance 
before  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell,  and  the  posterior  transverse 
vein  is  very  distinctly  curved. 

Hub.  Middle  States.     (Ostcn-Sacken.) 

5.  T.  flaTesceu!«  Loew.  %  . — Seta  antennarum  alho-plninosa  ;  thorax 
punetii latus ;  alaj  confertira  guttato-retieulata} ;  femora  tota  pallido  lla- 
vescentia. 

Bristle  of  the  auteiina;  plumose  with  white,  thorax  punctured,  wings  densely 
8 


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114 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


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reticulated  with  dark  spots  and  limpid  drops,  fomora  quite  yellowish. 
Long.  Corp.  0.33.     Long.  al.  0.2li. 

Sy.v.    Tetaiioco-a  fl(t>-(sci)is  Loew,  Stott.  Ent.  Zeit.  VIII,  123. — Lokw,  Wien. 
Knt.  Monatsuh.  Ill,  2')1. 

Pale  yellowish-brown,  somewhat  shaded  into  testaceous.  Face 
wiiite,  rather  considerably  receding  beneath.  Antenna)  yellow; 
the  third  joint,  when  viewed  sideways,  nearly  as  long  as  the  broad 
second  joint,  not  distinctly  excised  on  Its  ui)i)er  side,  little  pointed; 
the  antennal  bristle  yellowish  with  close,  white  plumation  of  mode- 
rate length.  Front  yellow,  ojjaque,  with  the  excavated,  polished 
middle  stripe  distinctly  tapering  anteriorly ;  on  each  side  of  the 
orbit  there  is  an  oblong  oval  black  spot  of  rather  considerable  size 
and  another  more  anteriorly,  between  the  antennye  and  the  anterior 
corner  of  the  eyes.  Upper  side  of  the  thorax  marked  with  close 
small  brown  dots  and  besides  with  four  rather  incomplete  rows  of 
small  dark  brown  spots  far  distant  from  each  other.  Scntellum 
rather  convex,  glossy,  almost  blackish-brown,  a  little  dusted  with 
whitish  near  the  base,  and  having  a  terminal  dot  formed  of  whitish 
dust.  Pleura;  with  a  conspicuous,  parallel,  brownish-red  longitu- 
dinal stripe  at  the  superior  border,  below  which  they  appear  paler 
from  their  whitish  dust.  Abdomen  with  a  dark  middle  line  and 
near  each  lateral  border  a  broad,  brown  one,  all  of  them  inter- 
rupted at  the  incisions ;  the  fourth  and  fifth  segments  bear  each  a 
glossy  yellowish-brown  spot  more  distant  from  the  border  than  the 
lateral  lines.  Legs  brownish-yellow  with  the  tips  of  the  tibiae  and 
the  whole  of  the  tarsi  api)earing  darker  in  consequence  of  the 
greater  density  of  the  l)lack  hair,  whereas  in  reality  the  two  last 
joints  only  of  the  anterior  and  posterior  tarsi  are  blackened ;  the 
under  side  of  the  jjosterior  femora  is  beset  with  very  numerous 
short  and  many  longer  black  bristles.  "Wings  rather  broad  and 
obtuse,  with  the  whole  surface  con'-sely  and  rather  uniformly  reti- 
culated, so  that  there  are  no  fasci«;  some  larger  brown  spots  on 
the  costal  border,  but  no  clearer  si)ots  on  the  apical  border ;  the 
siiii'U  transverse  vein  is  very  far  from  the  discal  cell,  and  the  pos- 
terior transverse  vein  is  only  little  curved  and  rather  steep. 

Ildh.   Carolina.     (Zimmerman.) 

Observation. — When  naming  this  species  I  overlooked  the  fact 
that  Kob.  Desvoidy  already  has  n.  Tet.  flavcsccns.  Consequently  I 
should  have  altered  the  name,  had  I  not  before  me  a  larger  number 
of  specimens  of  Tet.  arcuata  proving  that  this  species  is  rather  vari- 


TETANOCERA. 


115 


able,  and  that  therefore  its  distinctness  from  Td.  ßavescens  is  not 
quite  certain.  Should  the  identity  of  both  species  be  proved,  the 
name  of  "ßavcscctis^^  as  being  preoccuj)ied  must  be  dropped,  and 
that  of  Tet.  arciiata  adopted  for  the  species ;  should,  however, 
future  observations  prove  their  distinctness,  it  will  then  be  time 
enough  to  choose  another  name  for  Tet.  ßavescens. 


6.  T.  arciiata  Loew.  %  and  9.— Seta  antennarum  albo-plumosa ; 
thorax  punctiilatus ;  alaj  confertim  guttato-reticulataj ;  femora;  antica 
basim  versus  fusca. 

Bristle  of  the  antenna;  plumose  with  white;  thorax  pnncturerl,  wings 
densely  reticulated  witli  dark  spots  and  limpid  drops  ;  anterior  femora 
brown  towards  the  base.     Long.  corp.  0.18 — 0.3.     Long.  al.  0.2 — 0.23. 

Syn.   Telanoccra  arcuata  Loew,  Wien.  Eni.  Monatsch.  Ill,  29rj. 

So  similar  to  the  foregoing  that  it  is  very  easy  to  confound 
them,  and  after  the  detailed  description  which  I  have  given  of  Tet. 
ßavescens,  it  will  be  quite  suiTicient  to  point  out  the  characters  by 
which  Tet.  arcuata  dilTers  from  it.  It  is  always  a  little  smaller, " 
sometimes  much  smaller  than  Tet.  ßavescens ;  its  second  antcnnal 
joint,  too,  seems  to  be  comparatively  smaller  and  narrower,  and  the 
small  brown  spots  on  the  upper  side  of  the  thorax  beside  the  small 
dots,  arc  distinctly  sraallo?.  The  anterior  femora  are  to  a  consider- 
able extent  brown  at  *ae  base ;  their  tips  as  well  as  the  base  of 
the  posterior  femora  are  not  seldom  very  brownish  ;  the  anterior 
tibia;  arc  blackened  to  a  certain  extent,  and  the  posterior  libite 
have  this  color  at  their  very  tips ;  the  three  last  joints  of  the  anterior 
tarsi  are  blackish. 

Hab.  Middle  States.     (Osten-Sackcn.) 

Observation The  more  specimens  of  Tet.  arctiata  I  was  able 

to  examine,  the  more  it  appeared  doubtful  to  me  whether  let.  ßa- 
vescens ought  not  to  be  taken  merely  for  an  exceedingly  large  and 
})ale  variety  of  Tet.  arcuata.  The  only  difl'erencc  existing  in  the 
structure  is,  as  it  seems,  the  somewhat  smaller  breadth  of  the  second 
joint  of  the  antenna;  in  Tet.  arcuata;  this  is  a  very  trifling  one, 
and  perhaps  only  a  character  belonging  to  smaller  specimens. 
The  narrow  arcuated  band  running  over  the  posterior  transverse 
vein  of  the  wings,  by  which  the  first  specimen  which  I  received 
was  distinguished,  was  either  more  indistinct  or  quite  wanting  in 
the  specimens  sent  to  me  afterwards. 


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116 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


7.  T.  cuilllliiiata  Loew.  9. — Seta  antomiarum  albo-plumosa ;  thorax 
vittatus  ;  aire  niaculato-reticulata>,  maculis  fasciaa  duplicatas  efficienti- 
bus,  limbo  marginis  antlci  obscuro  nuUo. 

Bristle  of  the  autonii.i)  plumose  with  white,  thorax  striped,  wings  reticu- 
lati'd  with  dark  spots  forming  double  bauds,  costal  border  without  dark 
margin.     Long.  corp.  0.2(J.     Long.  al.  0.22. 

Syn.   Tclanocira  combinata  Loew,  Wien.  Ent.  Monatscli.  Ill,  295. 

Rcddish-browii,  more  ncorn-colorod  on  the  abdomen.  Front  dark 
yellow  witli  the  middle  strijje  broad,  imi)ressod,  polished,  narrowed 
anteriorly,  a  small  blaek  dot  being  on  each  side  near  tiie  orbit, 
and  a  seeond  more  anteriorly  between  the  antenna)  and  anterior 
corner  of  the  eye.  The  face  wliit«,  not  much  receding,  rather  ex- 
cavated in  the  middle.  Antennic  yv-^l'ow,  third  joint  short,  with 
the  upper  edge  margined  with  blackish  and  not  distinctly  excised  ; 
the  antenna]  bristle  yellowish  at  the  base,  with  a  white  plumatiou 
of  moderate  length.  Upper  side  of  the  thorax  almost  brownish- 
ferruginous,  with  broad  lateral  borders  dusted  with  whitish;  the  two 
longitudiiuil  stripes  in  the  middle  are  blackish  and  covered  with 
dense  white  dust.  The  scutelluni  is  of  the  same  color  as  the  upper 
side  of  the  thorax,  and  has  the  sides  dusted  with  whitish.  The 
pleune  too  resemble  the  upper  side  of  the  thorax  in  their  color, 
appearing  however,  with  the  exception  of  a  longitudinal  stripe  on 
their  superior  part,  of  a  paler  shade,  on  account  of  their  whitish  dust. 
Immediately  before  the  poiscrs  there  is  a  very  conspicuous,  rounded, 
brownish-black  i,pot.  The  abdomen  is  more  acorn-colored;  it  has 
a  black  middle  stripe  not  sharply  bordered  and  interrupted  at  the 
incisions,  and  a  rather  broad,  polished,  brownish-red  stripe  at 
some  distance  from  each  lateral  border.  Legs  brownish-yellow, 
the  tibiic  a  little  darker  than  the  femora  ;  the  tarsi  blackish  towards 
their  tip.  AVings  rather  yellowish,  having  the  reticulation  formed 
by  narrow,  gray  stripes  in  the  middle  of  the  intervals  and  by 
brown  spots  reaching  from  the  longitudinal  veins  as  far  as  these 
stripes;  the  brown  spots  are  arranged  so  as  to  form  distinct  double 
bands  running  across  the  wing;  the  last  of  these  bands  is  at  the 
very  tip  of  the  wing,  the  penultimate  runs  between  it  and  the  pos- 
terior transverse  vein  ;  the  antepenultimate  runs  over  the  posterior 
transverse  vein  itself;  there  is  besides,  anteriorly,  the  beginning  of 
a  double  band  before  the  penultimate  band ;  the  small  transverse 


fi  "'    ' 

■  -i^- 

i  '' 

M 

ut  -     . 

.    .•■  *■ ; 

s    '*■ 

l- ' . 

>:^ 

if 

TETANOCERA. 


in 


vein  is  a  little  'leforc  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell;  the  posterior 
transvoi'se  vein  is  a  little  carved  and  rather  steep. 
Ilah.  Middle  States.    (Osteu-Sacken.) 


8.  T.  sparsa  Loew.  %  and  9- — ^»-'ta  antpnnarum  albo-plumosa; 
thorax  vittatus ;  ahe  uiaculato-reticulatiB,  fasciis  duplicatiö  iiullis,  limbo 
marginis  aiitici  obscuro  nuUo. 

Bristle  of  tlie  antennfc  plumose  with  white,  thorax  striped,  wings  reticu- 
lated with  dark  spots  forming  no  double  bands,  costal  border  without 
dark  margin.     Long.  corp.  0.24.     Long.  al.  0.22. 

Yellowish-brown,  opaqne.  Front  dark  yellow,  with  the  middle 
stripe  broad,  impressed,  polished,  not  narrowed  anteriorly  ;  a  small 
black  dot  is  on  each  side  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  orbit,  and  a 
second  is  more  anteriorly  between  the  antennte  and  the  anterior 
corner  of  the  eye.  Face  white,  not  much  receding,  rather  exca- 
vated in  the  middle.  Antenna?  yellow ;  the  third  joint  nearly  as 
long  as  the  second,  a  little  excised  on  the  upper  side,  rather  pointed ; 
the  bristle  of  the  antennte  with  the  base  yellow,  its  pubescence 
whitish.  Upper  side  of  the  thorax  with  two  brown  middle  stripes 
connected  posteriorly  and  separated  anteriorly,  and  not  reaching 
the  anterior  border  of  the  thorax;  two  broader  lateral  stripes  are 
of  the  same  color,  but  not  so  distinct.  The  scutellum  also  is  of 
the  colour  of  the  thorax,  but  dusted  with  whitish  on  the  sides. 
Pleura;  paler  than  the  upper  side  of  the  thorax,  having,  towards 
their  superior  border,  a  brownish-red  longitudinal  stripe  continued 
as  far  as  below  the  poisers.  The  abdomen  has  a  very  indistinct, 
dark  middle  line  interrupted  at  the  incisions;  on  each  side,  at  a 
distance  from  the  lateral  border,  a  brighter  stripe  not  differing 
.«ensibly  in  co^or  from  the  general  color  of  the  abdomen.  Legs 
pale  yellowish;  tibite  not  darker  than  the  femora;  tarsi  blackish 
towards  their  tips.  "Wings  only  little  yellowish  ;  the  reticulation 
is  formed  by  very  narrow,  gray  stripes  running  in  the  middle  of 
the  intervals,  and  by  brown'  spots  reaching  from  the  longitudinal 
veins  as  far  as  the  stripes;  the  brown  spots  are  arranged  so  as  to 
form  no  double  bands,  showing  only  the  anterior  indistinct  begin- 
nings of  some  narrow  simple  bands,  the  number  of  which  is  three, 
besides  the  narrow  margin  of  the  tip  of  the  wing.  The  small  trans- 
verse vein  is  a  little  before  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell ;  the  pos- 
terior transverse  vein  is  only  very  little  curved  and  rather  steep. 

Hab.  Middle  States.    (Osten-Sacken.) 


'^I^^^' 


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im 


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4 


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I: 


118 


DIPTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Ohscrvniion Tet.  sparsn  difTers  too  much  from  Tct.  comhinatn 

in  the  markings  of  the  wings  to  l)e  considered  as  identical  with  it. 
I  have,  however,  to  remind,  that  they  agree  much  more  in  their  struc- 
ture than  is  usual  in  nearly-related  s})ccics  of  this  genus,  and  that 
my  oi)inion,  formed  on  I'ery  scanty  materials  (1  9  of  Tel.  combi- 
nuUi,  1  %  and  1  9  of  Tel.  sparsa),  cannot  but  have  a  very  second- 
ary weight.  Nor  will  the  difference  in  the  markings  of  the  thorax, 
however  striking  they  may  seem,  solve  the  question,  since,  in  some- 
what immature  specimens,  they  always  appear  inconstant,  and  are 
often  variable  even  in  quite  mature  ones. 

9.  T.  costaliä  LoEW.  %, — Seta  antennarum  albo-pluniosa ;  thorax 
vittatus  ;  al.«  grosne  r.iacnlato-reticulatic,  margine  autico  auguste  uigro- 
limbato,  veuil  transvorsä  posteriore  perpendiculari,  rectiX. 

Bristle  of  the  antenn.-c  plumose  with  white,  thorax  striped,  wings  reticu- 
lated with  coarse  dark  spots  and  the  costal  border  having  a  narrow  black 
margin,  posterior  transverse  vein  perjiendicular  and  straight.  Long, 
corp.  0.17.     Long.  al.  0.17. 

Yellowish-brown,  somewhat  tinged  with  reddish,  opaque.  Front 
yellow,  with  the  middle  stripe  broad,  excavated,  and  polished,  not 
tapering  anteriorly ;  on  each  side  near  the  orbit  there  is  a  small 
black  dot,  and  more  anteriorly  a  second  larger  one  between  the 
antenna)  and  the  anterior  corner  of  the  eye.  Antenna)  yellow,  with 
the  third  joint  a  little  longer  than  the  second,  but  little  excised  on 
the  upper  side,  not  much  pointed.  Antennal  bristle  with  the  base 
only  yellow  and  covered  with  a  close  white  pubescence.  Face  white, 
rather  considerably  receding.  Upper  side  of  the  thorax  dusted 
with  whitish  on  the  lateral  borders;  in  the  middle,  there  are  two 
complete  longitudinal  stripes,  formed  of  whitish  dust  and  bordered 
with  brownish  streaks,  which  arc  not  quite  distinct  and  interrupted 
in  the  middle  of  the  thorax.  Superior  part  of  the  pleura)  with  a 
brownish-red  longitudinal  stripe  continued  to  beneath  the  poisers. 
ScutcUum  yellowish.  Abdomen  unicolorous,  having  no  trace  of 
darker  stripes  in  the  described  specimen.  Legs  whitish-yellow, 
not  distinctly  blackened  at  the  end  of  the  tarsi;  under  side  of  tho 
posterior  femora  with  small  short  bristles.  Surface  of  the  wings 
a  little  yellowish,  with  the  stigma  and  a  margin  of  the  costal  border 
black  ;  this  margin  runs  from  the  stigma  as  far  as  the  fourth  longi- 
tudinal vein,  being  very  narrow  as  far  as  the  tip  of  the  second 
longitudinal  vein,  and  then  broader;  there  are  about  six  or  seven 


.i 


TETANOCERA. 


119 


i/fv 


small  dear  spots  on  the  anterior  side  of  tlic  second  longitudinal 
vein;  the  remainder  of  the  coarse  reticulation  is  little  connected, 
and  formed  of  rather  sparse  small  blackish  spots;  the  small  trans- 
verse vein  is  a  little  before  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell;  the  pos- 
terior transverse  vein  is  distinguished  by  its  being  perfectly  straight 
and  perpendicular. 

Ilah.  Illinois.    (Osten-Sacken.) 

10.  T.  sai-atogensis  Fixcir.  %  .ind  9.— Sota  antennarum  albo-plu- 
mata ;  thorax  vittatus ;  al;e  confurtim  Htiiato-retiunlatiO  margine  antico 
lato  fusco-llmLato,  vena  transversa,  posteriore  flexuosä. 

Bristle  of  the  antenna;  plumose  with  wliite,  thorax  striped,  wings  striped 
witli  gray  and  reticulated  with  darker  dots,  costal  liorder  having  a  broad, 
hlackish-brown  margin,  posterior  transverse  vein  undulating.  Long. 
Corp.  0.2—0.22.     Long.  al.  0.18—0.20. 

Si'N.  Ti'tnnocira  saratogensis  FiTCii,  Report  I,  G8. — Loew,  Wien.  Ent.  Mo- 
natsch.  Ill,  29(j. 

This  species,  which  is  readily  distinguished  from  all  the  N.  A. 
species  known  to  me  by  the  costal  border  of  its  wings  having  a 
broad  blackish- brown  margin  reaching  as  far  as  the  second  longitu- 
dinal vein,  has  been  accurately  described  1)y  Dr.  A.  Fitch  in  the 
above  quoted  place.  Tt  strikingly  resembles  th  Euroi)ean  7'et. 
pratornm  Fall.  After  examining  a  great  number  of  specimens  of 
the  two  species,  I  found  it  impossible  to  discover  any  constant  differ- 
ence in  their  structure;  but  the  brownish-black  color  of  the  costal 
border  of  the  wings  as  weil  as  the  spots  along  the  longitudinal 
veins  in  all  the  N.  A.  specimens  reach  farther  towards  the  base  of 
the  wing  than  is  the  case  in  any  Eurojican  one,  besides,  in  the 
former,  the  color  of  the  club-like  male  genitals  is  very  dark,  whereas 
in  the  latter  it  is  much  Jight'a*  and  almost  yellowish.  Whether 
the  two  hoary  stripes  of  the  tl  orax  really  are  more  distant  in  2\l. 
saratogensis,  as  they  seem  to  be,  I  dare  not  pronounce  with  cer- 
tainty, since  some  specimens  from  Northern  Europe  approach  in 
this  respect  the  American  ones.  Moreover  the  space  between 
those  stripes  in  N.  A.  specimens  as  well  as  in  European  ones,  is 
sometimes  altogether  yellow,  sometimes  bordered  with  distinct 
brown  longitudinal  lines,  sometimes  entirely  brown. 

Hub.  Middle  States.    (Osten-Sacken.) 

Mr.  Loew  referring  to  Dr.  Fitch's  description,  without  giving  one  of  his 
own,  I  reproduce  the  former  here. — 0.  S. 


w. 


,•'.«;■;■ 


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'il: 


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I  '^' 


~   'M  , 


'iff 


'I.' 


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■4 

^1 


^  i  ■  .:!!?| 


•A 


120 


DIPTEIIA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Tin  licfiil  nliovo  in  u'oMi'ii  yell()\v  witli  twoHniall  riinty  atripoH  on  its  fore 
part,  11  \i\aek  spot  at  liiisu  !ui(l  dot  enoh  sido  anteriorly,  almost  in  <'oiitac't 
witli  till!  eye,  and  a  second  one,  nlso  bhudc,  on  tlio  anterior  inartri'i,  lietween 
the  vyo  and  tlio  nnteiinie.  Fa^io  silvery  white.  Aiiteniiiu  light  yellow, 
second  joint  lonjjer  than  liroad,  with  flno  short  black  bristles  along  its 
upper  and  nndi-r  «dgi» ;  third  joint  tinged  with  l)rown,  narrow  and  eurvod, 
its  n|>per  side  being  concave,  its  lower  side  convex,  and  nearly  parallel 
with  the  uiii)er  sido,  but  slightly  narrowed  towards  tho  apex,  which  is 
rounded  ;  seta  yellowish  white,  iiliniiose.  Thorax  jyalo  dull  yidlow,  witli 
a  faint  darlicr  stripi!  each  s'de  of  tho  middle,  which  stripes  have  an  ash 
gray  rellection  when  viewed  from  the  front ;  clothed  with  a  short  blacli 
beard  and  a  few  long  black  bristles.  Scutel  ash  gray  with  two  nearly 
erect  black  bristles  eac.i  side.  I'oisers  yellowish  white.  Abdomen  dusky, 
clothed  with  a  short  bla«  k  beard,  hind  edges  of  the  segments  pale  dull 
yellow.  Legs  pale  yell«  w,  with  a  flue  black  beard,  and  the  spine-like 
bristles  at  the  end  o*"  tho  shanks  black.  Wings  iridescent,  smoky  brown 
on  the  outer  and  apical  margins,  hyaline  towards  the  axilla,  the  space 
l)otween  divided  into  numerous  squaro  hyalino  spots  by  dusky  longitudi- 
nal stripes,  one  stripe  being  placed  in  the  middle  of  eacli  cell  and  sending 
short  transverse  branjhes  to  tho  veins  at  regular  intervals;  veins  and 
veinlets  black. 

11.  T.  plleliejil  LoEW.  %,  and  9- — Seta  antennarum  nigro-plumosa  ; 
ala;  non  reticulatte,  vena,  transversa,  posteriore  modice  arcuatii,  subper- 
pendiculari. 

Bristle  of  the  ar tenure  plumose  with  black,  wings  not  reticulated,  with 
tho  posterior  transverse  vein  moderately  arcuated  and  nearly  perpendi- 
cular.    Long.  Corp.  0.28—0.29.     Long.  al.  0  3. 

Yery  allied  and  similar  to  the  following  species,  but  certainly 
different.  Acorn-colored.  Front  yellow ;  the  usual  black  spot 
near  the  orbit  totally  wanting.  The  excavated  polished  middle 
stripe  of  the  front  is  not  enlarged  anteriorly  ;  the  polished  lateral 
stripes  are  very  broad  and  glossy,  yet  do  not  extend  far  beyond 
the  middle  of  the  front.  Antonna3  dark  yellow,  the  third  joint  a 
little  longer  than  the  second,  rather  distinctly  excised  on  its  upper 
sido ;  antennal  bristle  black  with  long  and  very  clothe  black  hairs. 
Face  considerably  retreating,  yellowish  with  wliite  reflection.  Upper 
side  of  the  thorax,  scutellum  and  pleurae  quite  as  in  the  following 
species.  Abdomen  brownish-yellow  without  darker  middle  line 
nor  lateral  stripes  in  tho  pair  I  have  before  me ;  but  in  well  colored 
specimens  they  may  exist.  Legs  as  in  Tet.  plumosa.  Wings 
brownish-yellow  margined  with  blackish-brown  on  the  whole  of 
the  costal  border,  beginning  at  the  base  of  the  stigma  and  being 


TETANOCERA. 


121 


"I  If , 

Hi 


exteiulc'il  nt  tlio  apex  to  u  little  beyond  the  tip  of  the  fourth  loiif^i- 
tiidiiml  vein;  there  are  besides  jrrayisli  stripes  between  the  h)ngi- 
tiidiiial  veins;  the  transverse  veins  aro  margined  with  (hirlc  browii- 
isli-l»lack ;  tlie  small  transverse  vein  is  in  the  ndihlle  of  the  discal 
fell ;  the  posterior  transverse  vein  is  distinctly  eiirved,  but  not  iu 
tlic  sha})e  of  an  S,  and  has  a  rather  steep  jiosition. 

Jliib.  Middle  States.     (O.sten-Saeken.) 

ObservutiuH  1. — This  speeics  is  very  similar  to  the  European  Tet. 
elata  Fabr.,  but  dilTers  by  its  posterior  transverse  vein,  which, 
although  more  arenated,  has  n  steeper  position,  by  its  nnteniuc 
being  a  little  broader  and  the  black  hair  of  its  antennal  bristle 
being  much  closer. 

Obaervatioii  2. — From  Tct.  plnmosa  this  species  not  only  differs 
by  the  form  and  situation  of  the  ))osterior  transverse  vein,  but 
particularly  by  the  considerable  breadth  of  the  polished  lateral 
stripes  of  the  front,  which  in  Tttanocera  plumosu  ure  exceedingly 
narrow. 

IS.  T.  plnmosa  boKw.  %  and  9. — Si-ta  antonnnrum  nigro-phimosa  ; 
alas  non  reticulata,  vena  tranäverisa  posteriore  bifloxa  ot  vaUle  obliciuil. 

Bristle  of  the  antcainio  plumoso  with  black,  wings  not  reticulated,  with 
the  posterior  transverse  vein  hiarcuated  and  very  obli<iue.  Long.  corp. 
O.ai— 0.39.     Long.  al.  0.128— 0.3r). 

Sy.v.    TctanocAra  vidua  Macquaut,  Dipt.  exot.  II,  3,  ISO,  Tab.  XXIV,  fig.  7. 
Tetanoccra  jiluiiiosa  LoEW,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.  VIII,  201. — Loew,  Wien. 

Ent.  Zeit.  Ill,  liDO. 
Tvlanoci ni  struthio  Walker,  List  of  Dipt.  IV,  1086. 

A  species  of  iue  relationship  of  Tet.  arrogans,  ehtta,  etc. 
Acorn-colored.  Front  yellow,  with  a  small  brown  dot  instead  of 
the  ordinary  lateral  black  spots  on  each  orbit ;  the  excavated  pol- 
ished middle  stripe  of  the  front  being  of  middle  breadth,  and  but 
little  enlarged  anteriorly;  the  polished  lateral  stripes  very  narrow 
and  obsolete.  Antenmii  dark  yellow;  the  third  joint  as  long  as  the 
second,  rather  distinctly  excised  on  its  upper  side  ;  antennal  bristle 
black  with  long  and  very  close  black  hairs.  Face  rather  receding, 
yellowish  with  white  reflection.  Upper  side  of  the  thorax  with  the 
lateral  border  broad,  dusted  with  white  and  the  three  central  longi- 
tudinal stripes  likewise  covered  with  whitish  dust  and  leaving  be- 
tween them  two  complete  narrow  reddish-ferruginous  stripes  which 
unite  on  the  hind  border  of  the  thorax  and  run  over  the  scutellum. 


''*.' 


I 


m 
lb 


pi 

k 


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I 


Uli, 


R« 


..•>; 


.iii 


122 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Plcuni!  with  a  nnrrow  ferriif^inous  loii^^itiidinal  stripe  on  the  supe- 
rior bonier.  Abdomen  neorn-colored,  with  a  darlxer  middle  stripe 
interrupted  at  the  ineisions.  Le^js  brownish-yellow,  tibiie  usually 
a  little  darker  than  the  femora,  tarsi  blaekened  towards  the  tips. 
Win<i;s  brownish-yellow,  marfrined  with  blaelvish-brown  on  the 
whole  of  the  eostal  border,  l)e<,Mnning  from  the  base  of  the  stigma 
and  ending  a  little  beyond  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  ; 
moreover,  there  arc  usually  dark  gray  stri|)es  between  the  longitu- 
dinal veins  ;  the  transverse  veins  are  nuirginod  with  dark  brownish- 
blaek  ;  the  snnill  transverse  vuin  is  plaeed  a  little  before  the  middle 
of  the  diseal  cell ;  the  i)osterior  transverse  vein  is  very  arcuated  in 
the  shape  of  an  S,  and  has  a  very  oblique  position  ;  in  most  spe- 
cimens the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  has  some  small  stumps,  most 
of  which  are  emitted  from  its  inner  side,  each  being  inclosed  in  a 
dot-like  brownish  black  cloud.  Such  specimens  resemble  very 
much  the  European  VW.  amiurin  Fabr. 

Hah.  Sitka.     Middle  States.     (Osten-Sacken.) 
Observation. — The  name  of  2\t.  vlcina  if    »reoccupied  by  R. 
Desvoidy. 


13.  T,  triangularis  Lokw.  J.  (Translated  from  Herlin.  Entom. 
Zeitscli.  lS(jl,p.  344,  tiy  B.  Osten-Sacken.) — Glandicolor,  thoraco  bili- 
neato,  frontis  opacjc  vittulis  lateralil)us  Irevigatis,  subobsoletis,  fossnlA 
meiliil  (listinctil,  non  dilatata,  subtriangulü,  anteunarum  setA  pilis  longis, 
rarioi'iljus,  iiigris  plumata,  alis  lutescentibus,  unicoloribus,  venis  traus- 
versis  fusco-limbatis,  posteriore  siibrectä. 

Acorn-colored,  thorax  with  two  lines,  front  opaqne,  its  lateral  stripes 
shining,  almost  obsolete,  the  furrow  in  the  middle  distinct,  not  dilated, 
siibtriangular,  antennal  bristle  with  long,  rare,  black  hairs,  wings  lutes- 
cent,  unicolorous,  transverse  veins  margined  with  fuscous,  the  posterior 
one  almost  straight.     Long.  corp.  0.20 — 0.27.     Long.  al.  0.27. 

Occiput  yellow,  with  a  large  shining-white  spot.  Front  bright 
yellow,  entirely  opaque,  the  ordinary  lateral  stripes  shining,  narrow, 
almost  obsolete ;  the  furrow  in  the  middle  distinct,  shining,  not 
dilated,  very  shortened,  subtriangular.  Antenna)  rather  short, 
ochraceous,  last  joint  a  little  longer  than  the  two  preceding  taken 
together,  ferruginous  at  the  tip,  bristle  with  long  but  rather  rare, 
black  hairs.  Face  shining-white,  immaculate.  Thorax  above 
with  two  darker,  very  approximated,  lines.    Abdomen  unlcolored. 


u>- 


TETANOCKUA. 


123 


lit'ffs  lutcona,  tlircc  last  joints  of  tlie  fore  tnrsi,  one  of  tlic  inter- 
mcdinto  ones,  and  two  of  the  hind  ones,  binclvisli ;  liind  femora  of 
the  nude  l)esot  helow  with  hUwk  bristles.  Wings  hiteseent,  .mico- 
lorons,  fore  nnd  npiciil  Itorder  not  elonded,  fninsverse  veins  nmr- 
gincd  with  Ijrown,  tlic  |M)stcrior  one  iihnost  straiglil. 

J/ah.  Nortli  Ked  llivtir.  Ilngiisli  lliver.  (II.  Kennieott.) 
Observation. — Very  lilvC  Tit.  sylvaticn  Meig.,  hnt  «till  nearer 
allied  to  Tct.  vniro/or  Loew,  dislinet  from  tiie  former  by  the  frontal 
furrow,  whieh  is  very  mucli  abbreviated  here  nnd  by  tlie  anterior 
niarpiii  wldeli  is  not  sliining;  from  the  latter,  whieh  it  also  exeeeds 
in  size,  by  the  striped  thorax,  und  the  narrower  and  less  obsolete 
frontal  furrow. 


14.  T.  rotlindicoi'IltHLoKW.  %  ami  9.  (Translnted  from  tho  Berlin. 
Entoni.  ZL'itschr.  Isdl,  p.  ;544,  by  1{.  O.stcn-S.ickcn.) — Kx  Imlvo  glaudi- 
color,  fiontisopacje  vittulis  lateralilnis  orcUnariis  Huljliuvigatis,  ilistinctis, 
fossulil  media  a'tjuali  usque  ad  anteriorem  froutis  marginum  producta, 
nntt'iiiianim  articulo  tntlo  ovato,  supcriiis  non  exci.so,  seta  pilis  iiif,'ri3 
longis,  sed  raris  pliunalil,  alls  lutcscciitibus,  costic  dimidio  .seciindo  et 
apice  angusto  fuscis,  venia  transversis  fusco-limbatid,  posteriore  sub- 
recti. 

Pale  yellowish  ncorn-colorod,  tlio  ordinary  lateral  stripes  of  the  opaque 
front  rather  shining,  distiiiot,  the  intonuediate  furrow  (Mjual,  extended  to 
the  anterior  margin  of  the  front,  third  joint  of  the  untennie  ovate,  not 
excised  superiorly,  bristle  with  long  black,  but  rare,  hairs,  wings  lutes- 
cent,  the  posterior  half  of  tho  costa  and  the  apex  with  a  narrow  brown- 
ish cloud,  transverse  veins  clouded  with  brownish,  the  iiosterior  one 
almost  straight.     Long.  corp.  0,'2G.     Long.  al.  0.22 — 0.2(5. 

Occiput  yellow,  with  a  heart-shaped  shiinng-white  spot.  Front 
bright  yellow,  opaque,  the  ordinary  lateral  stripes  .shining,  rather 
broad,  the  intermediate  furrow  shining,  of  equal  breadth,  entire. 
Antenna)  short,  ochraceous,  third  joint  ovate,  iiot  excised  supe-, 
riorly,  the  bristle  with  long,  black,  but  sparse  hair.  Thorax  above 
with  four  darker  lines,  the  intermediate  ones  entire,  the  lateral 
ones  interrupted,  not  seldom  all  four  obsolete.  Abdomen  unieolor- 
ous  with  a  rather  obscure  lateral  vitta,  which  is  generally  obsolete 
in  the  male.  Legs  luteous,  last  joints  of  the  tarsi  black,  hind 
femora  of  the  male  beset  below  with  black  spines.  AVings  lutes- 
cent,  the  posterior  half  of  the  costal  border  with  a  paler,  the  apical 
border  with  a  more  saturated  infuscation,  transverse  veins  clouded 
with  fuscous,  the  posterior  one  nearly  straight  and  perpendicular. 


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124 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Ildh.  North  Red  River.     Enplisli  River.     (Robt.  Kemiieott.) 
Observalinn. — Stumps  of  veins  proceed  sometimes  from  the  pos- 


terior side  of  the  fourth  longitudiiuil  vein. 


Gen.  III.     SEPEDOX  Latk. 

All  the  described  species  of  the  genus  Sepedon  agree  much  in 
their  structure  and  arc  very  readily  and  sharply  distinguished  from 
those  species  of  TeUnwccra  which  approach  them  in  the  whole 
structure  of  the  body,  as,  for  instance,  Tet.  ohiilerata  Fall,  and 
gruvilts  Loew.  The  most  strildng  difl'erencc  consists  in  the  form 
of  the  heads  with  the  protuberant  eyes,  the  excavated  front  and  iti 
the  second  antciinal  joint  being  very  much  prolonged  and  attenu- 
ated. Among  the  four  N.  A.  species  known  to  me  three  fully 
agree  as  to  these  characters  with  the  described  species,  but  the 
fourth  considerably  ditlers  from  them  by  having  the  second  anten- 
nal  joint,  though  much  prolonged,  not  attenuated,  but  broad  as  in 
the  species  of  the  genus  Tetanocera,  while  its  head  is  in  every 
respect  that  of  a  Sepec/ou,  so  that,  if  we  will  not  ."orni  a  new  genus 
for  it,  it  oaiinot  by  any  means  be  placed  in  Tetanocera;  I  consider 
it  as  the  typ    of  a  new  group  of  Sepedon. 


1 


1  fuscipennis  Loew. 
2 


Si/iinpsis  of  the  Species. 

J  Second  joint  of  the  antennic  broad. 
I.  St'cond  joint  of  the  antenna?  narrow, 
f  Hind  femora  slender  and  very  much  prolonged,  with  a  brown  ring  be- 
!  fore  the  tip.  2  macropus  Walk. 

IIukI  femora  rather  much  thickened,  with  no  brown  ring  before  the 
tip.  3 

Under  side  of  the  hind  femora  in  tho  male  with  a  deep  excision  and 
3  -j  two  teeth.  3  armipes  Loew. 

a  of  both  sexes  simple.  4  pusillus  Loew. 


'{ 


I  Under  side  o 

i  -j  two  teet: 

y  Hind  femora 


1.  S.  filscipeiiiiis  Loew.     %   and  9. — Rufo-brunneus,  secundo  an- 
tennarum  articulo  lato. 

Chestnut-brown,  seconri  joint  of  the  antenn:»'  broad.     Long.  corp.  0.2ö — 
0.27.     Long.  al.  0.27. 

Syx.   Stjiciloii  fuscipennis  Loew,  Wien.  Ent.  Monatsch.  Ill,  2'J9. 

Of  a  rather  dark  chestnut  color.  Head  a  little  paler.  Front 
with  a  very  wide  excavation  and  an  oblong  black  spot  on  each  side 
near  the  orbit,  and  a  deep  black  dot-like  one  below  each  antenna 


i^:^ 


t 


SEPEDOX. 


125 


and  a  liltlo  removed  rrotn  the  orl)it.  Antenna}  of  the  color  of  the 
head  ;  the  second  joint,  allhongh  elonj^ated'as  in  the  other  species 
0^  Sij)i'<Ioti,  is  broad  as  in  Tctdiioccnr  and  with  lihnek  hairs;  the 
third  joint  a  little  darker,  rather  aentely  ovate,  Itlaekish  at  the  tip. 
Anteiinul  bristle  white  at  the  tip,  and  with  a  white  pubescence,  its 
two  first  joints  and  the  base  of  the  third  beinjif  black.  Upper 
side  of  the  thorax  in  well-preserved  .specimens  with  a  brown 
longitudinal  stripe  on  each  side;  its  middle  is  fine  whitish  hoary, 
and  marked  with  four  darker  lines  not  cpiite  reaching  the  hind 
border  of  the  thorax,  the  innermost  being  by  far  more  distinct. 
The  scnlillum,  too,  the  greatest  portion  of  the  pleniio  and  the 
coxtu  are  whitish  hoary.  Abdomen  rather  glossy,  with  a  very 
blight  vestige  of  whitish  hoar.  Legs  i)ale  chestnut-brown,  hind 
femora  with  the  apical  half  darker,  and  the  greatest  part  of  the 
under  side  beset  with  rather  scattered  black  spine-like  bristles; 
the  anterior  and  jjosterior  tibi:«  at  the  tips  and  the  tarsi  blackish, 
the  middle  tarsi  chestnut-brown  at  the  base.  The  very  delicate 
black  hairs  on  the  upper  .side  of  the  posterior  tii)iie  are  much 
longer  in  the  male  than  in  the  female,  and  in  genend  longer  than 
usual  in  the  species  of  this  genus.  AN'ings  clouded  with  dark 
smoky  brown,  more  yellowish-brown  towards  the  costal  liorder ; 
the  tnuisvcrse  veins  with  narrow  blackish  margins;  the  posterior 
transverse  vein  is  considerably  arcuated  and  has  a  very  oblique 
position. 

JIak  .Middle  States.     (Os'    i-Sackcn.) 

2.  S.  lliacropus  Walk.  %. — ToslaceuSj.natciin.inim  arlicniiosccundo 
tenui,  t'eiuoribus  jiosticis  lon^issimis,  gracilibus,  fusco-aniiulatis. 

Yellowish-red,  second  anteiinal  joint  iinvrow,  po.steiiov  femora  very  long, 
slender,  and  marked  with  a  brown  ring.  Long.  corp.  0.;5.  Long.  al. 
0.3,')  lin. 

Syn.  Sepcdon  macropns  Walkkh,  List  Dipt.  IV,  1078. 

Yellowish-red,  with  the  inferior  portion  of  the  ])leura}  as  well 
as  the  hips  having  a  bright  white  rellection.  I-'ront  without  lateral 
spots.  Face  glossy  ;  l)elow  each  antenna  is  a  l)lack  spot  distant 
from  the  orbit  and  surrounded  with  a  white  rellection  on  the  pol- 
ished face;  another  spot  with  bright  white  rellection  rnns  from 
the  under  side  of  the  eyes  down  the  cheeks  Antenna;  yellowish- 
brown  ;  the  second  joint  is  slender  and  dark  brown  towards  the 


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126 


DIPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


tip :  the  third  joint  blackish  with  tlie  antenna]  bristle  beset  with  a 
very  short  pubescence.  Thorax  with  a  rather  distinct  reddish 
ferruginous  middle  stripe  continuing  over  the  scutellum  (it  may  be 
more  marked  in  better  preserved  specimens).  The  abdominal 
segments  each  with  a  browner  margin  of  the  hind  border.  Legs 
very  elongated  with  very  short  spine-like  hairs;  the  bristles  on  the 
under  side  of  the  very  long,  straight,  not  thickened  hind  femora 
are  likewise  very  short;  the  hind  tibia)  slender  and  almost  straight. 
Color  of  the  legs  brownish-yellow,  the  tips  of  all  femora  being 
brown  and  the  posterior  femora  having  besides  a  brown  ring  on 
their  last  third ;  the  anterior  and  middle  tibiiü  have  only  brown 
tips  ;  the  posterior  tibia)  are  quite  brown  with  a  very  broad 
brownish-yellow  ring  before  the  tip;  middle  tarsi  yellowish-brown, 
more  blackish-brown  towards  the  tip;  hind  tarsi  quite  dark  brown. 
Wings  clouded  with  brown;  posterior  transverse  vein  slightly 
curved,  not  very  steep.  This  description  has  been  taken  from  a 
rather  old  specimen. 

JJab.  Jamaica;  (Walker.)     Cuba;  (Poey.) 

3.  S.  armipes  Loew.  %  and  9. — Bmnnens,  antennarnra  articulo 
secundo  teniii,  femoribus  postlcis  incrassatis,  in  mare  subtus  profunde 
excisis  et  jiropo  basim  bidentatis. 

Brown,  second  antennal  joint  slender,  hind  femora  thickened,  in  the  male 
with  "  deep  excision  on  the  under  side  and  two  teeth  near  the  base. 
Long.  corp.  0.18.     Long.  al.  0.18. 

Syn.  Scpcdun  armipes  Loev,',  Wien.  Ent.  Monatsch.  Ill,  2!)8. 

Xot  dissimilar  to  Sep.  spiin'pes,  but  darker  and  somewhat  smaller. 
Head  pule  yellowish,  with  the  front  and  upper  part  of  the  occiput 
brown,  the  former  having  a  black  spot  on  each  side  ncr  the  orbit 
and  a  black  dot  below  each  antenna  a  little  removed  from  the 
orbit.  Tlie  two  first  joints  of  the  antenna)  brownish-yellow,  the 
second  attenuated  as  in  most  species  of  this  genus;  the  third  more 
or  less  lanceolate,  black  with  the  base  only  yellow.  The  first 
and  second  joints  of  the  antennal  bristle  dark  yellow,  the  third 
with  the  base  blackish,  the  remainder  being  white  with  very  short 
white  pubescence.  Upper  side  of  the  thorax  finely  hoary  in  the 
middle,  on  which  some  dark  longitudinal  lines  are  visible.  Pleu- 
ra3  dusted  with  white.  Abdomen  rather  glossy,  pale  chesinut- 
brown  or  almost  yellowish-red  at  the  tip.  Legs  brownish-yellow, 
the  femora  paler,  especially  towards  the  base;  the  hind  femora  are 


SEPEDON. 


127 


somewhat  spotted  with  brown  at  the  tip;  their  under  side  1ms 
a   rather  deep  exeision,  and  immediately  before  this  excision  a 
coarse,  almost  two-headed,  hook,  and  farther  to  the  base  a  smaller 
obtuse  tooth,  the  space  between  the  excision  and  the  tip  being 
beset  with  short  black  bristles.     The  femora  of  the  female  are 
simple.     The  posterior  tibiie  of  the  male  are  much  arcuated  at 
the  bejrinning  of  their  last  third,  the  two  first  thirds  being  almost 
quite  straight;  the  tibial  of  the  female  are  of  a  very  similar  struc- 
ture, but  not  quite  so  much  curved,  by  which  character  it  is  most 
readily  distinguished  from  the  female  of  Sepedon  jmsilhis,  the  pos- 
terior tibiai  of  which  have  a  slighter  and  much  more  uniform 
arcuation.     The  anterior  tibitc  arc  gradually  blackened  towards 
the  tip,  and  also  the  anterior  tarsi  are  rather  black,  the  second 
and  third  joints  only  being  paler  than  the  rest;  the  middle  tibia? 
show  no  trace  of  black,  but  the  tii)s  of  the  middle  tarsi  are  blackish 
as  well   as  those  of  the   hind   tarsi.     "Wings  smoky  gray,  more 
yellowish-brown  on  the  costal  border;  the  transverse  veins  with 
narrow  black  clouds;  the  po!^tt/ior  transverse  vein  is  but  little 
curved,  and  rather  steep. 

JIah.  Middle  States.    (Osten-Sackcn.) 


4»  S.  piisilllis  LoEW.     %  and  9  • — Brunneus,  antennarura  aiticulo  se- 
cundo  tenui,  femoribus  posticls  iucrassatis,  iu  utroijue  sexu  simplicibus. 

Brown,  second  antennal  joint  slender,  femora  thickened,  simple  iu  both 
sexes.     Long.  corp.  U.18.     Long.  al.  (J.  18. 

Syn.  Sipedon  pusillus  Ldinv,  Wien.  Knt.  Monats  jh.  Ill,  209. 

So  very  similar  to  the  preceding  species  that  a  short  enumera- 
tion of  its  diiTcrenccs  will  be  sullicient  to  characterize  it.  Tiic 
male  is  most  readily  distinguished  from  that  of  Sep.  urmipes  by 
its  hind  femora  being  sin,  ule.  The  females  of  the  two  species  are 
rather  more  diflicult  to  separate ;  the  most  certain  dillerence  is 
given  in  the  form  of  the  hind  tibiio,  wliioii  in  Sfp.  piisil/its  are 
slightly  and  uniformly  bent  in  their  whole  length,  whereas  in  the 
female  of  Sep.  armipcs  the  arcuation  is  not  only  more  considerable, 
but  also  aflects  chiefly  the  last  third.  All  other  dillerenccs  are 
either  uncertain  or  trifling;  namely,  tlie  structure  of  the  third  joint 
of  the  antennas  does  not  ailbrd  any  available  character  for  distin- 
guishing the  two  species,  in  op[)osition  to  what  I  was  inclined  to 
sup))cse  when  I  had  only  a  few  specimens  of  both  of  them. 

JIab.  Middle  States.    (Osten- Sacken.) 


■''t\  f^  .J 


it-,.'.     ' 


Vv 


^UJ. 


128 


DIPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Observation. — The  genera  Actora  and  Dryomyzn,  differing  in 
some  clmractors  from  the  true  Sciomyzidce,  are  not  comprised  in 
the  above  exposition.  I  have  not  seen  the  N.  A.  Actora,  pub- 
lished by  ^Ir.  Walker  as  Actora  ferriKjiuea.  The  two  N.  A.  spe- 
cies of  Dryomyza  I  know,  fall  both  into  that  section  which  is 
characterized  by  a  hairy  third  longitudinal  vein ;  the  flrst  is,  as  it 
seems,  identical  with  the  European  Dryomyza  änilis  Fall.;  the 
second,  though  resembling  in  its  colors  Dryomyza  ßaveola  Fabr., 
may  easily  be  identified  by  the  subjoined  description. 

Dryomyza  simplex  Loew.— Palllde  flava,  nltens,  fronte  et  an- 
teiinis  saturate  flavis,  opacis  ;  alfe  cinereo-hyalin;t>,  vena  loiigitudiuali 
tertiil  iiilis  loiigls  vestittl.     Long.  corp.  0.i28.     Long.  al.  0.31. 

Polished,  pale  yellow.  Front  deeper  yellow,  opaque,  with  the 
short  pubescence  and  the  bristles  black.  Antennai  concolorous 
with  the  front ;  antennal  bristle  with  rather  long  and  black  hairs. 
Wings  liujpid,  with  a  distinct  yellowish-gray  tinge ;  the  tnird 
longitudinal  vein  beset  with  long  hairs;  the  posterior  transverse 
vein  obsoletely  clouded  with  grayish,  the  small  transverse  vein  not 
clouded. 

Hah.  Middle  States.    (Osten-Sacken.) 


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ON  THE  NORTH  AMERICAN  EPHYDRINIDAE. 

The  family  of  Ephydnnida:  is  taken  licrc  altogether  in  the  extent 
which  was  ^\\Gn  to  it  by  Stenhamniar,  the  diligent  monographer 
of  the  Swedish  species,  and  by  Walker  in  his  work  on  the  British 
Diptom,  ijie  latter  founded  on  Haliday's  valuable  observations. 

The  characters  easily  distinguishing  the  Ephydrimdoß  from  all 
the  other  families  of  Diplera  acuh/ptera  may  be  set  down  as  fol- 
lows: Face  more  or  less,  often  considerably  convex;  either  with- 
out any  impression  at  all  beneath  the  antennae,  or  moderately  im- 
pressed, but  never  provided  with  membranous  antennal  furrows. 
AntennjG  short,  first  joint  small ;  antennal  bristle  either  nearly 
bare,  or  pubescent,  or  pectinated  on  the  ui)per  side  only.  Oral 
cavity  rounded,  in  most  of  the  genera  of  considerable  size;  cly- 
peus  distinct,  in  some  genera  retracted  in  the  oral  cavity,  in  the 
remaining  genera  prominent  over  the  oral  margin,  in  some  of  them 
of  a  rather  large  size;  palpi  small;  mentum  short,  more  or  less  in- 
c.assated.  Thorax  rather  quadrangular;  scutellum  proportionately 
large.  Abdomen  of  very  variable  form,  consisting  of  six  seg- 
ments in  the  males;  the  fer'oles  have  one  short,  and  generally  not 
distinctly  visible,  segment  more.  The  sixth  segment  being  al- 
ways small  and  generally  much  concealed  under  the  fifth,  the  struc- 
tural relations  depend  on  the  conformation  of  the  five  first  seg- 
ments; of  these  tlie  first  is  often  much  shortened  and  sometimes 
nearly  connate  with  the  second,  a  circumstance  which  has  led 
authors  to  omit  it  in  the  enumeration  or  to  count  the  two  first 
segments  for  one;  this  is  to  be  borne  in  mind  in  order  to  understand 
their  descriptions;  in  mine,  I  have  always  counted  the  first  seg- 
ment as  distinct,  however  difficult  it  may  be  to  observe  it.  The 
fifth  segment  is  also  of  very  variable  structure,  gciierally  nearly 
equalling  the  foregoing  in  size,  rarely  considcraljly  longer  in  both 
sexes  or  in  the  males,  still  more  seldom  much  smaller,  in  which 
case  the  fourth  segment,  especially  in  the  males,  is  longer  than 
9 


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130 


DIPTEBA  OP  NORTH  A3iERICA. 


usual.  The  liypopygium  of  the  male,  which  attains  a  considerable 
size  in  some  species  only,  is  turned  down,  and  generally,  together 
with  the  small  sixth  segment,  encompassed  by  the  lateral  border  of 
the  fifth  abdominal  segment  bending  down  over  it.  The  anal  ex- 
tremity of  the  female,  except  in  a  few  species,  is  entirely  retracted  ; 
for  this  reason,  the  sexual  difference  of  many  species  is  somewhat 
difTicult  to  ascertain  on  examining  single  dry  "specimens.  Wings 
on  their  whole  surface  covered  with  microscopical  hair ;  the  costal 
vein  consists  of  three  parts,  the  first  of  which  reaches  from  the  base 
■  0  a  little  beyond  the  transvers«»  humeral  vein,  which,  quite  in  its 
neighborhood,  runs  over  to  the  costa;  the  second  from  thence  to 
the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  where  the  third  begins. 
These  three  parts  of  the  costa'  vein  are  not  to  be  confounded  with 
the  three  segments  of  the  costal  vein  so  frequently  used  in  charac- 
terizing the  species;  the  latter  are  reckoned  from  the  base  of  the 
wing  to  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  from  thence  to  the 
tip  of  the  second  ongitudinal  vein,  and  from  this  to  the  tip  of  the 
third  longitudinal  vein.  The  auxiliary  vein  is  distinct  only  at  its 
very  Itase  and  then  coalesces  with  the  first  longitudinal  vein  ;  the 
second  basal  cell,  i.  e.  the  anterior  of  the  two  small  basal  cells,  unites 
with  the  discoidal  cell,  the  ordinary  separating  vein  disappearing, 
so  that  the  discoidal  cell  apparently  reaches  very  far  towards  the 
base  of  the  wings;  it  is  not  at  all  unusual,  that  on  a  closer  examina- 
tion a  rudiment  of  the  obliterated  transverse  vein  may  be  seen ; 
the  posterior  of  the  two  small  basal  cells  or  anal  cell  is  generally 
imperfect  and  very  small.  Aluloe  small.  Legs  slightly  bristled  ; 
in  some  genera  the  species  have  some  longer  bristles  on  the  upper 
side  of  the  intermediate  tibice,  which  in  all  genera  are  provided 
with  spurs. 

Most  of  the  species,  if  not  all,  live  in  the  neighborhood  of  water 
or  in  moist  places.  I  have  observed  many  years  ago,  that  the 
food  of  several  species  chiefly  consists  of  Infusoria.  The  larvaj  of 
those  European  species,  the  metamorphosis  of  which  is  known, 
live,  at  leasi  by  far  most  of  them,  in  water,  some  exclusively  in 
water  which  is  very  decidedly  salt ;  two  of  them  are  leaf-miners. 

General  division  of  the  Ephydrinidae. 

In  order  to  facilitate  the  determination  of  the  already  numerous 
genera  of  Ephydrinidce  it  will  be  useful  to  subdivide  this  family  in 
several  sections,  which  may  be  done  as  follows : — 


NOTIPHILINA. 


131 


1^ 


Second  joint  of  the  antennm  unguiculated  at  the  end,  or  at  least,  the 
upper  side  of  the  intermediate  tibize  beset  with  a  few  strong  bris- 
tles. I.    NOTIPIIILINA. 

Second  joint  of  the  antennre  not  unguiculated,  the  intermediate  tibife 
never  have  long  bristles  on  the  upper  side.  2 

!Eyes  hairy,  oral  cavity  never  of  considerable  size,  anterior  femora  never 
incrassated.  II.  Hydrellina. 

Eyes  naked,  oral  cavity  generally  very  largo.  III.  Ephydkina. 

The  second  joint  of  the  antennae  is  called  unguiculated  (toiffuictt- 
latum)  if  it  bears  on  its  end  a  bristi  j  directed  forwaru,  whether  it 
be  thickened  and  long,  or  thin  and  short.  In  the  latter  case  it  is 
often  difficult  to  perceive,  particularly  in  the  genera  Paralimna 
and  Corythophora,  which  in  the  whole  structure  of  their  heads 
approach  very  much  some  genera  o^  Efhydrina;  yet  the  presence 
of  several  long  bristles  on  the  upper  side  of  the  intermediate  tibiae 
and  the  color  and  markings  of  their  abdomens  point  out  too 
evidently  their  relation  to  the  species  of  the  widely  spread  genus, 
Notifhila,  to  be  overlooked.  The  hairy  eyes  will  be  sufficient 
in  general  to  enable  us  to  recognize  the  Hydrdlma;  in  those 
genera,  the  species  of  which  have  densely  pilose  eyes,  the  hairs 
are  often  exceedingly  short;  but  their  presence  even  then  is  easily 
known  by  the  whitish  reflection  shown  by  the  outline  of  the  eyes. 
In  the  genera  with  scattered  hairs  on  the  eyes  there  are  some  spe- 
cies in  which  it  is  very  difficult  to  perceive  the  single  small  hairs; 
in  order  to  distinguish  them  with  certainty  from  the  Ephydrina,  it 
is  to  be  borne  in  mind  that  in  the  latter  the  eyes  are  much  more 
rounded,  that  their  faces  are  narrowest  just  where  the  antennae 
are  inserted,  and  considerably  Increase  in  breadth  immediately 
below,  w  ereas  the  Hydrellina  have  always  more  oblong  eyes,  and 
their  faotJ  have  their  least  breadth  beneath  the  antennae;  the  oral 
cavity  als  >  is  never  so  strikingly  wide  as  in  most  genera  of  Ephy- 
drina;  moreover  the  clypeus  in  those  species  of  Hydrellina  which, 
on  account  of  the  indistinctness  of  the  pubescence  of  the  eyes, 
might  be  taken  for  Ephydrina,  is  very  little  developed. 


I.  NOTIPHILINA. 

The  second  joint  of  the  antennae  distinctly  unguiculated,  or  the 
piesence  of  some  long  bristles  on  the  upper  side  of  the  interme- 
diate tibiae  will  refer  any  species  to  the  present  section,  the  genera 


% 


&'^ 


^Hr, 


A 


M'l 


i;w. 


M. 

-ii.  .'i' 


13  :^ 


''I ' 


'•.V 


182 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


of  which  have,  witliout  exception,  an  aniennal  bristle  with  long 
pectinations  on  the  upper  side. 

Division  1.  Tlio  costal  vein  readies  to  the  third  longitudinal  vein. 
'  Abdominal  extremity  of  the  male  with  elongated  bristles. 

Dich  A  ETA  Meig. 
Abdominal  extremity  of  the  male  without  elongated  bristles. 

NoTipuiLA  Fall. 

Dirisinn  2.  The  costal  vein  reaches  to  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein. 
1  i  Ul)pci'  side  of  the  intormediato  ti'iire  with  some  long  bristles 


1-^ 


(  Ui)per  sidi 
(  Upiier  »id 


Upper  side  of  tlie  intermediate  tibia)  witliout  long  bristles.  3 

'Wings  with  a  costal  spine,  posterior  transverse  vein  perpendicular,  legs 
not  prolonged,  clypeus  very  prominent.  Pakalimna  Loiw. 

2  \  Wings  without  costal  spine,  posterior  transverse  vein  oblique,  legs  pro- 
longed, clypeus  hardly  projecting  beyond  the  oral  margin. 

CoiiYTHOPHOUA  Lo^W. 

Abdomen  sharply  edged,  apparently  three-jointed  in  both  sexes  ou 
account  of  the  minuteness  of  the  lirst  and  lifth  segments. 

TiUMEKiNA  Macq. 
Abdomen  not  sharply  edged,  fifth  segment  not  so  strikingly  short- 
ened, or  only  so  in  the  males.  4 
A  (  Abdomen  broad.  Discomyza  Mcig. 
\  Abdomen  not  broad.  5 
f  Superior  luJf  of  tlie  face  not  carinated,  third  joint  of  the  antennae 
5 1  more  or  less  oblong.  Psilopa  Fall. 
^  Superior  half  of  the  face  distinctly  carinated.  G 
/  Eyes  oblong,  cheeks  not  descending  much  beneath  the  eyes. 

6  <  DiscocERiNA  Macq. 
'■  Eyes  rounded,  cheeks  descending  very  much  beneath  the  eyes.  7 

7  /  Clypeus  very  prominent  beyond  the  oral  margin.    Athyrocslossa  Lnew. 
\  Clyiwus  projecting  very  little  beyond  the  oral  margin.  Uecamede  Hal. 


Of  the  enumerated  genera  I  know  Dicliceta,  Notiphila,  Paralimna, 
Discomyza,  Pstlopa ,anCi-üiscocerma  as  occurring  in  North  America. 

Gen.  I.    DICIIAETA  Meio. 

This  genus  is  closelj'  related  to  the  genus  Notiphila.  ]}oth  are 
distinguished  by  the  remarkable  stout  spine  of  the  second  joint  of 
the  antenna);  the  face  is  perpendicular  and  only  moderately  con- 
vex, the  clypeus  small  and  scarcely  prominent  beyond  the  border 
of  the  mouth ;  moreover,  in  both,  the  intermediate  tibiae  arc  beset 
on  the  upper  side  with  some  long  and  stout  bristles,  and  the  thick- 
ened costal  vein  terminates  already  at  the  tip  of  the  third  longi- 
tudinal vein.    The  characters  distinguishing  both  genera  from  each 


■v: 


DICIiAETA. 


133 


other  are  ns  follows:  Tlic  species  of  Dlchfcta  have  longer  and 
stouter  bristles;  the  mystueidal  bristles  on  the  side  of  their  face  there 
are  less  numerous,  but  much  longer  and  stouter;  moreover,  in  the 
males  of  Dichceta  the  penultimate  segment  of  the  abdomen,  on  its 
posterior  edge,  is  provided  with  a  transverse  row  of  very  long  bris- 
tles, and  on  the  tip  of  the  last  segment,  al)ove  the  anal  opening, 
there  are  two  bristles  inserted  near  each  other  and  curved  upwards, 
which  is  never  the  case  in  NulipliiUi. 

Only  two  European  species  of  Dk-lucta  were  hitherto  known.    The 
two  species  occurring  in  North  America  are  identical  with  them. 

Synopsis  of  the  Species, 
Last  segment  of  the  abdomen  in  the  male  prolonged  in  a  conical  point. 
,1  1  caudata  /'((//. 

Last  segment  of  tlie  abdomen  in  the  male  not  prolonged  in  a  conical 
point.  2  bievicauda  Lonv. 


ni 


m 


1.  I>.  caudata  Fall.  %  and  9- — Nigricans,  segmento  abdominall 
pcnultimo  in  mare  sctis  decern  elongatib  armato  segmeutot^ue  ultimo  in 
conum  producto. 

Blackish,  the  penultimate  segment  of  the  male  abdomen  with  ten  long 
bristles,  the  last  segment  conically  prolonged.  Long.  corp.  0.17.  L.  .ig. 
aL  0.17. 

This  well  known  species  is  distinguished  from  the  following  by 
its  somewhat  larger  size,  the  greater  ni'.mbor  and  the  length  of  the 
bristles  on  the  posterior  border  of  the  penultimate  segment  of  the 
male  abdomen,  the  conical  prolongation  of  its  last  segment,  and  the 
much  greater  length  of  the  two  stout  bristles  inserted  on  the  tip 
of  this  prolongation. 

Hub.  Middle  States.     (Osten- Sacken.) 

Note. — A  detailed  description  of  this  species  is  to  bo  found  in  Meigen, 
Zweifl.  VI,  p.  62.— 0.  S. 

2.  D. 'brevica^ilr  Loew.  %. — Nigricans,  segmento  abdominali  pe- 
nultimo  i*  mare  setis  sex  elongatis  armato  segmentoque  ultimo  breviter 
aouminato. 

Blackish,  the  penultimate  segment  of  the  male  abdomen  with  six  long  bris- 
tles on  the  posterior  border,  the  last  segment  but  little  pointed.  Long, 
corp.  0.16.     Long.  al.  O.KJ. 

The  differences  pointed  out  in  the  description  of  the  foregoing 
species  will  be  sufficient  to  distinguish  this.     The  greater  part  of 


mo 


y: 


■rti- 


sia^ 


•m> 


U:: 


184 


DIITERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


the  tfirsi  is  dull  red,  as  in  Dich,  caudata,  but  generally  somewhat 
paler. 
Jliib.  Middle  States.     (Osten-Sacken.) 

Nolc, — This  Hpeoies  has  been  described  for  the  first  time  by  Mr.  Loew  in 
1860  in  liis  paper:  Die  Europwischai  Ephydrinidtn  (in  Loew'a  Xcuc  Dil- 
iraiije,  VII,  p.  5).— 0.  S. 


\-  K 


If 


^■M 


h 

■  -.]!!.'■■ 

Mr 
ii-, 


'% 


■  ■  •',1  ■,. 


'{■■■     V 


Gen.  II.  IVOTIPIIILA  Fall. 

The  characters  of  this  genus  result  from  what  has  been  said 
about  Diclucta.  Tiiose  which  distinguish  it  most  easily  from  the 
following  genera  are  the  intermediate  tibia)  being  provided  on  the 
upper  side  with  single  long  bristles,  and  the  thickened  costal  vein 
terminating  at  the  tip  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein. 

AVe  need  scaj^'iely  mention  that  but  few  of  the  species  dcscril)ed 
by  the  older  authors  as  NotlpkUce,  belong  to  it,  in  the  restricted 
sense  necessary  here.  Taken  in  this  sense,  about  sixteen  Eurojjcan 
species  have  to  bo  referred  to  it,  some  of  which,  however,  are  not 
yet  duly  established.  In  North  America  it  seems  to  be  repre- 
sented by  numerous  species  which,  compared  to  those  of  Europe, 
show  nothing  heterogeneous  in  their  organization.  The  same 
observation  may  be  made  with  regard  to  the  South  African  spe- 
cies which  occur  on  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 


4 


Si/nopsis  of  the  Siiecits. 
Palpi  blackish.  1  scalaris,  n.  sp. 

Palpi  yellowish.  2 

AntennjB  quite  black.  2  bella,  n.  sp. 

Third  joint  of  the  antennae  red  at  the  base.  3 

Upper  side  of  the  thorax  with  a  broad  brown  lateral  stripe. 

3  vittata,  n.  sp. 
Upper  side  of  the  thorax  without  broad  brown  lateral  stripe.  4 

Abdomen  with  irregular  brownish-black  semifascise,  each  formed  of 

two  spots.  4  carinata,  n.  sp. 

Abdomen  with  two  brown  spots  ou  each  of  the  intermediate  segments. 

5  unicolor,  n.  sp. 


1.  ]V.  scalaris  Loew.  %  and  J . — Obscure  cinerea,  facie  angusta 
fulvosceute,  antennis  palpisque  nigris,  abdomine  fasciis  nigris,  lineä 
longitudinali  cinerea  interruptis  picto,  pedibus  nigris,  genibus  tar.sisquo 
posticis  testaceis,  tarsis  anticis  testaceo-annulatis. 

Dark  ashy-gray,  the  small  face  yellow,  antennje  and  palpi  blackish  ;  ab- 
domen with  two  transverse  fascia?,  interrupted  by  a  gray  middle  line ; 


NOTirniLA. 


185 


legs  Mackisli,  knees  ami  liind  tarsi  yoUowish,  anterior  tarsi  aunulated 
with  yellowirfli.     Long.  corp.  0.13.     Long.  nl.  0.1 15. 

Very  much  rcsonibliiij;  Nuliph.  nliyinusa  Hul.  (which  Is  identical 
with  Nofi'pfi.  tarsdta  Stctili.),  but  its  narrower  face  (listinj?iiishcs 
it  from  that  niul  nil  the  related  Kuropeiiu  species.  Palpi  Itlnckish. 
Antemuc  entirely  black ;  front  with  yellowish-brown  on  black 
ground.  The  same  is  the  case  with  the  upjter  side  of  the  thorax, 
which  has  no  broad  longitudinal  stripes,  but  only  u  faint  trace,  often 
indistinct,  of  live  fine,  brown  longitudinal  lines.  The  scutellum  Is 
colored  as  the  upper  side  of  the  thorax,  but  generally  with  a  rather 
lighter  gray  border  and  lonjritudinal  line.  Abdomen  gray,  with 
brotid  brownish-black  fasciic  occupying  more  than  the  anterior  half 
of  each  segment,  and  being  interrupted  by  a  gray  middle  stripe ;  tho 
last  segment  In  the  male  Is  almost  entirely  black,  and  has  a  gray 
middle  stripe  on  its  anterior  half.  Femora  and  tibiie  black ;  the 
knees  and  the  extreme  tips  of  the  tibiio  brownish-yellow ;  the  fore 
tarsi  black,  having  the  Innermost  base  of  each  joint  yellowish  ; 
the  posterior  tarsi  yellowish,  with  the  tip  brownish.  Wings  pel- 
lucid brownish-gray,  with  brown  veins  ;  the  second  segment  of  the 
costal  vein  being  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  third. 

Ilab.  Middle  States.    (Osten-Saeken.) 


*2,  ]\'.  liella  LoEw.  %  and  9  • — Cinerea,  antennis  totis  nigris,  palpia 
flavis,  vittil  thoracis  ntrin(]uo  laterali,  pleurarum  supuriore,  scutellitiue 
margino  laterali  brunneis. 

Ashy-gray  ;  antennre  entirely  blackish,  palpi  yellow  ;  a  longitudinal  stripe 
on  each  side  of  the  upper  side  of  the  thorax,  a  longitudinal  stripe  ou 
the  pleurre,  and  the  lateral  edge  of  the  scutellum,  brown.  Long.  corp. 
0.14.     Long,  ah  0.17. 

Face  yellowish.  Eye-rings  rather  broad.  Cheeks  descending 
considoral)ly  beneath  the  eyes.  Antenna?  entirely  blackish.  Front 
gray,  viewed  sideways  rather  whitish  ;  the  divided  black  middle 
stripe  is  more  or  less  covered  with  thick  light-gray  dust,  which  Is 
sometimes  of  a  yellowish  tinge,  sometimes  more  light-gray ;  near  the 
lateral  border  [^ofthe  thorax ^ — 0.  »S.]  there  is  a  broad,  well-defined, 
dark-brown  longitudinal  stripe.  Such  a  strii)e  runs  on  the  upper 
part  of  the  pleuraj  from  the  shoulder  to  near  the  base  of  the  wing. 
The  brown  color  of  the  lateral  border  of  the  scutellum  continues  ou 
the  posterior  border  of  the  thorax  as  a  short  beginning  of  a  stripe. 
Abdomen  with  four  rows  of  long,  triangular,  blackish-brown  spots, 


■».«■..vi,.-. 

•.■j>;.'P»,; 


^^i- 


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ill 

.   **.  i  '.  ■ 


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■  '■■',•■-  .'.   h 


i 


136 


mi'TERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


■)•■•' 


.  ■.  •;  'ju 


■"■■  M 


the  interior  of  wliich  arc  a  little  longer  tliiit  tlic  exterior  ones. 
Coxiu  and  femora  black,  covered  with  lij;ht-gray  hoar;  the  tips 
of  the  latter  brownish-yellow.  Til)iiu  and  tarsi  rather  i)ale  lirown- 
ish-yellow,  the  hind  til)iii!  with  a  l»r()ad,  the  niiddhi  and  fore  til)iic 
with  a  narrow  blackish-i)r()wn  ring,  which  is  sometimes  wanting; 
the  last  juint  of  the  tarsi  brownish.  In  the  male,  the  middle 
femora,  on  the  ander  sitle,  arc  besot  with  short,  but  very  thick, 
black  huir,  the  middle  tibiic  on  the  nnder  side  fringed  with  very 
close,  short,  black  jaibescence.  Wings  grayish,  proportionally 
long  and  narrow;  veins  brown;  the  second  segment  of  the  costa 
nearly  thrice  us  long  as  the  third. 

J/ub.  Middle  Slates,    (Osten-Sacken.) 

3.  ^'.  vitfalil  LoKw.  9- — I'^asca,  facio  laeto  ochrncoil,  antennanim 
articiili  tertii  basi  sonlido  rut'il ;  tlioracMS  vittfi  lateral!,  iilcuraiuni  snpe- 
rioic  scutelliiiuo  iiiargino  latcrali  obscuru  bruunuis,  abdoiiiiuo  iiiacularum 
nigrarum  seriebus  (juatuor  pirto,  femoribus  iiigris,  tibiis  late  iiigro-aunu- 

latis. 

Brown  ;  faco  bright  ocliracoouH,  third  joint  of  tho  antenn;o  dull  red  at  the 
base  ;  a  longitudinal  stripe  on  each  sidt;  of  the  upper  side  of  tlu*  thorax, 
a  longitudinal  stripe  on  the  pleura)  and  the  lateral  border  of  the  scutel- 
luni  dark-brown  ;  abdomen  with  tour  rows  of  black  spots  ;  femora  black, 
tibia;  with  a  broad  black  ring.     Long.  corp.  (Mü.     Long.  al.  O.IS. 

Tho  most  robust  among  the  known  \orth  American  siiccics. 
Fnceofmidd/  breadth,  rather  bright  yellow.  Palpi  yellow.  An- 
tennae black,  tiiird  joint  at  its  base  dull  red  for  a  considerable  dis- 
tance. Front,  thorax,  and  scutelluui  dusted  with  brown.  Tho 
upper  side  of  the  thorax  has  on  each  side,  near  the  lateral  border, 
a  broad,  well-defined,  dark-)irown  stripe,  and,  moreover,  on  its 
middle,  some  much  less  distinct  brown  longitudinal  lines.  Pleura) 
grayer  than  tho  ujtper  side  of  the  thorax,  above  with  a  broad, 
dark-brown,  longitudinal  stripe,  running  from  the  shoulder  to  tho 
base  of  the  vving,  and  another  incomplete  brown  longitudinal  stripe 
immediately  above  the  longitudinal  suture.  Lateral  border  of  the 
scutellnm  blackish-brown.  TJi)pcr  side  of  the  abdomen  dusted 
with  gray  and  having  four  rows  of  black  spots,  those  of  the  two 
interior  rows  being  longer  and  more  triangular,  those  of  tho  exte- 
rior rather  shorter  and  more  trapezoidal.  Femora  black;  tibioe 
and  tarsi  yellor/ish,  the  former  with  a  broad  brownish-black  fascia, 
which,  on  the  anterior  tibia?,  leaves  only  the  base  and  tip  free  ;  the 
tarsi,  on  account  of  their  hair,  appear  darker  than  they  really  are. 


.■&■ 


••■  >■ 


NOTIPIIILA. 


137 


r'*^ 


Wings  (listinetly  tiiit,a'(l  with  brown;   vjiiis  hrown  ;  tlie  second 
segment  of  tlu(  costal  vein  Kcarcely  twice  ns  lung  as  tlic  Ihiril. 
Hub.  Middl)  States.    (Oslen-Sackcn.) 


4«  "%•  cni'ilinta  Lokw.  9. — Cinerea,  fdcio  mipuHtil  coiicolorc,  anli'iin.i- 
nim  iiitiiuli  tcitii  bnsl  rufil,  tliornci:*  dorso  Hcutullo<|uo  brumn'is,  «lnlo- 
miiic  t'jisfiis  interniptis  nitrro-lpniimcis,  jiostii'i;  t'liiarginiitiH,  [»icto,  ]i('ilil)us 
iiifiris,  tiliii.s  tarsisiiuo  iKwlcrioribus  tiistiicoirt,  tihiis  iioiticis  iiii,'i()-imnu- 
lati^. 

AHliy-Rrny,  tlio  ii.inow  face  nsliy-pray  ;  baHo  of  th<>  tbinl  joint  of  tlin  an- 
ttMUKo  It'll ;  iiii[)t!r  sill«  of  tho  tliorax  and  scuttilluni  brown ;  abibmien 
with  intcniiiitcil  bbaitkish-brown  fnsci.'c,  wliioli  aru  ('niarginatt'd  jioste- 
riorly  ;  b'gn  black,  iniiMlo  und  postuiior  tibim  and  tarsi  brownish-yuilow  ; 
hind  tibiic  with  a  black  ring.    Long.  corp.  0.13.     Long.  al.  0.10. 

Face  gray,  rather  narrow,  indeed  remarkably  narrower  and  with 
a  more  extended  and  sharper  keel  on  its  upper  part  than  in  tho 
similar  European  species  Nutlph,  annnlipes  Stenh.  and  Nutiph. 
dorsuta  Stenh.  Palpi  yellow,  ritennu;  black  ;  the  third  joint  with 
the  basal  half  yellowish-red.  Front,  u))pcr  side  of  the  lhora.\',  and 
scutellum,  grayish-brown,  or  even  almost  brownish-yellow;  u|)i)er 
side  of  the  thorax  without  lines  or  stripes,  rieiira)  ashy-gray, 
brownish  above.  Abdomen  on  the  basal  half  of  each  segment  with 
two  blackish-brown  semifusciic,  emarginated  i)osteriorly,  which  on 
the  last  segment  dissolve  themgelves  more  or  less  into  tho  two 
spots  composing  them.  Anterior  legs  entirely  black,  only  tho 
knees  and  the  extreme  tips  of  the  tibiio  being  brownish-yellow. 
Middle  and  posterior  tibioe  and  tarsi  brownish-yellow;  hind  tibia) 
with  a  brownish-black  band;  tips  of  the  tarsi  brownish.  "Wings 
of  a  rather  dull  gray,  veins  brown  ;  the  second  segment  of  the 
costal  vein  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  third. 

Hub.  Middle  States.    (Osten-Sucken.) 

5.  IV.  linicolor  Loew.  % . — Flavo-cinerea,  facio  laetius  flavS,,  abdo- 
minis segnientis  duobus  intermediis  bruuueo-biiuaculatis,  lemoribu3 
nigris,  genibus,  tibiis  tar.si.s4u0  llavo-testacuis,auticis  fuscaiiis. 

Yellowi.sh-gray,  face  of  a  brighter  yellow  ;  the  two  middle  segments  of  the 
abdomen  each  witli  two  brown  spots  ;  femora  black,  knues,  tibiio  and 
tarsi  brownish-yellow;  the  fore  ones  moie  brownbsh.  Long.  corp.  U.13. 
Long.  al.  O.IG. 

Entirely  yellowish-gray.  Face  bright  yellow,  rather  broad  ; 
cheeks  descending  beneath  the  eyes  a  little  more  than  usual.  Palpi 
dark  yellow.     Third  joint  of  the  antenna)  with  the  basal  half  red- 


■■•y. '.'...■ 


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J.,  . 


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lir-'-^i 


138 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


dish-yellow.  Thorax  without  lines  or  stripes.  Abdomen  very 
nnicolorons,  having  only  on  each  of  the  two  middle  segments  two 
triangular  brown  spots  of  middle  size  ;  of  the  two  exterior  »"ows  of 
spots,  which  generally  occur  on  the  abdomens  of  the  Notiphilcc, 
nothing  is  to  be  seen  here.  Femora  black,  appearing  gray  in 
consequence  of  their  being  dusted,  with  ycllo'vish  tips.  Tibia)  and 
tarsi  brownish-yellow ;  fore  tibiie  towards  their  tips  and  fore 
tarsi  brownish  on  their  whole  extent ;  the  posterior  tarsi  only 
with  their  last  joint  brown.  The  short  hair,  resembling  fringes, 
on  the  under  side  of  the  middle  femora  and  tibio3  is  rather  thin. 
AVings  rather  sandy-yellowish,  particularly  at  the  base,  the  second 
segment  of  the  costal  vein  is  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as 
the  third.  This  species  resembles  most  the  European  Noliph. 
(juttiventris  Stenh.,  but  is  easily  distinguished  from  it  by  its  smaller 
size  and  more  yellow  color,  by  the  cheeks  descending  deeper  be- 
neath the  eyes  and  by  the  much  less  spotted  abdomen. 


I' 4 

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Gen.  III.     PARALI9IIVA  Loew. 

The  characters  of  this  genus,  of  which  I  hitherto  only  know  South 
African  and  North  American  species,  are  the  following.  Structure, 
colouring,  and  markings  as  in  Notiphila.  Eyes  much  rounded  ; 
front  and  face  very  broad,  the  latter  slightly  convex ;  eye-rings 
broad  ;  cheeks  descending  very  deeply  beneath  the  eyes  ;  clypeus 
prominent ;  palpi  narrow ;  terminal  bristle  of  the  second  joint  of 
the  antenna;  very  small  and  hardly  visible  ;  the  third  joint  of 
the  antenna)  very  distinctly  hairy  on  its  upper  side  and  tip  ;  the 
antennal  bristle  with  long  rays.  Structure  of  the  thorax,  scutel- 
lum,  and  abdomen  as  in  NotipMla.  Middle  tibia;  on  their  upper 
side  with  three  long  bristles,  the  first  being  very  near  the  base,  the 
aocond  immediately  before  the  middle,  and  the  third  not  far  from 
the  end.  Wings  as  in  Notipldla,  only  with  the  exception  of  the 
thickened  costal  vein  being  extended  to  the  tip  of  the  fourth  lon- 
gitudinal vein. 

1.  P.  appj'K'icillata  Loew.  %  and  J. — Brannea,  fronte,  tliorace 
suutelloiiuo  obscurius  punctatis  ;  facie  fasciisiiue  interruptis  abdominis 
nigri  canis ;  palpis,  antennis  pedibusqne  nigris,  tarsorum  anticorum 
posticorumque  basi  rufä ;  alls  cinereis,  venis  transversis  et  venulA,  ap- 
pendices e  penultimo  venre  quaitte  segraento  ascendeute  nigro-limbatiä. 

Brown,  front,  thorax  and  scutellum  with  darker  dots ;  the  face  and  the 
interrupted  fascia;  of  the  black  abdomen  are  grayisU-white ;  palpi,  an- 


•;>'  .' 


PARALIMNA. 


139 


tennfe,  and  tarsi  black,  the  fore  and  hind  tarsi  red  at  tho  base ;  wings 
gray,  tho  transverse  veins  and  an  additional  veinlet  being  placed  on 
the  anterior  side  of  the  penultimate  segment  of  the  fourth  longitudinal 
vein,  are  bordered  with  black.  Long.  corp.  0.1(3 — 0.18.  Long.  al.  0.10 
—0.18. 

Face  dusted  with  grayish  white,  usually  with  some  more  brown- 
ish spots,  sometimes  with  a  more  yellowish-gray  tinge  ;  it  is  slightly 
convex,  but  not  even,  eye-rings  broad  ;  viewed  laterally,  they  show 
at  their  upper  end  two  black  spots,  united  by  a  white  transverse 
line,  which  disappear  when  viewed  in  other  directions.  The  very 
projecting  clypeus  is  of  the  same  color  as  the  face.  Proboscis 
thick  and  black  ;  palpi  narrow,  rather  long  and  black.  Antenme 
black,  the  third  joint  in  certain  directions  with  a  whitish-gray 
reflection;  the  hair  on  the  upper  side  and  the  tip  remarkably  long. 
Front  brown,  anteriorly  with  some  small  dots,  further  back  with 
some  nearly  black  spots.  Thorax  and  scutellura  brownish,  with 
numerous  close,  small,  dark-brown  dots  ;  pleura)  also  dotted.  Ab- 
domen brownish-black,  rather  opaque,  on  the  posterior  border  of 
each  segment  with  a  whiiish-gray,  very  opaque  fascia,  a  little 
widened  on  its  middle,  and  intersected  by  a  brownish-black 
middle  stripe.  The  two  hn^  es  of  the  gray  fascia  of  the  second 
segment  are  sometimes  coiineetcd  on  their  posterior  margins;  the 
fifth  abdominal  segment  of  tho  male  is  a  little  longer  tiian  the 
preceding.  Legs  entirely  black,  the  fifth  joint  of  the  fore  and 
hind  tarsi  clothed  with  shining  felt  of  a  bright  reddish-yellow ; 
the  first  joint  of  the  fore  tarsi  at  its  base,  and  the  first  joint  of 
the  hind  tarsi  almost  to  its  ti^),  are  usually  red  ;  paler  specimens 
have  also  the  first  joint  of  the  middle  tarsi  red  ;  in  darker  ones 
the  first  joint  of  the  anterior  tarsi  is  entirely  black.  AVings  gray, 
veins  brown  ;  the  second  half  of  the  costal  vein,  the  end  of  the 
third  longitudinal  vein,  and  nearly  the  whole  fourth  and  fifth  lon- 
gitudinal veins,  nitlier  black  ;  the  transverse  veins  and  a  small 
stump,  emitted  by  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  about  the  middle  of 
its  penultimate  segment,  black  and  narrowly  bordered  with  black  ; 
the  second  segment  of  the  costal  vein  more  than  twice  as  long  as 
the  third. 

Huh.  Middle  States.    (Ostcn-Sacken.)     Georgia. 


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r*r^B! 


140 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTn  AMERICA. 


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.    Gen.  IV.     DISCOJNfYZA  Meig, 

The  characters  of  this  genus  are  as  follows.  Head  more  or  less 
orbicular,  with  very  sharp  borders  of  the  vertex  ;  second  joint  of 
the  antenna;  ungiiiculated,  the  third  oblong,  with  long  pectinations 
of  the  terminal  bristle.  Face  not  keeled,  rather  convex,  receding 
again  towards  the  edge  of  the  month,  uneven,  on  the  sides  with 
coarse  warts  and  wrinkled.  Clypcus  entirely  concealed.  Abdo- 
men flat,  broad,  on  account  of  the  shortening  of  the  first  segment 
apparently  consisting  of  four  rather  eipially  broad  segments. 
Wings  proportionately  broad,  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins 
parallel  at  their  ends. 

There  were  only  two  species  hitherto  known;  the  following 
North  American  species  deviates  a  little  by  its  head  not  being  so 
strikingly  orbicular,  and  by  its  abdomen  not  being  so  broad,  but 
more  flattened. 

1.  I>.  balioptera  Lokw.  '^ .— Is'igra,  thorace  punctiilato,  anteniiis 
geniliusiiue  nilis,  tarsi.s  postfiioiibus  flavescentibiis,  alis  fnsco-niaculatiri. 

Black,  with  dotted  thorax;  aiitomiiB  and  kiieos  yellowish-red,  middle  and 
posterior  tarsi  yellowish  ;  wings  dotted  with  brownish-black.  Long.  corp. 
0.15.     Long.  al.  0.14. 

Head  shining  black,  really  not  so  orbicular  as  in  Discom.  in- 
cvrva,  but  the  vertical  border  likewise  very  shar}).  Front  ante- 
riorly with  two  rather  flat  depressions,  placed  near  each  other;  the 
more  shining  lateral  border  of  the  front  rather  wrinkled.  Antctina} 
yellowish-red,  the  upper  border  of  the  second  and  third  joints 
a  little  darker ;  tiio  antennal  bristle  with  long  pectinations.  The 
middle  of  the  face  narrow  and  rather  transversely  wrinkled  ;  its 
lateral  parts  with  coarse  warty  wrinkles;  the  eyes  surrounded 
with  a  line  white  line.  The  upper  side  of  the  thorax  and  scutel- 
luai  appear  to  be  dusted  with  white,  but  have  a  rather  indistinct, 
exceedingly  fine  and  close  punctuation,  leaving  only  small  traces 
of  the  white  dust.  On  the  i)leura3,  where  the  i)unctuation  is  more 
distinct  and  much  coarser,  the  whitish  dust  is  more  visible.  Abdo- 
men black,  rather  shining,  exceedingly  flat,  narrower  than  in  Dis- 
com. liicvrva,  the  cause  of  which  may  be  that  the  up))er  horny 
plates  of  the  abdomen  are  turned  down  to  an  unusual  extent;  the 
last  segment  of  the  abdomen  rather  smaller  than  the  preceding 


m^ 


!^ 


PSILOPA. 


141 


ones.  Legs  black,  knees  yellowish-red;  middle  band  of  the  posterior 
tarsi  pale  yellowish,  having  the' last  joint  rather  blackened.  Poi- 
sers  whitish  with  darker  petiole.  Wings  short  and  broad,  clouded 
with  grayish  ;  the  small  transverse  vein  is  below  the  tip  of  the  first 
longitudinal  vein  ;  the  posterior  transverse  vein  rather  distant  from 
the  margin  of  the  wing  and  rather  obliqne ;  the  two  last  segments 
of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  of  equal  length ;  the  second  seg- 
ment of  the  costal  vein  less  than  twice  as  long  as  the  third ;  the 
transverse  veins  with  broad  brownish-black  borders  ;  a  spot  of  the 
same  color  lies  between  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  a 
little  before  the  posterior  transverse  vein  ;  a  larger  spot  of  the 
same  color  lies  before  it  on  the  costal  margin,  reaching  to  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  and  being  connected  with  an  equally  large, 
blackish-brown  spot  on  the  apex  of  the  wing,  which  almost  attains 
the  fourth  longitudinal  vein. 
JJab.   Cuba.     (Poey.) 

Gen.  V.     PSItOlM  Fall. 

The  characters  of  the  genus  Psilopa  are  as  follows.  Second 
joint  of  the  antenna;  with  a  stout  spine  ;  third  oblong,  the  bristle 
with  long  pectinations.  Face  on  its  upper  part  without  any  keel, 
slighlly  convex  everywhere,  not  wrinkled  on  its  sides,  receding  to- 
wards the  opening  of  the  mouth.  Clypeus  eilhor  quite  concealed 
or  scarcely  projecting  beyond  the  oral  margin,  ^liddle  til)iic  with- 
out long  bristles  on  their  upper  side.  The  costal  vein  thickened 
and  attaining  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein. 

This  "noia  is  represented  in  Europe  by  about  twelve  species 
known  w  ah  more  or  less  certainty.  Its  representatives  in  North 
America  seem  to  be  more  numerous;  a  number  of  them  are  distin- 
guished from  the  European  ones  by  a  more  robust  structure  and  a 
more  strikingly  dusted  appearance,  and  by  their  faces  l)eing  not 
exactly  smooth  and  their  cheeks  descending  a  little  deeper  beneath 
the  eyes  ;  but  neither  the  number  of  the  species  of  this  group 
hitherto  known  is  large  enougii,  nor  are  the  characters  such  as  to 
render  a  generic  separation  necessary.  On  the  contrary,  it  will  be 
sudicicnt  for  th«  present,  to  put  these  species  together  as  a  sub- 
divifeit«  of  the  genus  Psilopa. 


■■•'.'£"•■■ 

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142 


DIPTERA  OP  NORTH  AMERICA, 


IS  "■*' 


Synopsis  of  the  Species. 

Division  1. — Middle  of  the  face  slightly  convex  without  any  elevation  on  it. 

-  (  Thorax  finely  aciculate.  1  aciculata  nov.  sp. 

I  Thorax  polished.  2 

{Posterior  part  of  the  thorax  and  scutellum  bronze-colored. 
2  acoriacea  nov.  sp. 
The  whole  body  pure  black.  3  atra  nov.  sp. 

Division  2. — Middle  of  the  face  slightly  convex  with  some  flat  longitudi- 
nal impressions. 

,  /  Abdomen  black.  4  umbrosa  nov.  sp. 

(  Abdomen  steel-colored.  5  caeruleiventris  nov.  sp. 

1»  P.  aciculata  Loew.  9. — Tliorace  scutelloque  nigris,  transverse 
subtiliter  aciciilatis,  capite  abdomineque  aut  ex  cupreo  aut  ex  viridi 
teuescentibus,  antennis  flavis,  pedibus  nigris,  tibiarum  apice  tarsisque 
flavescentibus,  basi  alarum  sublutesoentium  nigra. 

Thorax  and  scutellum  black,  transversely  with  fine  scratches  ;  head  and 
abdomen  either  coppery  or  greenish  brassy ;  antennae  yellow ;  legs  black, 
tipB  of  the  tibiie  and  tarsi  yellowish  ;  the  rather  yellowish  wings  with 
the  base  black.     Long.  corp.  0,09.     Long.  al.  0.1. 

Antenna?  entirely  reddish-yellow.  Front  and  face  shining, 
either  dull  coppery  or  even  almost  metallic  black,  or  metallic 
green.  The  thorax  and  the  proportionately  large  scutellum  black, 
hardly  brassy,  everywhere  covered  with  close  and  exceedingly 
fine  scratches.  Abdomen  polished,  shining,  the  color  varying  in 
the  same  way  as  that  of  the  face.  Legs  shining  black,  knees  in- 
distinctly yellowish-brown  ;  tips  of  all  the  tibia)  yellowish  as  well 
as  ail  the  tarsi ;  last  joint  of  the  tarsi  blackish  at  its  tip  only. 
Poisers  brownish-l)lack.  Wings  rather  clay-colored,  blackish  at 
the  base  ;  this  blackening  of  the  costal  margin  reaches  a  little  be- 
yond the  middle  of  the  first  segment,  on  the  disk  of  the  wing  only 
as  far  as  the  basal  transverse  veins ;  towards  the  posterior  margin 
it  extends  in  such  a  way,  as  to  occupy  half  of  the  corner  of  the 
wing  lying  behind  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein,  but  it  becomes  at  the 
same  time  very  pale. 

Bab.  Cuba.     (Poey,) 

2.  P.  scoriacea  Loew.  9- — Atra,  nitida,  colore  in  posteriore  tho- 
racis parte  scoriaceo,  in  scutello  obscure  .rneo,  proboscide  pedibusque 
nigris,  tarsis  posticis  fuscis,  alis  cinereo-hyalinis. 

Black,  shining ;  the  posterior  part  of  the  thorax  scoriaceous ;  scutellum 


lip  ■ 

'X 

''hs  '^ 

,    •  ■  % 

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.ypi,;'- 

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^^  > 

■'S:' 

PSILOPA. 


143 


dull  brassy ;  proboscis  and  legs  black,  hind  tarsi  brown ;  wings  grayish- 
glassy.     Long.  corp.  0.1.     Long.  al.  0.13. 

Shining  black.  Head  proportionately  broad,  shining  black  ; 
above  the  antenna)  with  a  small,  dilated  spot  dusted  with  whitish. 
Face  broad,  shining  black,  viewed  laterally,  more  brownish-black; 
viewed  from  above  it  appears  as  if  dusted  with  white.  Anten- 
nae deep  black  ;  antennal  bristle  with  long  pectinations.  Probos- 
cis and  palpi  jjcrfectly  black.  Thorax  shining  black,  scoriaceous 
posteriorly;  immediately  before  and  on  the  flatscutellum  the  color 
is  more  of  a  dull  brassy  green.  Abdomen  shining  black,  slightly 
dusted.  liCgs  black;  the  posterior  tarsi  appear  rather  dark  brown 
to  the  naked  eye,  viewed  through  a  lens  their  color  is  almost  dull 
whitish,  the  dark  appearance  being  caused  by  the  black  hair. 
Poiscrs  white.  Wings  grayish  glassy;  the  second  segment  of  the 
costal  vein  is  not  half  as  long  again  as  the  third. 

Huh.  Xew  York.     (Schaum.) 

3.  P.  atra  Loew.  %  . — Atra,  nitida,  proboscide  halterumque  capitulo 
albidis,  basi  tarsorum  posticorum  rufä,,  alis  hyalinis. 

Shining  black,  proboscis  and  knob  of  the  halteres  whitish ;  base  of  the 
posterior  tarsi  red  ;  wings  glassy.     Long.  corp.  Ü.12.     Long.  al.  0.16. 

Shining  black;  head  broad,  front  shining  black;  the  small 
white-du.<tod  s})ot  above  the  antennae  and  the  whitish,  exceedingly 
fine  dust  of  the  broad,  shining  black  face  are  scarcely  perceptible. 
Proboscis  yellowish-white.  The  palpi  seem  to  be  black.  Antennae 
black  ;  the  bristle  with  very  long  pectinations.  Abdomen  shining, 
scarcely  with  a  trace  of  dust,  rather  narrow  and  flat,  apjiarently 
consisting  of  four  segments,  the  first  being  very  much  shortened ; 
even  the  sixth,  however,  is  perceptible.  Legs  black  ;  middle  and 
hind  tarsi  red  at  the  base.  Halteres  with  blackish  petiole  and 
white  knob.  Wings  glassy,  slightly  grayish  ;  the  second  segment 
of  the  costal  vein  not  quite  half  as  long  again  as  the  third. 

Ildh.  Middle  States.     (Osten- Sacken.) 

4.  P.  llRllirosa  Lokw.  9-  —  Nigra,  fronte,  thoracis  dorso  et  sciitello 
poUine  brunueo-cinereo  tectis,  facie  griseo-poUiuosa,  antennis  tarsorum- 
que  basi  ex  rufo  flavis,  alis  adversus  marginem  anteriorem  nigrioantibus, 
halterum  capitulo  albo. 

Black;  front,  iipper  side  of  the  thorax  and  scutellum  dusted  with  ashy- 
gray  with  a  fuscous  tinge,  face  dusted  with  whitish-gray ;  antennae  and 


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m 


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■.■'■;■:!;•> 


%■>. 


144 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


bases  of  all  the  tarsi  reddish-yellow  ;  wings  blackened  towards  the  costa  j 
knob  of  the  poisers  white.     Long.  corp.  0.13.     Long.  al.  0.14. 

Black ;  front,  thorax  and  scutellura  thickly  dusted  with  ashy- 
gray  with  a  fuscous  tinge.  Antenna;  reddish-yellow ;  the  bristle 
with  scattered  pectinations.  Face  thickly  dusted  with  whitish- 
gray,  rather  of  uniform  breadth,  with  more  numerous  bristles  on 
the  sides  than  in  most  other  Psilopce,  generally  slightly  convex, 
with  the  lower  i)art  a  little  projecting,  but  towards  the  border  of 
the  mouth  again  remarkably  receding,  rendering  thus  the  opening 
of  the  mouth  smaller  than  is  usual  in  this  genus.  Proboscis  and 
tarsi  blackish.  Pleura2  brownish-black,  shining.  Abdomen  shin- 
ing black  with  very  little  visible  dust.  Legs  shining  black  ;  tarsi 
reddish-yellow,  the  three  last  joints  of  the  foremost,  and  only  the 
two  last  of  the  hindmost  ones  being  black.  I'oisers  with  brown  pe- 
tioles and  white  knob.  Wings  clouded  with  grayish-black,  becom- 
ing gradually  black  towards  the  costa ;  the  posterior  transverse  vein 
scarcely  perceptibly  margined  with  blackish;  the  second  segment  of 
the  costal  vein  more  than  half  as  long  again  as  the  third. 

Hub.  Cuba.     (Poey.) 

5,  P.  caerilleiventris  Loew.  9.  —  Capite  thoraceque  cinereis 
opacis,  abdoiuine  chalybeo  nitido,  antennis  palpisque  llavis,  pedibus 
nigris,  tarsis  posterioribus  rufis,  alis  hyaliuis  vittA.  latissima  atia,  mar- 
gini  antico  contigutl,  pictis. 

Head  and  tliorax  opaque  ashy-gray,  abdomen  shining  steel-blue  ;  antenna» 
and  palpi  yellow ;  legs  black,  posterior  tarsi  red ;  wings  hyaline,  with  an 
exceedingly  broad,  deep  black  longitudinal  stripe  ou  the  costa.  Long. 
Corp.  0.15.     Long.  al.  0.1  (J. 

Front  ashy-gray.  Antennas  reddish-yellow.  Face  whitish-gray, 
slightly  convex,  with  rather  slender  small  bristles  on  the  sides; 
oral  cavity  small;  clypcus  projecting  a  little  beyond  the  border  of 
the  oral  margin,  I'alpi  pale  yellowish,  a  little  broader  than  usual. 
Upper  side  of  the  thorax  ashy-gray  without  any  gloss.  Pleurae 
thinly  dusted  with  grayish,  and  consequently  blacker  and  rather 
glossy.  Scutellum  dusted  with  brown,  shining  black  at  the  tip. 
Abdomen  shining  steel-blue  ;  the  first  segment  but  little  shortened, 
the  second  as  long  as  the  first,  the  three  following  longer;  even 
the  narrow  sixth  segment  is  distinctly  visible.  Legs  black,  the 
foremost  with  dark  brown  knees ;  middle  and  hind  tarsi  yel- 
lowish-red with   blackish-brown   tip ;    the   fore  tarsi   have   only 


►  i     r. 


DISCOCERINA. 


145 


the  base  brownish-red.  At  the  costal  margin  of  the  wing  there  is 
a  broad,  deep-black  band,  running  from  the  base  to  the  tip  of  the 
third  longitudinal  vein  ;  its  posterior  limit  runs  from  the  base  of 
the  wing  along  the  middle  of  the  discoidal  cell  to  nearly  the  pos- 
terior transverse  vein,  recedes  from  it  suddenly  almost  to  the  third 
longitudinal  vein,  follows  this  vein  first  at  a  little,  then  gradually 
at  a  greater  distance,  and  lastly  turns  to  its  tip ;  the  posterior 
part  of  the  wing  is  rather  dull  glassy,  and  almost  grayish  at  the 
axillary  angle ;  the  veins  in  the  latter  are  brownish,  those  in  the 
blackish  parts  of  the  wing  black.  The  place  of  this  species  in  the 
system  is  very  deceptive ;  for  at  a  superficial  view  the  thickened 
costal  vein  seems  to  reach  only  the  third  longitudinal  vein  ;  but 
this  deception  arises  from  its  color  being  black  as  far  as  the  third 
longitudinal  vein,  and  very  pale  between  this  and  the  fourth. 
Hah.  Cuba.     (Poey.) 

Gen.  VI.     DISCOCERIi^A  Macq. 

The  second  joint  oi"  the  antennaj  has  a  distinct  spine,  the  third 
is  rounded  ;  the  bristle  pectinated.  The  face  on  its  upper  part  is 
distinctly  keeled,  in  the  middle  more  or  less  inflated,  receding 
again  towards  the  border  of  the  month.  Clypeus  projecting  very 
little  beyond  the  border  of  the  mouth  or  entirely  concealed ; 
checks  moderately  descending  beneath  the  eyes.  The  costal  vein 
attains  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein.  Upper  side  of  the  inter- 
mediate tibia)  without  stout  bristles.  Discocerina  stands  between 
the  genera  Psilopa  Fall,  and  Hecamede  Hal.,  being  distinguished 
from  Psilopa  by  the  more  rounded  form  of  the  third  joint  of  the 
antcnnaj  and  the  keel  on  the  upper  part  of  the  face ;  from  Heca- 
mede chiefly  by  the  cheeks  descending  much  less  beneath  the  eyes. 
I  can  describo  only  two  North  American  species  of  this  genus,  yet 
four  are  known  to  me  as  occurring  in  Europe.  [Three  more 
species,  reproduced  below,  have  been  published  by  Mr.  Loew 
since. — O.  S.] 

1.  D.  lacteipennis  Loew.  %  . — Cinerascens,  opaca,  antennis,  geni- 
bus,  tibiarum  apice  tarsisque  flavis,  alis  albidis,  vena  costali  atra. 

Opaque,  asliygray;  antennae,  knees,  tibiie  at  the  tips  and  taidi  yellow; 
wings  whitish  with  deep  black  costal  vein.  Long.  corp.  0.11.  Long.  al. 
0.12. 

Very  similar  to  the  Earopean  Hecamede  costata  Loew,  but  easily 
10 


'■■>  ■V'.. 

m 
m 


I  ■.:! 


wm 


fmm 


146 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Mm 


distin punished  by  its  cheeks  descending  mucli  less  bcncatli  the  eyes. 
Front  with  yellowish-gray  dust.  Antennse  reddish-yellow,  the  third 
joint  a  little  infuscatcd  on  its  apical  margin ;  bristle  with  a  few  rays. 
Face  a  little  more  yellowish  than  the  front,  distinctly  keeled  on  its 
upper  half,  then  moderately  convex,  and  receding  a  little  towards 
the  border  of  the  mouth.  Eye-rings  downwards  rather  broad ; 
the  u})permost  of  the  bristles,  Inserted  near  the  eye-rings,  is  more 
removed  towards  the  middle  of  the  face.  Cheeks  remarkably  de- 
scending beneath  the  eyes  for  a  Discocerina.  Palpi  pale  yellowish. 
Upper  side  of  the  thora.x  and  scutellum  rather  light  ashy-gray. 
Pleurae  more  whitish-gray.  Abdomen  light  ashy-gray,  appearing, 
on  account  of  the  shortness  of  the  first  segment,  to  consist  of  four 
segments,  the  last  of  which  is  at  least  as  long  again  as  the  penulti- 
rnp.te.  Femora  and  tibiic  black,  the  former  with  the  extreme  tips, 
the  latter  with  the  base  and  tip  yellowish  to  a  greater  extent.  Tarsi 
yellowish  with  blackish  tips.  Ilalteres  whitish.  "Wings  whitish, 
especially  if  viewed  in  an  oblique  direction.  Costal  vein  black, 
the  other  veins  remarkably  paler;  the  second  segment  of  the  costal 
vein  is  a')ont  half  as  long  again  as  the  third. 
Hab.  Washington.     (Osten- Sacken). 


^■i!;c:.: 


3.  D.  parva  Loew.  9 . — Obscure  cinerea,  opaca,  abdomine  nigricante  ; 
antennis,  genibus,  tibiarum  apice  tarsis(iue  llavis,  alis  cinereo-hyalinis. 

Dark  ashy  gray,  opaque,  abdomen  rather  black ;  antennre,  knees,  tibia)  at 
their  tips  and  tarsi  yellow;  wings  grayish-hyaline.  Long.  corp.  0.07. 
Long.  al.  0.09. 

Though  similar  to  Discoc.  lacteipennis,  it  is  easily  distinguished 
by  its  much  smaller  size,  nearly  black  abdomen  and  grayish-hyaline 
wings  not  showing  any  trace  of  whitish  color.  Antennaj  brownish- 
yellow,  second  and  third  joints  brownish  on  the  upper  margin ; 
bristle  with  four  or  five  long  rays.  Face  dusted  with  whitish-gray, 
very  distinctly  keeled  on  its  upper  half,  farther  beneath  rather  con- 
vex, and  receding  a  little  again  towards  the  border  of  the  mouth  ; 
in  proportion  to  the  size  of  the  insect,  it  is  narrower  than  in  Dis- 
coc. fdcteipennis.  Eye-rings  exceedingly  narrow,  not  becoming 
broader  downwards.  Among  the  bristles  standing  in  its  neighbor- 
hood, the  uppermost  is  a  little  more  advanced  towards  the  middle 
of  the  face.  Cheeks  descending  only  a  little  beneath  the  eyes. 
Palpi  brownish-yellow.  Upper  side  of  the  thorax  and  scutellum 
blackish  ashy  gray,  opaque ;  the  pleuraj  likewise.    Abdomen  gray- 


"H- 


DISCOCERINA. 


147 


ish-black,  opaque,  almost  pure  black  aud  shining  towards  the  end ; 
first  scf^mciit  not  strikingly  shortened.  Femora  and  tibiie  black ; 
knees,  tibite  at  their  tips  and  tarsi  yellowish,  llalteres  white. 
Wings  grayish-hyaline,  with  blackish-brown  veins;  the  second  seg- 
ment of  the  costal  vein  is  at  least  half  as  long  again  as  the  third. 
JIab.  Washington.     (Osten-Sacken.) 


w  >• 


3.  D.  Ol'liitalis  Loew.  % .  (Translated  from  Berl.  Entom.  Zoitachr. 
ISUl,  p.  3;j4,  by  R.  Osten-Sacken.) — Cinerea,  opaca,  colore  thoracis  magia 
in  ochraceum,  abdominis  in  nigrum  vergeute,  anteunis  rufis,  oculorum 
orbitii  candidil,  alis  hyalinis,  segmento  costali  secuudo  tertii  lougitudi- 
nem  modice  siiperante. 

Cinereous,  ojiacjiie,  color  of  the  thorax  merging  in  ochraceoiis,  that  of  the 
abdomen  in  black,  antenna)  rufous,  orbit  of  the  eyes  shining  white, 
wings  hyaline,  second  costal  segment  a  little  longer  than  the  third. 
Long.  corp.  0.0G5.     Long.  al.  0.07. 

Head  obscure  cinereous,  opaque,  orbit  of  the  eyes  rather  broad, 
not  dilated  below  the  eyes,  shining  white.  Face  rather  broad,  the 
upper  half  distinctly  keeled,  the  lower  half  convex,  al)Out  six  small 
bristles  each  side,  which  are  more  distant  from  the  orbitic  than  is 
generally  the  case  in  this  genus.  Cheeks  moderately  narrow. 
Antenna;  rufescent,  third  joint  rather  obscure.  On  the  upper  side 
of  the  thorax  and  on  the  seutel  the  cinereous  color  merges  in 
ochraceous  ;  pleurae  somewhat  hoary.  Abdomen  darker  than  the 
rest  of  the  body,  black  towards  the  apex,  very  slightly  glossy. 
Femora  black,  hoary,  with  a  whitish  pollen ;  tibiae  and  tarsi  yel- 
lowish, the  former  with  a  broad  brown  ring,  the  latter  with  the  tip 
brown.  Kälteres  white.  Wings  pure  hyaline ;  second  segment  of 
the  Costa  a  little  longer  than  the  third. 

Hah.  Washington.    (Osten-Sacken.) 

4.  D.  simplex  Loew.  (Translated  from  Berl.  Entom.  Zeitschr.,  p. 
SöTj,  by  R.  Osten-Sacken.) — Cinerea,  opaca,  anteunis  nigris,  setis  faoiei 
utrinque  duabus,  genis  latioribus,  tarsis  flavescentibus,  apicem  versus 
nigris,  alis  hyalinis. 

Cinereous,  opaque,  antennae  black,  two  bristles  each  side  of  the  face, 
cheeks  rather  broad,  tarsi  flavescent,  black  towards  the  apex,  wings 
hyaline.     Long.  corp.  0.07.     Long.  al.  0.09. 

Yery  like  D.  lacteipennis,  but  easily  distinguished  by  its  black 


irft'''' 

m 


I' 


';p; 


U"i 


..•I.I'l' 


I  41  >■'■.' ^ 


"■:'': 


148 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


nntcnnne,  the  snuillor  niiinber  of  faoiiil  bristles  and  their  difTerent 
position,  finally,  by  its  hardly  whitish  wings.  Cinereons,  opaque. 
Front  rather  brond,  a  little  darker  than  the  remainder  of  the  body, 
with  an  impressed  longitudinal  line  on  eaeh  side  ;  f''ontal  lunulo 
very  narrow,  whitish  pollinose.  Antenme  blaek,  a  whitish  Polli- 
nose dot  on  the  upper  edge  of  the  second  joint,  bristle  ]»ei,'liiiated 
with  four  or  live  long  hairs.  Face  moderately  broad,  gibbous,  its 
upper  half  distinctly  keeled,  the  lower  one  convex,  receding  at  the 
a[)erture  of  the  mouth.  Two  bristles  on  each  side  of  the  face, 
approximated  to  the  eyes.  The  very  narrow  orbit  of  the  eyes 
becomes  broader  on  their  under  side.  Cheeks  broader  ihan  in 
most  Discocerincn.  The  cinereous  color  merges  into  yellowish  on 
the  thorax  ;  on  the  upper  side  of  the  abdomen,  especialls  towards 
the  apex,  it  becomes  more  distinctly  hoary.  Vwl  concolorous  to 
the  rest  »,f  the  l)ody,  hoary  with  a  whitish  pollen ;  anterior  tarsi 
yellowish,  blackish  towards  the  tip;  hind  tarsi  entirely  obscure. 
Ilalteres  white.  Wings  hyaline,  slightly  tinged  with  an  impure 
whitish,  costal  \>  ui  not  incrassated. 
Hnb.   Maryland.    (Osten-Sacken.) 

5.  D.  Iciicoproctil  Loew.  9  .  (Tnanslated  from  Rerl.  Eiitora.  Zoitschr. 
18Ü1,  p.  355,  by  II.  Osteu-Sacküu.) — Cinerea,  abdominis  atri  segmeuto 
ultimo  uiveo,  alls  liyalinis. 

Cinernoufs,  abdomen  black,  its  last  segment  snow  white,  wings  liyaliue. 
Long.  Corp.  0.OÜ4.     Long.  al.  0.07. 

Front  brownish-cinereous,  opaque.  Antennio  rufous,  third  joint 
fuscous,  bristle  pectinated  with  five  or  six  long  hairs.  Face  yel- 
lowish-white, its  upper  half  keeled,  the  lower  one  convex,  furnished 
on  each  side  with  three  strong  bristles.  The  narrow  cheeks,  as  well 
as  tlie  whole  orbit  of  the  eyes,  are  whitish.  Upper  side  of  the 
thorax  blackish-cinereous,  opaque,  with  short  l)lack  hairs.  I'leuraj 
whitish  pollinose.  Scutellum  concolorous  with  the  thorax.  Ab- 
domen black,  opaque,  last  segment  rather  short,  shining  white. 
Fore  coxae  black,  with  a  white  reflection,  yellowish  at  the  tip ; 
trochanters  yellow;  femora  black,  cineruscent  with  a  whitish  pollen, 
tip  yellow  ;  fore  and  hind  tibia)  black,  yellow  at  basis  and  apex  ; 
the  intermediate  ones  entirely  flavescent ;  all  with  a  whitish  re- 
flection on  the  upper  side;  tarsi  yellow,  last  joint  blackish.  Wings 
hyaline,  the  third  segment  of  the  costa  is  equal  to  two-thirds  of 
the  length  of  the  second. 

Nab.  Maryland.    (Osteu-Sacken.) 


■■i- 


HYPUELLINA. 


149 


II.    IIVDllKLLINA. 


Tlic  tribo  of  HiidreUhia.  is  cliaructorizod  hy  the  hairy  oycs,  the 
abpoiico  of  a  spine  on  the  second  joint  of  tlie  untcniiiL',  and  the 
absence  of  \ou\f  bristles  on  tlio  upper  hide  of  the  middle  tibiiu. 
The  eyes  i»  some  genera  ni''  covered  with  very  slio 't,  clo.s(!  hairs  ; 
in  other  genera  lliese  liairs  are  only  scattered,  hut  nmeh  longer. 
IJalidfiy  restricts  the  JIi/drcllitKi  to  the  genera  Gliniunlhe,  Jli/ilrel- 
lia,  and  Atissa.  It  seems  that  some  other  genera,  as  Pltilijuria, 
Ifyndhiii,  and  Axysla  can  by  no  means  lie  separated  from  the 
njidreUiiin,  to  wiiieii  tliey  are  mach  more  closely  relate  '  than  to 
the   EjiIijidrhKi  by  their  whole   organization,  and  chielly  by  the 


of 


strnctnn!  of  the  heail.  liie  iiairs  on  the  eyes  oi  some  speeu^s 
the  three  last  named  genera  lieiiig  very  sparingly  scattered,  and 
therefore  difTicnlt  to  o!)serve,  perha|)s  it  will  not  be  snperflnoua 
to  remark  that  in  the  Ifi/dreUina  the  eyes  are  always  longer  and 
the  face  is  narrowest  beneath  the  eyes,  whereas  in  all  Ephydrina 
the  eyes  are  roaiider,  the  horiznutal  diameter  being  sometimes  even 
longer  than  the  vertical,  so  that  the  antennic  stand  where  the  eyes 
are  most  approximated,  and  the  face  increases  much  in  breadth 
immediately  below  them.  Moreover,  in  the  lUjdrdlnni  the  hole 
of  the  mouth  is  never  strikingly  widened,  and  the  face  downwards 
never  projects  much,  whereas  the  great  width  of  the  oral  cavity 
and  the  great  projeetiu-.i  of  the  inferior  part  of  the  face  is  a  most 
striking  character  for  the  Kphydrlna,  excepting  only  the  genera 
Pelina  and  Ochlhera.  A  confusion  between  the  two  last  nanied 
genera  with  any  genus  of  the  IlydrdUna  is  sufliciently  prevented 
by  the  entire  bareness  of  their  eyes. 

The  genera  of  llydrellina  may  be  arranged  as  follows: — 

Dirisioii  1.  Eyes  with  exceedincjly  close  hair. 
,  (  Antennal  bristle  witli  a  short  pubescence. 


Glenantue  Hal. 


Antennal  bristle  pectinated. 


2  (  Face  convex 
tPa 


IIydkellia  DiSV. 
Atlssa  I/aL 


PniLTORiA  Stcnh. 
2 


2-^ 


ace  impressed. 
Dirisioii  2.  Eyes  with  scattered  hair. 
(  Face  with  bristles  ou  both  sides. 
*  Face  almost  bare, 
r Costal  v-'in  running  to  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitiidinal  vein. 

IIyadina  Ilal. 
Costal  vein  running  to  the  tip  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein. 

AxvsTA  Hal. 


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150 


DIPTERA  OF  NOIITII  AMERICA. 


North  American  si)cclcs  of  tlic  genera  IftjdrelUn  anil  PhtJi/fjria 
only  arc  known  to  mo. 

Gen.  I.     IIYDIIKLMA  R.  Desv. 

Tlie  species  of  IhjdveJl'M  are  very  easily  recognized  l)y  tiie  very 
sliort  but  exceedingly  close  puliescencc  of  the  eyes,  »ml  l)y  the 
])ectinations  of  the  antennul  bristle.  The  otlier  cluu'aetors  are : 
Second  joint  of  the  antcnniü  not  unguiculated  ;  face  rather  narrow 
and  perpendicular,  sliglitly  convex,  receding  a  little  towards  the 
border  of  the  month  ;  opening  of  the  mouth  not  widened  ;  cheeks 
descending  very  little  beneath  the  eyes.  Legs  rather  slender ; 
middle  tibi«)  on  their  upper  side  without  bristles  ;  costal  vein  ex- 
tending to  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein. 


Synopsis  of  the  Spucies.* 

Anterior  coxro  yellow. 

Anterior  coxte  blackisli. 

l''aco  snowy  white. 
.  Face  not  white. 

l''atü  browniäh-blnck,  opaciuo. 
.  Face  yellow. 


1  ischiaca,  n.  sp. 

2 
2  hypoleuca,  n.  sp. 

3 
3  obscuripes,  n.  sp. 

4 


IFai'o  (larkyellow,  narrow,  much  (lilated  hclow.    4  Bcapularis,  ii.  sp. 
Face  pale  yellow,  rather  broad,  but  little  widened  below. 
5  valida,  n.  sp. 

1.  II.  isclliaca  LoKW.  9- — Sub.Tncscenti-fusca,  antennis  nigrls,  facie 
punctoiiue  frontali  albis,  thoracis  niargiuo  antico  plouriscjue  canis,  pudi- 
bus  ex  fusco  nigris,  coxis  anticis,  genibus,  tibiarum  apice  tarriorumque 
basi  ex  rufo  flavis. 

Somewhat  brassy  brown,  antenna;  black,  face  and  frontal  dot  white;  ante- 
rior border  of  the  thorax  and  pleura;  whitish-gray,  legs  browiii.sh-black, 
anterior  coxa»,  knees,  tips  of  the  tibia;  and  base  of  the  tarsi  reddish- 
yellow.     Long.  corp.  0.1.     Long.  al.  0.11. 

Face  of  medium  breadth,  slightly  dilated  below,  without  keel ; 
the  ground  color  in  the  middle  is  more  pronounced,  giving  it  rather 
a  brownish  aspect;  on  each  side  of  the  face  there  are  four  little 
bristles,  one  above  the  other.  Palpi  yellow,  cheeks  a  little  de- 
scending. Antenna;  entirely  black ;  the  bristle  in  the  described 
specimen  has  seven  rays.  Front  proportionately  broad,  dusted 
with  brown;  the  dot  immediately  above  the  antennae  white.    Upper 


*  The  species  No.  (5  has  v^t  been  included  in  this  synopsis, 


— 0.  S. 


IIYDIIELLINA. 


151 


side  of  tlio  iliornx  (liisk-il  with  l)rown;  its  aiiteriur  lionler,  kIiouI- 
ders,  liitoriil  border  und  i»U'iini'  jjruyisli-wliitc  witli  wliitc  dust. 
Scutellurii  liko  Iho  upper  side  of  tlic  thorax,  only  ii  little  nioro 
glossy.  Abdomen  uhnost  blackish-brown,  not  very  shiniiijr,  but 
also  little  dusted.  lie^s  lirownish-black  ;  fore  coxse  yellow,  some- 
what Infuseated  at  the  base  ;  nil  the  knees  brownish-yellow;  end 
of  the  foremost  til)iie  for  a  little  distanee  and  the  end  of  the  mid- 
dle and  hindmost  as  far  ns  the  ndddle,  reddish-yellow;  fore  tarsi 
only  at  the  base,  middle  tarsi  as  far  as  the  middle;,  the  hind  tarsi 
ns  far  as  the  end  of  the  fourth  joint,  reddish-yellow.  Poisens 
yellow.  Wings  a  little  grayish ;  second  segment  of  the  costal  vein 
nearly  half  as  long  again  as  the  third.  lliidnU.  isrhiaca  is  rather 
similar  to  the  European  species:  fnlvicvps  Stenh.,  pi'fitnrsis  Stenh  , 
and  hidceps  Stenh. ;  from  the  first  it  is  sullieiently  distinguished 
by  its  broader  face  being  dusted  with  whitish  ;  from  pilitarsls  like- 
wise by  its  broader  and  whitish-dusted  face,  and  moreover  by  the 
pure  white  color  of  the  frontal  dot,  the  much  whiter  dust  on  the 
shoulders,  anterior  and  lateral  borders  of  the  thorax  and  pleura.', 
and  finally  by  the  much  more  extensive  ))ale  color  of  the  legs ; 
from  laticops  by  the  rather  less  breadth  of  tiie  front  and  face,  by 
the  wings  showing  uo  whitish  appearance  in  any  direction,  and  by 
the  less  extensive  pale  color  of  the  logs. 
JIab.   Middle  States.     (Osten-Sacken.) 


^i^^Sli 


?i'.i;"< 


'  :m 


S.  II.  liypoleiica  I.oew.  9* — Subrenosfenti-fusca,  anteiinis  iiit'i-is, 
facio  puncto(iue  front.ili  candidin,  thoracis  niargine  antico  et  margino 
laterali,  pleuris  ventretjue  albo-pollinosis,  iieJibus  nigrls,  metatai^is 
posticis  rufis. 

Somewhat  brassy-brown,  antenna)  black,  face  and  frontal  dot  pure  white  ; 
anterior  and  lateral  borders  of  the  thorax,  pleura?,  and  the  whole  under 
side  of  the  abdomen  dusted  witli  white ;  logs  black,  first  joint  of  the 
hind  tarsi  red.     Long.  corp.  0.11.     Long.  al.  0.12. 

Very  similar  to  the  European  //.  incnna  Hal.,  which  Mr. 
llaliday  thinks  to  bo  the  same  as  //.  ranunciiU,  previously  de- 
scribed by  him.  Face  snowy  white,  not  very  narrow,  underneath 
broader,  slightly  keeled  in  its  whole  length,  beset  on  each  side 
with  three  small  bristles.  Palpi  yellow.  Cheeks  descending  but 
little  below  the  eyes.  Antenntc  black  ;  antcnnal  bristle  in  the 
described  specimen  with  five  rays.  Front  dusted  with  brown, 
opaque ;  anterior  border,  but  especially  the  shoulder  and  lateral 


■■a, 


ft; 


L:a-:;CT- ...,.,_ 


I'iy: 


152 


DIPTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


IV," 


border  dusted  with  whitish  ;  the  foremost  beginning  of  n  grayish- 
white  middle  line  is  indistinctly  indicated.  Pleura)  dusted  with 
whitish.  Scutellum  dusted  with  brown  and  opaque.  Upjjcr  side 
of  the  abdomen  only  a  little  dusted,  and  therefore  a  little  greener 
and  Icps  opaque.  The  under  side  and  the  part  of  thg  upper  ab- 
dominal ])lates  which  is  turned  downwards,  covered  with  white  dust; 
this  dust  extends  to  the  upper  side  of  the  abdomen  on  the  poste- 
rior part  of  each  segir.ent.  Legs  black;  firsi  joint  of  the  middle 
and  hind  tarsi  yellowish-red;  first  joint  of  the  fore  tarsi  brown  at 
the  base.  Poisers  yellow.  AVings  hyaline,  rather  grayish ;  the 
second  segment  of  the  costal  vein  distinctly  half  as  long  again  as 
the  third.  This  species  differs  from  //.  iiicann  by  the  pure  white 
dust  on  the  anterior  and  lateral  borders  of  the  thorax,  as  well  as 
on  the  pleurae 
Jhd>.  :Middle  States.     (Osten-Sackcn.) 


¥>■■■  :^''\] 


I'i 


3.  II.  obsciU'icops  LoEW.  %  . — Subrenescenti-fiisca,  abdomine  magis 
virescente,  antennis  iiigris,  facie  brnnnco-nigrä,  puncto  frontali  albido, 
pleuris  cinereis,  podibiis  ex  fu.sco  iiigris,  tar.sis  posterioribus  in  basi 
iiigris. 

Brassy  brown,  abdomen  more  grecni.sli,  antennm  black;  face  brownish- 
black  with  a  wliitish  frontal  dot ;  pleurie  ashy  gray  ;  legs  brownish-black, 
base  of  the  middle  and  hind  tarsi  red.     Long.  corp.  0.1.     Long.  al.  0.1. 

Face  rather  narrow  above,  a  little  widening  underneath,  not 
keeled,  of  a  brownish-black  velvety  color;  on  each  side  there  are 
three  small  bristles,  one  above  the  other.  Palpi  ytllow.  Cheeks 
descending  very  little  below  the  eyes.  An>,^nna3  black,  in  some 
directions  with  a  whitish  reflection;  antennal  bristle  in  the  described 
specimen  with  six  rays.  The  dot  immediately  above  the  antenna) 
dusted  with  whitish,  but  not  strikingly  so.  Front  and  uj)per  side 
of  the  thorax  dusted  with  brown,  opaque ;  anterior  and  lateral 
borders  of  the  thorax  as  well  the  shoulder  without  pale  dust, 
Pleunx;  pale  ashy  gray,  more  brown  above.  Scutellum  of  the  same 
color  as  the  upper  side  of  the  thorax.  Abdomen  brownish  metal- 
lic-green, somewhat  glossy;  first  segment  much  shortened,  second 
and  third  of  equal  length,  fourth  a  little  longer,  fifth  as  long  as 
the  second  and  third  together,  rather  broadly  truncate  at  its  end, 
somewhat  convex.  Legs  brownish-bla(!k;  first  joint  of  the  pos- 
terior tarsi  yellowish-red ;  the  first  joint  of  the  foremost  tarsi 
brownish-red  only  at  the  base.     Poisers  yellow.    Wings  hyaline,  a 


HYDRELLINA. 


153 


little  grayish;  the  second  segment  of  the  costal  vein  scarcely  half 
as  long  again  as  the  third.  Not  possessing  any  of  the  few  Eu- 
ropean Hi/drcUife  witli  dark  colored  faces,  I  cannot  point  out  how 
//.  ohaciiricops  differs  from  tlictii. 

Hab.   Middle  Slates.     (Oritoii-Sacken.) 


4.  II.  SCilliUlai'is  LoEw.  9. — Suba;ne.scenti-riif^cn,  aiiteinii^  iiigris, 
facie  ochracea,  puncto  I'rontali  pallidius  llavo,  intcnUini  alliido,  thoracis 
inargino  antico,  hnnioris  pleurisquo  albo-pollinosis,  pedibiis  nigi'i.s,  mo- 
tataisis  posticis  riiÜH. 

Brassy-brown;  n'.iteiinne  black,  face  ocbracooxis,  frontal  dot  paler  yellow, 
sometimes  wliitisli,  anterior  border  of  tlie  thorax,  shoulders,  and  pleiu'fe 
dusted  with  white  ;  legs  black,  first  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  red.  Long. 
corp.  0.1.     Long.  al.  0.12. 

Very  similar  to  JT.  hypoleiica,  notwithstanding  the  different  color 
of  its  face,  but  certainly  not  a  variation  in  color  of  that  species. 
Face  a  little  narrower  above  than  in  the  latter,  quite  as  broad 
underneatli,  tlius  appearing  more  dilated  below,  likewise  keeled  on 
its  whole  length,  but  more  distinctly  and  a  little  less  obtusely;  on 
each  side  of  it  there  are  three  small  bristles;  its  color  is  dark 
ochraeeous.  Antenna)  black ;  bristle  with  five  or  six  rays.  Front 
dusted  with  brown,  opaque,  narrower  than  in  H.  hypohncn;  the 
dot  immediately  above  the  antcnnic  is  dusted  with  paler  yellow  or 
whitish.  Tliorax  dusted  with  brown,  opaque,  the  dust  not  being 
so  thick  as  to  prevent  its  color  from  inclining  a  little  to  greenish; 
its  outermost  anterior  border  and  the  shoulders  are  dusted  with 
whitish;  the  dust  of  the  pleura)  is  of  the  same  color.  Upper  side 
of  the  abdomen  greener  than  that  of  the  thorax,  slightly  dusted, 
but  also  slightly  glossy;  its  under  side  and  the  part  of  tlie  upper 
abdominal  plates  which  is  turned  downward,  arc  bnt  thinly  dusted 
with  whitish.  Legs  black;  first  joint  of  the  posterior  tarsi  yellow- 
ish-red ;  first  joint  of  the  anterior  tarsi  brown  at  the  base.  Poisers 
yellow.  Wings  glassy,  rather  grayish ;  the  second  segment  of  the 
costal  vein  more  than  liall'  as  long  again  as  the  third. 

Iluh.  United  States.    (Schaum.) 

5.  II.  valida  Lonw.  9- — Intor  majores  sui  generis;  glauco-cinerea, 
tota  opaea,  faide  latiusculi'i  inllide  ocliracea,  antenuis  pedibusiiue  nigris, 
basi  t(J)-oruui  omnium  rufä. 

Belonging  to  the  Itiigeat  species  of  tl»U  genus ;  greenish-gray,  opatiue  every- 


■     '-iW 
'& 

'■■■.■'\^ 
".••'>'.■  1: 

v/  fi  .'ffi 
■* 

;,'!''•■ 


'.■■,:1. 
.•<■•'. 


*V 


if.  •■■  IS«. 


''.-'  :'r' 


V  mi 


^. 


154 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 


^^- 


where;  face  rather  broad,  pale  ochraceous ;  antennrc  and  legs  black; 
base  of  all  the  tarsi  red.     Long.  corp.  0.12.     Long.  al.  O.l.O. 

Face  rather  l)road,  becorainj]^  a  little  broader  upwards,  only 
slightly  keeled  above,  ochraceous,  with  three  small  bristles  on 
each  side.  Palpi  yellow.  Cheeks  sligh^'y  descending.  Antennas 
black;  antcnnal  bristle  in  the  described  specimen  with  five  rays. 
Front  greenish-gray  and  oi)aqne  in  consequence  of  its  grayish 
dust;  the  dot  above  the  artenna3  has  a  still  duller  yellow  color 
than  the  face  and  is  not  conspicuous.  Upper  side  of  the  thorax 
and  scutellum  greenish-gray  and  opaque  from  its  whitish-gray  dust. 
Pleurae  a  little  paler  greenish-gray.  Abdomen  grayish-green, 
opaque,  vith  the  fifth  segment  considerably  longer  than  the  fourth. 
Legs  black;  tarsi  yellowish-red  as  far  as  the  end  of  the  first  joint; 
also  the  knees,  chiefly  those  of  the  hind  legs,  are  of  this  color. 
Poisers  yellow.  Wings  relatively  to  the  length  of  the  body,  large, 
hyaline ;  the  veins  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  base  pale  ochraceous ; 
the  second  segment  of  the  costal  vein  about  twice  as  long  as  the 
third;  the  posterior  transverse  vein  does  not  stand  quite  perpen- 
dicularly to  the  longitudinal  axis  of  the  wing,  but  is  slightly 
oblique. 

Ilah.  Middle  States.    .'Osten- Sacken.) 


■ 

•i  ■- 

^^^H*"!t 

; 

j^^^H  1 

P^, 

|H 

r.' 

i^ 


1 
I 

i.' 


<v,.  II.  foi'IUOSa  LoEW.  9-  (Translated  from  Bcrl.  Entoui.  Zeitsehr. 
18(J1,  p.  35.5,  by  R.  Osten-Sacken.) — Atra,  thoracis  uorso,  abdnminis  ui-iice 
marginlbusque  nitidis,  fronte,  tlioraci.s  macula  lateral!  peiniagna  scutul- 
loijue  aterrimis,  opacis,  facie,  puncto  frontali,  pleurarunK^ue  vitta  supe- 
riore,  candidis,  femoribus  nigris,  tibiis  tarsisque  pallidis,  alis  cinereo- 
hyaliuis. 

Dark,  thorax  above,  tip  of  the  abdomen  and  its  borders  shining  ;  front,  a 
large  spot  on  the  side  of  the  thorax  and  scutellum  deep  black,  opatiue ; 
the  face,  a  dot  on  the  front  and  a  band  on  the  upper  side  of  the  pleurae 
shining  white,  femora  black,  tibi;e  and  tarsi  pale,  wings  cinereous-hya- 
line.    Long.  corp.  0.057.     Long.  al.  O.Ü'J4. 

Face  moderately  convex,  not  keeled,  bright  shining  white. 
Cheeks  very  narrow,  black.  Front  and  superior  part  of  occiput 
deep  black,  velvety,  with  a  striking  shining  white  frontal  mark. 
Antenna?  l)!ack,  third  joint  rufous,  margined  with  black  above, 
bristle  pectinated  with  scattered  black  hairs.  Thorax  very  shining 
above,  on  each   side  a  large,  deep  black,  velvety  lateral   spot. 


HYLllELLINA. 


155 


Scutelliira  deep  black,  opaque,  with  a  narrow  snbcinereous  border. 
Pleuro3  black,  with  a  broad,  shining  white  band  above.  Abdomen 
black,  opaque,  the  apical  half  as  well  as  the  lateral  borders  shining. 
Femora  black  ;  tibiie  and  tarsi  pale  yellowish,  the  upper  edge  of 
the  former  with  a  white  reflection,  terminal  joint  of  the  latter 
black.  Haltercs  pale  lemon-yellow.  Wings  cinereous-hyaline, 
second  segment  of  the  costa  somewhat  longer  than  the  third  ;  third 
longitudinal  vein  ending  at  the  very  tip  of  the  wing;  posterior 
transverse  vein  occupying  the  middle  between  the  basis  and  the 
tip  of  the  wing. 

Hab.  Pennsylvania.    (Osten-Sacken.) 

Observation. — This  species,  although  very  much  like  Philhyfiria 
picta  Fall,  and  the  allied  species,  proves  to  be  a  true  Ilijdrellia  on 
account  of  the  short  and  very  dense  pubescence  of  its  eyes. 

Gen.  II.    PIIII.VCJRIA  Stenh. 

ITaliday  has  employed  for  this  genus  the  name  ITijärina,  given 
by  Rob.  Der.oidy;  l)ut  as  this  name,  being  derived  from  ILjdra, 
is  also  used  in  the  fiimily  of  Poljipl,  it  seems  more  advisable  to 
adopt  for  it  the  name  Phlhj(jria  of  Stenhamraar ;  otherwise  this 
name  would  not  be  used  at  all,  the  two  other  genera,  which  joined 
with  the  present,  form  the  genus  Phih/f/na  of  Stcnhammar,  being 
already  possessed  of  their  authorized  names,  Ilijadina  and  Axysta. 
The  genus  Plnhj(jna,  taken  in  the  jn-esent  sense,  may  be  character- 
ized in  the  following  manner:  Second  joint  of  the  unteiiuie  not 
unguiculated;  antenna!  bristle  with  a  short  pubescence.  Eyc„  dis- 
tinctly hairy,  rather  rounded,  but  higher  than  broad,  slightly  pro- 
minent. Face  descending  obliquely,  narrowed  upwards,  receding 
a  little  towards  the  mouth,  the  anterior  border  of  which  is  a  little 
pointed;  on  both  sides  there  are  distinct  bristles.  Clypeus  unde- 
veloped ;  mentum  rather  thickened  ;  cheeks  slightly  descending. 
The  costal  vein  attains  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein ;  the  posterior 
transverse  vein  is  rather  distant  from  the  border  of  the  wing. 

1.  P.  fuscicoi'liis  LoKW.  Fusco-cinuro.a,  alKloinino  riigricanto,  facie 
flavesceiite,  jietlilnis  nigris,  tarsis  rufis,  in  apiuo  fuscis,  alls  cincrascen- 
tibus,  cellula  discoidali  et  gutta  pone  venam  trausversam  T;->steriorem 
limpidioribus,  venis  transversis  fusco-limbatis. 

Brownish-gray;  abdomen  blackif=h,  face  yellowish;  wings  gi'ay  with  the 
discoidal  cell  and  a  drop  behind  the  posterior  transverse  veia  more  bya- 


4-^. 


'■■■;> 


''■♦'. ' 


'  ,«1, 

X 


v'*' 

-  5 

ffiS- 

-';> 

\k 

"i'^^m 

i-S 

■i'-'' 

; .  ji;.» 

'l'(i':'' 

..-  •■•■■■■. 

i 

.   % 


156 


DIPTEUA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


'^i 


lis 


('  '.■'  ■- 


+l' 


'li';' 


lino  ;  transverse  veins  margined  with  Llackish-Lrown.     Long.  corp.  0.9. 
Long.  al.  0.11. 

It  lias  a  certain  resemblance  with  Phlhjgr.  femornta  Stenli.  and 
interriipta  Ilal.,  namely,  the  form  of  its  face  is  almost  as  in  the 
latter,  and  likewise  more  yellowish  on  the  middle,  whitish  on  the 
lateral  borders  and  towards  the  cheeks.  Antennte  blackish,  ap- 
peariiif^  whitish-gray  in  certain  directions,  brownish  on  the  inferior 
border  only,  when  held  against  the  light.  Thorax  grayish-brown, 
on  its  anterior  border  dusted  with  whitish-gray;  its  darker  stripes 
are  obsolete,  but  more  visible  in  the  neighljorhood  of  the  anterior 
border,  where  they  extend  a  little  into  the  brighter  gray  color. 
Scutellum  as  the  upper  side  of  the  thorax.  Pleura)  gray.  Ab- 
domen grayish-black,  more  black  towards  the  end,  not  glossy. 
Legs  black,  tarsi  yellowish-red  as  far  as  the  fourth  joint.  "Wings 
grayish  with  a  hyaline  spot  behind  the  posterior  transverse  vein 
and  with  a  rather  clearer  discoidal  cell ;  the  clearer  color  of  the 
latter  is  only  seen  if  the  light  shines  through  the  wing  and  the 
wing  is  looked  at  in  an  oblique  direction,  while  the  clear  sjjot  be- 
hind the  posterior  transverse  vein  is  distinctly  seen  in  every  direc- 
tion. Tile  two  transverse  veins  have  only  a  very  narrow  and 
ill-defined  dark  margin,  and  tlie  posterior  transverse  vein  is  a 
little  less  distant  from  the  posterior  border  of  the  wing  than  is 
usual  in  this  genus;  the  second  longitudinal  vein  being  very  long, 
the  second  segment  of  the  costal  vein  is  more  than  twice  as  long 
as  the  third. 

Hah.  ^liddle  States.     (Osten-Sackcn.) 


■m-  - 


«V 

■  ^^ 

'jSB'' 

■  'iiJ'. 

W" 

amfa.. 

■  ■■«  • 

M'[ 

,.■^1: 

m;';.. 

^^:1; 

W/'  ■■ 

• '  V  ' 

Im'' 

"  :'j' 

m''  ' 

•J. 

3.  p.  opposita  LoF.w.  %  .  (Translated  from  Eerl.  Entom.  Zeitschr. 
181)1,  p.  Sfjlj,  by  R.  Ostcn-Sacken.) — Ex  cinereo  fusca,  abdomine  atro 
nitido,  alarum  vonia  longitudinalibns  secundü,  tcrtia  et  quartä  nigro- 
punctatis,  veuis  transversis  late  nigro-liml)atis. 

Cinereous-brown,  abdomen  black,  shining,  the  second,  third  and  fourth 
longitudinal  veins  of  the  wings  spotted  with  black,  transverse  veins 
broadly  clouded  with  black.     Long.  corp.  0.07 — 0.0!).     Long.  al.  0.0!)5. 

Cinereous-brown,  opaque.  Ocellar  triangle  large,  concolorous, 
rather  indistinctly  separated  from  the  remainder  of  the  front.  Two 
basal  joints  of  the  antenme  black,  the  inir  1  iili  .jk,  with  the  bases 
and  the  apical  Uulf  itapurely  ruftmii,     fc'ate  aai'j"->v,-.  black,  with  a 


IIYDRELLINA. 


157 


W'liitisli  pollen,  its  middle  portion  flavcsccnt  below.  F.iciid  orl)itaj 
of  the  eyes  narrow,  witli  a  white  reflection.  Thorax  obscure, 
cinereous  brown  above,  with  very  narrow,  obsolete  darker  lines. 
Plcur«  dark  cinereous.  3cutellum  concolorous  with  the  thora.x. 
Abdomen  black,  very  glossy,  a  large  obscurely  cinereous  opaijue 
basal  spot,  not  attaining  the  posterior  margin  of  the  second  seg- 
ment. Legs  yellowish  ferruginous,  last  joint  of  tarsi  black,  base 
of  femora  sometimes  fuscous.  Wings  cinereous  hyaline,  veins 
black ;  short  stumps  of  veins  clouded  with  black,  proceed  from  the 
second,  third,  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins;  the  third  vein  emits 
fonr  such  stumps,  all  of  which,  except  the  last,  are  opposed  to 
similar  stumps  on  the  second  vein  ;  the  last  segment  of  the  fourth 
vein  generally  emits  two  stumps  ;  the  ordinary  transverse  veins  are 
broadly  clouded  with  black.  The  second  segment  of  the  costa  ia 
almost  twice  as  long  as  the  third. 

Ilah.  Pennsylvania.  "Washington.  (Ostcn-Sacken.) 
Observatiun. — Phif.  opj}osita  is  very  like  P.  punvtulo-nervosa 
Fall.,  but  distinguished  by  a  more  brown  color,  a  more  narrowed 
face,  darker  legs  and  antennse,  a  larger  i)ortion  of  the  al)domen 
colored  with  black  and  by  a  smaller  number  of  dots  on  the  wings. 
The  facial  orbitic  of  the  eyes,  which  are  much  narrowed  in  P. 
opposita,  evidently  prove  it  to  be  a  distinct  species. 

Note. — Some  specimens  have./iVfi  stumps  on  the  third  vein,  opposed  to 
four  on  the  second,  and  more  than  two  stumps  on  the  last  segment  of  the 
fourth  vein.  0.  S. 

3.  P.  debilis  Loew.  %  .  (Translated  from  Berl.  Entom.  Zeitschr.  1801, 
p.  Sail,  by  R.  Oston-Sacken.) — Nigro-cinerea,  opaca,  antennis  totis  nigris, 
fronte  aträ  opacä,  triangulo  ocellari  niaximo,  nigro-cinereo,  ultimo  abdo- 
minis scgmento  atro,  nitido,  pedibus  obscuris,  genibus,  tibiaruiii  anteri- 
orum  apice,  tarsisque  tlavescentibiis,  horum  apico  nigro,  alis  oiuereo- 
hyalinis,  circa  veuas  transversales  infuscatas  limpidioribus. 

Blackish-cinereous,  opaque,  antennre  entirely  black,  front  black,  opaque, 
ocellar  triangle  very  largo,  blackish-cinereous,  last  K(-gment  of  the  ab- 
domen black,  shining,  feet  obscuie,  knees,  tip  of  the  anterior  til)i;c  and 
tarsi  yellowish,  tip  of  the  latter  black,  wings  cinereous-byalin(!,  with 
clearer  spaces  round  the  infuscated  transverse  veins.  Long.  corp.  0,ü5. 
Long.  al.  0.ÜÖ4. 

Blackish-cinereous,  opaque.     Front  black,  with  a  very  narrow 
white  Diargioal  Hue  on  each  side  and  the  rather  large  ocsllar 


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158 


DIPTERA  OP  NOlU  H  AMERICA. 


SM  ■ 

J*-  -'  ,.. 


I'm' 


triangle,  blackisli-ciiicrcoiis.  Antennae  entirely  black.  Face  yel- 
lowish, orbits  narrow,  whitish.  Thorax  above  with  very  narrow 
almost  obsolete  lines.  Abdomen  a  little  darker  and  less  opaque 
than  tlie  thorax,  last  segment  black,  smooth.  Legs  blackish, 
knees  and  tij)  of  the  anterior  tibiie  yellowish,  hind  tibinc  either  alto- 
gether blackish,  or  marked  with  a  narrow,  very  obsolete  pale  ring, 
tarsi  yellowish,  their  last  joints  blackish.  Haltercs  impure  white, 
knob  somewhat  darker.  Wings  cinereo-hyaline,  with  clearer 
spaces  round  the  infuscated  transverse  veins,  second  costal  seg- 
ment almost  twice  as  long  as  the  third. 

Ildb.  Pennsylvania.     (Ostcn-Sacken.) 

Observation. — This  species  is  very  like  Pldlygr.  femorata  Stcnh., 
but  distinguished  by  entirely  black  antenntc,  by  a  less  obtuse  an- 
terior angle  of  the  ocellar  triangle  and  by  a  conspicuously  longer 
second  costal  segment. 


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III.   EPIIYDRIXA. 

The  EpJiydn'na  are  well  characterized  by  their  quite  naked,  prom- 
inent, and  usually  much  rounded  eyes,  by  the  second  joint  of  their 
antenufe  not  unguiculated,  and  by  the  middle  tibia;  without  spinous 
bristles  on  their  ui)per  side.  IJy  tlie  genus  Pelina  they  are  nearest 
related  to  the  latter  genera  of  Ifydrellina.  The  raentum  is  much 
enlarged  and  swollen  in  almost  all  the  genera,  the  oral  cavity 
generally  of  large  width.  The  genera  with  less  widely  opened 
mouth,  as  Pelina  and  Ochthera,  so  manifestly  bear  the  chief  cha- 
racters of  Ephydrina,  that  no  doubt  can  arise  about  their  systema- 
tic position. 

The  genera  of  Eplnjdrina  hitherto  established  may  be  arranged 
as  follows : — 


Division  1.  Clypcus  prominent. 
I  f  Tlie  small  basal  cells  ol'  the  wings  complete 
I  The  small  basal  cells  of  the  wings  waatiug. 


3 


Oral  cavity  proportionally  narrow. 
,  Oral  cavity  exceedingly  wide. 
Fore  femora  not  thickened. 


{Fore  fe 
Fore  fc 


;mora  much  thickened. 


Canacb  Ual. 
% 

4 

Pelina  Ilal. 
Ochthera  Latr, 


1  Costal  vein  attaining  the  third  longitadical  vein. 
Bbacbtokctxeba  Lotto. 
Costal  vein  att&ining  the  fourth  longitudinnl  vein.  6 


f^"''.,.''^ 


EPHYDRINA. 


159 


"Faco  on  oadi  siilu  with  a  long  bristle;  lateral  border  of  the  mouth 

Pauydka  Sti  nh. 

lateral  border  of  the 

llALiuiroTA  IJal. 

Epuydra  Fall, 

2 

Ilythea  Hal. 

3 

TiciiOMYZA  Macq. 

4 

ScATEiXA  R.  Desv, 

C-ExiA  11.  Desv, 


I      without  bristles. 

1  Face  on  each  side  with  several  long  bristles 

I      mouth  with  bristles. 

Division  2.  Clypeus  retracted  in  the  oral  cavity. 
,  (  Claws  .almost  straight,  pulvilli  indistinct. 

(  Claws  curved,  pulvilli  distinct. 
2  /  Oral  border  quite  bare. 


•al  border  with  bristles. 


are. 


,|0n 

(  Ori: 
q  (  Antennal  bristle  bare. 

*  Antennal  bristle  not  b 
.  (  Antennal  bristle  pubescent. 

(  Antennal  bristle  pectinated. 

The  North  American  Ephydrina  known  to  mc  belong  to  the 
five  genera  :  Oclitliera,  Jirachydeutera,  Porydra,  Ephydra,  and 
Sculvlla, 

Gen.  I.     OCIITIIERA  Latk. 

One  of  the  most  distinct  genera  of  Ephydrina.  Front  very 
broad ;  antennal  bristle  above,  with  three  rays.  Face  above 
moderately  broad,  with  two  furrow-like  longitudinal  impressions 
approaching  each  other  very  much  on  the  middle,  then  diverging 
from  each  other  as  they  descend,  and  finally  continued  in  a  direc- 
tion parallel  to  the  lateral  border  of  the  mouth  ;  on  the  surface  of 
the  face  there  are  some  fine  and  short  hairs,  but  no  bristles  at  all. 
The  face  and  cheeks  descend  very  deep  beneath  the  large  promi- 
nent eyes,  but  are  again  contracted  sensibly  towards  the  opening 
of  the  mouth,  rendering  it  smaller  than  in  any  of  the  other  genera 
of  Ephydrina.  Clypeus  having  the  form  of  a  small  flat  lamella, 
projecting  beyond  the  anterior  border  of  the  mouth.  The  fore 
coxa;  a  little  prolonged  ;  the  fore  femora  exceedingly  swollen, 
furrowed  on  their  under  side  for  the  reception  of  the  curved  liliise, 
which  terminate  in  a  spine,  and  beset  with  a  few  small  bristles  j 
the  first  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  more  or  less  thickened.  Tlic  costal 
■vein  of  the  wings  reaches  to  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  ;  the 
second  segment  of  the  costa  is  proportionally  very  long;  the  pos- 
terior transverse  vein  is  very  oblique  ;  the  third  and  fourth  longi- 
tudinal veins  converge  rather  remarkably  towards  their  ends. 

Ohscrvoiion. — Th.  Say  has  described  a  fly  as  Ocldhcra  empifoT' 
mis;  but  on  a  closer  consideration  of  his  observations  on  the  an- 
terior femora,  the  color  of  the  iusect,  and  its  email  size,  it  becomes 


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160 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


indubitable  lluit  he  has  been  docoivecl  relatively  to  the  true  charac- 
ters of  the  geniis  Ochlheni,  and  it  is  to  be  supposed  that  his  Ochlhcra 
empiformis  is  an  insect  belonging  to  the  Tachydromidic. 


,  (  Face  with  deep  Llaek  furrows  and  dotä. 
(  Face  without  black  furrows  and  dots. 


Synopsis  of  the  Species. 

1  exBcuIpta,  n.  sp. 

2 

.T  (  First  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  but  little  swollen.  2  mantis  Deg. 

"  \  First  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  much  swollen.  3 

n  i  Tarsi  black,  face  broad.  3  rapaz,  n.  sp. 

(  Tarsi 


red,  face  narrow. 


4  tuberculata,  u.  sp. 


r '-"lifiw 


1.  O.  exscillpta  Loew.     %. — Facies  angustissima,  lineis  punctisq.ie 
exsculptis  oruata  ;  tibi;«"  anticoe  rufae. 

Face  exceedingly  narrow,  with  shining-black  furrows  and  impressed  black 
dots;  fore  tibiic  red.     Long.  corp.  U.KJ.     Long.  al.  Ü.1J.       ' 

A  readily  distinguished  specie,  not  quite  equalling  the  three 
following  in  size.  Front  narrower  than  in  all  the  other  known 
species,  almost  entirely  covered  with  a  large  shining  spot  having' 
the  form  of  a  regular  trapezium,  near  which  the  color  is  velvety- 
l)lack  at  the  borders  of  the  eyes  and  brownish  on  the  anterior  cor- 
ners of  tiic  front.  Eyes  larger  and  longer  than  in  the  other  spe- 
cies. Face  unusually  narrow,  dusted  with  yellow;  a  shining  black 
furrow  runs  from  the  tubercle  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  face  to 
the  border  of  the  mouth,  and  has  on  each  side  a  similar  furrow, 
the  under  part  of  which  is  laterally  continued  in  a  parallel  direction 
to  the  border  of  the  mouth  ;  the  lateral  parts  of  the  face  have 
some  impressed,  rather  coarse,  dots.  Clypeus  sensibly  smaller 
than  in  the  other  species.  The  fore  femora  black ;  the  fore  tibiae 
and  tarsi  red,  the  first  joint  of  the  latter  a  little  longer  and  a  little 
less  pear-.>;haped  than  in  the  other  species.  The  middle  and  the 
hind  legs  black  ;  the  tips  of  the  knees  r.nd  the  tibia;  on  their  first 
third  red  ;  the  first  joint  of  the  middle  tarsi  red  as  far  as  the  tip, 
the  following  joints  being  so  only  at  the  base ;  the  first  joint  of 
the  hind  tarsi  is  very  little  s  /ollen,  the  second  and  following  joints 
red  at  the  base. 

Bab.  Cuba.  (Poey.) 


K- 


OCIITIIERA. 


161 


2.  O.  mantis  T>p.n,      %  and  9- — Pedes  nigri,  tibÜH  intermediis  iion 
dilatiitin,  tarsorum  iiitorinediorum  basi  ruffl,,  metatarHo  postico  uiodicc 
incrassato. 

Legs  black ;  middle  tibiro  not  enlartjed,  midiUe  tarsi  reil  at  the  base,  first 
joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  only  little  swollen.  Lonq.  corj).  0.2-1—0,2'). 
Long.  al.  0.2. 

I  am  quite  uniiblc  to  (listin<riii<li  tliis  species,  so  eominon  in  tlie 
Middle  States  of  tlio  Union,  from  tlie  Kiiropeaii  Orhlh.  »unitis. 
It  is  true,  indeed,  that  in  most  American  specimens  the  eyes  are  a 
little  more  distant  from  each  other  than  in  the  European;  but  this 
difl'erenco  in  some  cases  disappears  entirely;  nor  do  tlie  European 
specimens  altofrether  apree  in  this  resj)e<t.  The  color  of  the  face 
is  liiv(i\vise  as  varial)l(!  as  in  the  European  specimens.  As  mark- 
ings, distiiiguishiiij^  this  species  from  tlie  two  next  ones,  which 
resemblo  it,  very  much,  the  following  may  be  noted  :  The  ground 
color  of  the  legs,  in  well-colored  specimens,  is  black,  only  the  mid- 
dle tarsi  being  red  from  their  base  for  a  very  varialile  extent.  The 
middle  tibiue  are  considerably  narrower  than  in  Ochth.  rapnx  and 
tuberv.ithita,  and  entirely  dusteil  on  their  anterior  side;  the  iirst 
joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  is  very  lillle  swollen  and  rather  long. 

Hub.  Middle  States.     (Osten-Sacken.) 

3.  O.  tllliercillata  Loew.  1;. — Pedes  ni^ri,  tibiis  intermediis  subdila- 
tatis,  tar.sis  omnibus  obscure  rufis,  metatarso  postico  nii,'ro,  valde  i  i<;ra8- 
ftato. 

Legs  black;  middle  tibisR  a  little  enlarged  ;  all  the  tarsi  d.uk  red,  the  first 
joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  black  and  very  much  swollen.  Long.  corp.  Ü.18. 
Long.  al.  0.17. 

Very  similar  to  Ochth.  mantis,  but  its  face  is  considerably  nar- 
rower in  its  upper  part,  and  the  elevation  in  the  middle  of  it  forma 
more  distinctly  a  small  double  knob.  The  middle  tibiixi  are  broader, 
on  their  outer  edge  sharp. er,  and  polished  on  a  great  jrnrt  of  its 
anterior  side;  the  knees  of  the  hind  legs  and  all  the  tarsi  brown- 
ish-red, the  last  joint  of  the  latter  more  brownish;  the  ürst  joint  of 
tbe  hindmost  tarsi  black,  much  swollen. 

Hab.  Illinois.     ( Schaum.) 
U 


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M- 


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■M, 

P' ' ; 

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■^y 

m 

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Iß2 


DIPTEKA  OF  NdUTII  AMKIUCA. 


m 

My 

1     Siyy     •• 


m. ' 


■t. ' ..  • 


.'•;^l«.j•, 

■■':,«/ 


1  5, 


4.  O.  rapax  Lof.w.  %  . — INmIoh  ni.m'i,  tiliiis  intorniodii.s  sub^liliitntis, 
tarsorum  intormeilioriimbasi  rufil,  nmtatarso  pontifo  vnlde  iiicrnnsato. 

Logs  l)lack,  iiii'Mlc  tiliia;  a  liftlo  cMlargciI,  midiUi'  tarsi  rcil  ;\t  tlii'  liasc, 
first  Joint  ot'  tlm  liiml  tarsi  inucli  -^vollon.  Long.  corp.  (t.lü.  Long.  al. 
(1.17. 

Yory  similar  to  Oclilh,  tiiliercuhttn  in  tlio  form  of  tlio  icfjs,  only 
tlio  iiiiildlc  tibiu!  arc  of  a  loss  equal  breadth,  bill  buconic  st-nsibiy 
broader  towards  their  end.  It  is  also  very  easily  distinf^uished 
from  Oclith.  tuhercuhito  by  its  broader  and  shorter  face  showing 
only  an  exceedingly  flat  elevation  in  the  middle.  Legs  entirely 
black,  only  at  the  base  of  the  lirst  joint  of  the  middle  tarsi  there 
is  a  slight  red  tinge;  the  first  joint  of  the  hindmost  tarsi  is  still  a 
little  shorter  and  thicker  than  in  Odilh.  nitintis.  The  wings  have 
rather  a  more  distinct  blackish-gray  clouding  than  in  the  other 
species.  It  differs  fi'om  Oc/dh.  mantis  by  its  shorter  face,  the  flat- 
ter elevr.tion  in  the  middle  of  it,  and  the  much  shorter  and  thicker 
basal  joint  of  its  posterior  tarsi. 

Hub.  Carolina.     (Ziinmermann.) 

Oon.  IL    URiCIIYDELTERA  Lokw. 

Eyes  naked,  proportionately  rather  largo.  Front  exceedingly 
liroiid.  Second  joint  of  the  aiitcnnai  not  unguicnlatcd,  as  large 
as  the  third,  the  latter  rounded  ;  antennal  bristle  with  unusually 
long  rays.  Upper  part  of  the  face  deeply  impressed  on  both  sides, 
and  with  a  keel,  resembliijg  a  nose,  in  the  middle;  the  lower  part 
of  it  is  very  prominent.  The  anterior  end  of  the  oral  margin  very 
much  ascending  and  allowing  the  convex  clypcus  to  appear.  Be- 
sides, the  whole  face  is  quite  bare,  with  the  cheeks  descending 
but  very  little  beneath  the  eyes.  Legs  quite  bare,  rather  slender 
and  long;  anterior  tarsi  elongated  and  exceedingly  slender;  claws 
small  and  delicate,  pulvilli  rather  indistinct.  Costal  vein  of  the 
wing  reaching  oidy  to  the  tip  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein ;  second 
longitudinal  vein  exceedingly  short  and  curved  towards  the  costa 
like  an  arch,  so  that  the  third  segment  of  the  costa  is  several  times 
longer  than  the  second;  the  small  transverse  vein  is  unusually  dis- 
tant from  the  l)ase  of  the  wing;  the  posterior  transverse  vein  is  at 
a  little  distance  fron)  the  border  of  the  wing  and  has  a  nearly  pcr- 
pendicnlar  position;  the  last  segment  of  the  t'uurtb  iougitudinal 
vein  is  mach  attenuated. 


/til!. 


TIRACHVKKI'TPIIA. 


K.:? 


1.   n.  diiiiidiata  I-oi:w.     9- — t^uptTius  bmniioa,  iufoHus  tota  can- 
did». 

On  tlio  upper  siili«  lirown,  on  tho  whole  under  BiMo  vvliit«.     Long.  corp. 
(i.i:?— 0.14.     Lonu.  al.  0.14—17. 


Diirk  brown  mid  entirely  opnfine  on  tin  whole  upper  side.  In 
well  preserved  speeiniens  there  are,  on  the  uppiT  side  of  the  thorn x, 
two  soniewhiit  grnyish-brown,  approximate. i,  loni^'itndiiial  lines, 
which  commence  at  the  anterior  end  of  the  thorax  and  stop  before 
reaehin«?  the  posterior  end;  between  ihein  there  is  the  trace  of  a 
fmo  pale  middle  line,  which  becomes  more  distinct  at  the  posterior 
end  of  the  thorax  and  is  continued  throuj^h  the  scntellnm;  there 
are  besides  two  other  loii;;'itndiiial  lines,  which,  beiiif:^  nearer  the 
lateral  border  and  interrupted  in  the  neij^hborhood  of  the  suture, 
are  not  truncated  posteriorly  and  continnc  in  iistinctly  on  the  lateral 
borders  of  the  scutcllum.  Some  specimens  show  very  faint  traces 
of  these  markings  of  the  thorax.  The  keel,  reseniblinji;  a  nose,  on 
tho  upper  part  of  the  face  is  dark  brown  ;  the  remainder  of  the 
face  together  with  the  clweks,  and  the  inferior  half  of  the  occiput, 
breast,  iuid  pleura»,  as  well  as  the  part  of  the  upper  abdominal 
plates  which  are  much  turned  downwards,  are  almost  silvery  white; 
this  color  on  the  last  abdominal  segments  ascends  a  little  to  the 
upper  side  of  the  posterior  borders.  Legs  in  well-colored  indi- 
viduals  bliiekish-brown,  only  the  apical  third  of  the  femora  and  the 
first  half  of  the  posterior  tibiic  being  more  or  less  reddish-brown; 
in  less  distinctly  colored  siiecinicns  often  only  the  ti])s  of  the  tibi« 
and  the  tarsi  are  blackish-brown,  all  the  remainder  being  brownisli- 
yellow.  Wings  hyaline  with  brownish-black  veins,  sometimes  more 
clouded  with  grayish  in  the  neighborhood  of  tho  costa ;  the  third 
segment  of  the  costa  is  twice  and  a  half  or  three  times  longer  thao 
the  second. 

Hah.  Washington.    (Osten-Sacken.) 

Observation. — A  female  sent  by  Poey  from  Cuba  differs  from 
those  received  from  l>aron  Osten-Sacken  by  its  brown  wing-veins 
and  clay-yellow  legs,  the  tarsi  only  being  of  a  dark-brown  color; 
but  it  is  only  a  paler  colored  s})ecimen  of  Jiruchj^d.  dimidiata, 
which  became  htiil  jialer  in  the  cunrsc  of  time. 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
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Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  M580 

(716)  872-4503 


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164 


PIITKUA  ill    NimTU  AMERtCA. 


Oen.  IIF.     PiKYDRA  Stenh. 


U'^-:W 


Form  of  tlie  body  short  and  stout.  Thorax  and  sculcllum  very 
convex  Front  very  broad.  Antennal  bristle  on  the  upper  side 
with  a  sliort  pnbeseenec,  whieli  in  some  speeics  is  dillicult  to 
perceive  ;  bare  towards  the  end.  Face  very  broad,  not  so  much 
vaulted  as  in  the  true  Epinidnr,  but  with  a  convexity  descending 
more  olilifpiely,  on  eaeli  side  willi  a  very  cliaracteristic,  long,  curved, 
hair-liivc  bristle,  l)eneath  whieli  are  some  shorter  hairs,  hardly  per- 
ceptiltle  in  some  species,  ('iyi)eus  prominent.  Cheeks  deseend- 
inir  l)eneath  the  eyes.  Tiateral  borders  of  the  mouth  (juite  bare. 
Mentuni  exceedingly  thickened.  Legs  short  and  rather  clumsy. 
The  small  transverse  vein  of  the  wings  is  behind  the  middle  of 
the  discoidal  cell,  eonsefpuütly  proportionately  far  from  the  base 
of  the  wing  ;  the  posterior  transverse  vein  is  not  very  near  the 
border  of  the  wing,  and  hii-:  a  more  or  less  oblique  pcsition  ;  the 
alula  is  strikinuly  large. 

The  species  cf  this  genus  may  be  divided  into  two  sections,  the 
first  of  which  comprises  thickly  hairy  s[)ccies  with  very  convex  faces. 
In  North  America  only  naked  species,  belonging  to  the  second 
section,  have  been  as  yet  discovered  ;  they  are  very  similar  to  the 
European  species  of  this  section  ;  however,  they  apj)ear  to  have 
more  plastic  diderenees  than  these,  and  to  be  consequently  more 
easily  distinguisluid  from  each  other.  This  can  be  said  at  least  of 
the  four  species  known  to  me,  none  of  which  is  provided  with  the 
small  appendage  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  distinguishing 
some  of  the  European  species. 


Sijnnpsls  of  the  Species,* 


,  /  Scutellum  witli  conical  warts. 

I  Hciiti'Uuni  witlitnit  conicai  warts. 
.,  (  ^cutollum  with  two  wart.s. 

t  Scutellum  with  four  wares, 
o  f  l"'ace  nearly  perpondioular. 

I  l''ace  descending  obliquely. 


2 

3 

1  bituberculata,  n.  «p. 

2  quadrituberculata,  n.  .'^p. 

3  breviceps,  n.  sp. 

4  paullula,  n.  sp. 


*  Tlie  species  No.  5  has  not  heen  included  in  this  synopsif. — 0.  S. 


PARYDRA. 


165 


1.  P.  bifiibercillata  Lokw.  %  and  9  — I'-x  bruimoo  mni'scfMis, 
ali.s  cinereo-hyaliiiiä,  veuid  trnuävuisis  nigij-liiubatis,  scutello  bituber- 
culato. 

Brassy-brown,  wings  grayish  with  blat-k  margins  of  the  transverse  veins  ; 
scutellum  with  two  warts.     Long.  torp.  0.17 — 0.18.     Lung.  al.  (MT. 

Very  similar  to  Parydra  iniiiilii  Full,  in  sizo,  form,  imd  color. 
Face  proportionally  not  vciy  prominent,  dusted  witli  Itrown  ;  the 
characteri.stic  bristle  on  cacli  side  proportionally  slender  ;  npwards 
near  it,  but  a  little  more  townrds  the  niidille  of  the  face,  is  a  rather 
distinct,  impressed  spot;  the  shorter  hairs  inserted  beneath  it  are 
hardly  ])erceptible.  Orljita*  and  cheeks  very  broad  ;  clypeus  very 
prominent.  Antcnnaj  black  ;  antennal  bristle  hair-like  and  bare 
towards  the  end,  stouter  about  the  middle,  and  with  a  short  pubes- 
cence on  the  upper  side.  Upper  side  of  tin;  thorax  with  rather 
indistinct  stripes;  the  rows  of  fine  punctures,  inclndinji;  the  strii>es, 
a  little  more  distinct  than  in  the  other  species.  Sciitelhnn  at  the 
tip  with  two  not  approximated  warts,  bearinj?  at  the  end  the  two 
usual  small  bristles  of  the  scutellum.  Le^^s  dark,  with  only  the 
tarsi  usually  red  with  lilnck  tips  ;  there  are  individuals  with  much 
darker  tarsi ;  the  white  reOeclion  at  the  l)ase  and  tip  of  the  til)ia' 
not  very  striking.  Wings  clouded  with  grayish,  having  brownish- 
black  veins  and  black  margins  of  the  transverse  veins,  in  the 
neighborhood  of  which  the  surface  of  the  wings  is  more  distinctly 
hyaline  ;  the  second  segment  of  the  costa  is  nearly  twice  as  long 
as  the  third  ;  the  ends  of  the  third  and  fourth  iongitudiinil  veins 
parallel.  There  are  some  specimens,  the  faces  of  which  are  dust^^d 
with  dull  whitish  ;  but  these  certaiidy  belong  to  the  same  species. 

Hab.  Middle  States.    (Osten-Sacken.) 


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2.  p.  quadritllbercillata  Lokw.  ^  an-l  9 .- -Nigro-.rnea,  alls 
hyalinis,  veuis  transversis  intenlinu  nigro-liuibatis,  scutello  (juadritu- 
berculato. 

Brassy-black,  wings  hyaline,  transverse  veins  sometimes  niargiiie<l  witl» 
blackish  ;  scutellum  with  four  warts.    Long.  corp.  0.17.    Long,  al.  0.17. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species  in  color,  but  a  little  blacker, 
not  quite  equalling  it  in  size.  Face  generally  dusted  with  vhite, 
the  dust  less  frequently  quite  yellowish  on  the  upper  part ;  the 
under  part  of  the  face  projects  somewhat  less  than  in  Pitnjilrn  hitu- 
berculata;  the  characteristic  bristle  on  each  side  is  very  slender  and 


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lUl'TKltA  ».F  NoKTIi  AMKKICA. 


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rutlipr  short;  no  impressed  spot  in  its  nei^^liborliood  ;  tlic  sliort 
small  hairs  beneath  it  are  scarcely  visible  ;  eye-riiijrs  and  cliceks 
veiy  l)r()ad,  bnt  the  latter  a  little  narrower  than  in  Pciri/(fr.  bltu- 
bcrriifdfd.  Antennie  black  ;  the  bristle  towards  its  end  excessively 
slender,  beini;  stonter  to  about  its  middle,  and  ])rovided  «)n  its 
upi)er  side  with  a  hardly  distinpnishoblc  pul)escence.  Thorax 
rather  Indistinctly  strijied  ;  the  two  longitudinal  lines  formed  by 
fine  scarcely  visible  i>unctnrcs.  Scutellum  on  its  tip  with  two  very 
approximated  conical  warts,  on  the  tips  of  which  arc  the  tw(»  small 
bristles  usually  inserted  at  the  end  of  the  scutellum  ;  on  each  side 
there  is  a  similar  tubercle,  ending  likewise  in  a  snndl  bristle.  Tibito 
and  tarsi  usually  brownish-red,  with  blackened  tips  ;  but  there  are 
specimens  with  the  tibia;  cpiite  black  and  the  tarsi  brown  only  at 
the  base,  the  remainder  being  (jnite  black  ;  only  in  recently  devel- 
oped specimens  the  anterior  side  of  the  til)iie  is  dusted  with  white 
on  their  whole  length )  this  white  dust  is  generally  interrupted 
behind  the  middle  of  the  tibia».  Wings  proportionally  a  little 
longer  than  in  the  other  species ;  the  second  segment  of  the  costa 
is  about  one-half  longer  than  the  third;  the  last  segment  of  the 
fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  unusually  long,  showing  the  trace  of  a 
slight  convergency  towards  the  third  longitudinal  vein ;  the  liflh 
longitudinal  vein  is  truncated  immediately  behind  the  posterior 
transverse  vein  ;  otherwise  the  wings  are  hyaline  with  a  very  faint 
grayish  tinge  ;  the  veins  are  brownish-black  as  far  as  the  base,  or 
freiiuently  brown  or  brownish-yellow  in  the  neighboriiood  of  the 
base;  sometimes  this  brownish-yellow  color  on  the  costal  vein  ex- 
tends to  far  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing ;  the  transverse  veins 
in  most  specimens  are  not  margined,  or  show  only  a  trace  of  black- 
ish-gray clouding ;  but  sometimes  they  have  rather  broad  blackish 
margins,  the  surface  of  the  wing  being  clearer  in  their  neighl)orhood ; 
these  margins  are  found  particularly  in  specimens  which  have  a 
blacker  coloration  and  almost  entirely  black  legs.  The  deviations 
are  more  remarkable  than  those  occurring  in  the  other  species  of 
Parifdru;  but  there  arc  various  transitions  between  them,  which 
make  it  improbable  that  there  is  more  than  one  species. 
Hub.  Middle  States.   (Osteu-Sackeu.) 


I'AKYltUA. 


167 


3«  P.  lirevicepH  L<>k\v.  5. — Nigro-.-unea,  faciosubperiiendiculari.scu- 
tello  luuticu,  veiiis  .ilariini  transviu'sis  obsuuii'  liiiiliali;). 

Blackish-aeneous,  faio  ratlu-r  luTpciKlicular,  scuti'lliiiu  without  warts; 
transverse  veins  of  the  wing  margined  with  obscure.  Long,  corji.  c.ltJ. 
Long.  al.  U.ltj. 

IJIai'kisli-aencous.  I-'nce  dusted  witli  Itrown,  loss  projoctiiif; 
than  in  any  otluT  Purydra  known  to  nio,  consc(iueiitly  almost 
quite  pcrpendiciilar.  Orbita'  excessively  narrow  ;  the  characteris- 
tic small  bristle  on  each  side  of  the  face  is  of  moderate  length  and 
rutlier  slender;  beneath  it  there  are  a  few  shorter  distinctly  visible 
hairs.  C'lypeus  very  narrow;  checks  broad.  Anteiiiiie  black; 
the  bristle  rather  slender  even  at  its  basal  half,  hair-like  towards 
its  end,  with  a  short  but  distinct  pubescence  on  its  upper  side 
reaching  beyond  the  middle.  Thorax  rather  indistinctly  striped  ; 
scutellnni  without  tubercles,  as  is  the  ease  in  the  Europear»  species. 
Femora  black.  Tibiic  reddish-brown,  with  a  little  white  reflection 
at  the  base  and  tip,  but  in  the  specimen  now  before  me  it  is  too 
rubbed  oft'  to  alford  any  certainty  about  its  extent  and  nature. 
Abdomen  rather  shining,  almost  with  a  ban.^  of  whitish-gray  hoar 
on  the  posterior  border  of  each  segment.  Wings  rather  tinged 
with  grayish,  having  blackish  margins  on  the  transverse  veins,  the 
surface  of  the  wings  being  more  hyaline  in  their  neighl)orhood. 
The  second  longitudinal  vein  is  consideral)ly  shorter  tlian  in  the 
two  preceding  species,  in  consequence  of  which  the  second  segment 
of  the  Costa  is  but  little  longer  than  the  third  ;  the  ends  of  the 
third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  are  purallel ;  the  fifth  longitu- 
dinal vein  curves  a  little  posteriorly  at  the  second  half  of  the  dis- 
<!oidal  cell. 

Huh.  Middle  t?tatcs.   (Osten -Sacken.) 

4>  P.  pailllllla  LoEW.  } . — Ouiuium  minuti.'^sima,  facio  proclivi, 
genis  augustis. 

Vtry  small ;  face  projecting  obli(|ueIy,  cheeks  very  narrow.  Long.  corp. 
O.ÜÜ— (I.U7.     Long.  al.  O.tttJ— O.OT. 

A  very  small  species,  of  which  I  have  only  a  single  somewhat 
immature  specimen,  so  that  I  am  unable  to  say  more  of  its  colors 
than  that  they  appear  to  differ  little  from  those  of  the  other  species. 
Face  descending  obliquely,  and  therefore  rather  projecting  with 
its  lower  parts ;  the  characteristic  bristle  on  each  side  rather  long 


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and  unusually  near  tlie  herder  of  the  mouth,  ('lyi)cns  and  cheeks 
excessively  nanow.  Antennic  black,  the  bristle  with  fine  pubes- 
cence to  beyond  the  middle.  Scutellum  without  marginal  tuber- 
cles;  t(ie  two  small  bristles  on  its  tip  rather  distant  from  each 
other.  Win<rs  in  better  colored  individuals  undoubtedly  with  ntuch 
gray  clouding  and  blackish  margins  of  the  transverse  veins,  in  the 
neighborhoud  of  which  the  surface  of  the  wings  is  more  glos.sy; 
the  second  segment  of  the  costa  is  oidy  a  (il'th  longer  than  the 
third  ;  the  ends  of  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  with  a 
trace  of  a  slight  divergency  ;  the  liflh  longitudinal  vein  extends  to 
the  border  of  the  wing. 

This  species  is  very  similar  to  Purydra  pnsilla  Meig. 


A.  P.  abbreviata  LoRw.  %.  (Translated  from  Borl.  Entom.  Zeitschr. 
18(jl,  p.  I';')?,  by  R.  Osten-Sacken.) — Minuta,  aiitcnniti  tibiis(jiit!  ferru- 
ginei-i :  aire  infuscat«?  guttis  ali<iiiot  liyalinis  distiiiftissimis  oriiatnp, 
.  •gnit'iito  co.st.-B  tertio  setuudi  longitudinem  paulo  excedeute,  venia  lon- 
gitiiilinalibus  tertiä  et  quarts  distincte  divergentibus. 

Small,  aiiteniL-E  and  tibise  ferruginou.s ;  wings  infuscated,  with  .several 
liyaline,  very  distinct  dots,  third  segment  of  the  costa  somewhat  exceed- 
ing the  second  in  length,  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  distinctly 
diverging.     Long.  corp.  0.07.     Long.  al.  0.(i7. 

Olivaceous.  Antennae  obscure  ferruginous,  the  two  first  seg- 
ments and  the  upper  edge  of  the  third,  black  ;  the  whole  bristle 
has  a  short  pubescence  above.  Face  moderately  sloping,  the  or- 
dinary bristle  on  each  side  is  not  more  approximated  to  the  peri- 
stoma than  in  most  of  the  congeners.  Cheeks  narrow.  Scutellum 
not  tuberculated.  Legs  black,  knees,  tibiai  and  base  of  tarsi  fer- 
ruginous ;  the  whitish  pollen,  generally  extant  on  the  tlbiie  of  the 
allied  species,  is  wanting  here.  Wings  rather  short,  distinctly 
infuscated,  marked  with  seven  rather  large  hyaline  spots ;  second 
longitudinal  vein  with  a  very  short,  hardly  perceptible  appendage  ; 
third  and  fourth  veins  diverging  near  the  apex ;  second  costal 
segment  almost  equal  in  length  to  the  third. 

Hub.  reunsylvauia.    (Osten-Sackeu.) 


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Fl'IIYPUA. 


Oen.  IV.    EPH Y »RA  Fall, 


10)9 


Tlie  liniry,  exceedinfrly  voiilted,  and  very  projecting:  face,  the 
very  larjre  openinfij  of  tlie  mouth  with  ciliated  border,  tlie  con- 
cealed clypens,  the  nearly  straijrht  and  rather  lon{?  claws,  and 
the  indistinct  pulvilli,  characterize  the  penus  Kph\jdra.  The  bris- 
tle of  the  antennsc  is  usually  pubescent,  soineliiiies  almost  pecti- 
nated with  short  rays.  The  jrcnera  nearest  related  t<»  Ephi/tlm 
are  Cania  and  SrnteUa,  the  claws  of  which  are  curved  and  the 
pulvilli  distinct.  The  {^enus  Tlrhoinyzd  is  not  so  near  to  the  «renus 
Kphi'ilra  and  may  be  easily  distinguished  from  it  by  its  unusually 
large  ])ulvilli. 


1.  E.  atl'O-vireils  IjOKW.  %  and  p. — Obscure  viridis,  nitida  brun- 
neo-pollinosa,  anteniiarum  articulo  tertio  uniidli,  setil  brevissinie  pube- 
rulil;  %  quinto  abdominis  segnieiito  prajcedente  bro/iore,  liyj)opygio 
brevi,  tuargineni  segineuti  quarti  posteriorem  non  attingeutu. 

Dark  green,  glossy,  dusted  with  l)rown ;  third  joint  of  the  antenna;  with  a 
liair,  the  terminal  bristle  with  very  short  pubescence;  %,  liftli  ?:egment 
of  the  abdomen  shorter  than  the  fourth,  liypopygium  short,  not  reach- 
ing the  posterior  border  of  tlie  fourth  ventral  segment.  Long  corp.  0.17 
—0.18.     Long.  al.  0.17—0.18. 

E.xceedingly  similar  to  the  European  Ephydra  micans  Ilal.,  so 
that  I  am  unable  to  distinguish  the  female  of  the  two  sjjecies,  but 
the  much  shorter  hypopygiura  of  the  male  characterizes  the  sjjecies 
as  a  distinct  one.  Dark  metallic  green,  very  shining,  but  with 
brown  hoar  on  the  front,  thorax,  and  abdomen,  which,  distinctly 
appearing  on  an  oblique  inspection  of  these  parts  of  the  body, 
makes  them  appear  brown  and  opaqne ;  this  brown  color  is  least 
visible  on  the  abdomen.  Antenna)  black  ;  third  joint  on  its  outer 
Bide  near  the  base  with  a  single  bristle-shaped  hair,  wliich  is  longer 
than  the  joint  itself;  antennal  bristle  oidy  with  very  short  pul)es- 
cence.  The  front  and  the  sloping  space  extended  between  the 
antenna'  and  the  highest  elevation  of  the  face  are  shining  green  or 
bluish-green.  Face  dusted  with  white,  which,  according  to  the 
observations  made  in  the  allied  species,  may  not  be  a  constant 
marking;  border  of  the  r'outh  in  both  sexes  with  short  and  rather 
fine  cilia,  quite  as  in  Ephydr.  micans  Ilal.  The  ground  color  of 
the  legs  i.'i  greenish-black,  covered  with  dust,  shining  blackish- 
green  on  the  rubbed  parts.     AVings  clouded  with  blackish-gray. 

Hah.  Middle  States.     (Osten-Sacken.) 


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170 


11IPTEUA  OF  N(»UTH  A.MKIlKm. 


Oou.  V.    NCATi^M.A  Hon.  Desv. 

This  gpiins  contains  only  smaller  and  generally  not  niclallic 
species.  Front  and  luce  very  broad  ;  eyes  rounded  ;  face  usually 
very  convex,  hairy  and  bristled  ;  border  of  the  mouth  ciliated  ; 
opening  uf  the  mouth  wide;  clypeus  concealed;  cheeks  nioderat-jly 
broad;  mentuni  swollen.  Second  joint  of  the  antcnn:e  not  ungui« 
culated  ;  antennal  bristle  with  line,  usually  very  short  i)ubesceiicc. 
Claws  curved,  pulvilli  distinct.  Costal  vein  of  tho  wings  reaching 
to  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  small  transverse 
vein  generally  almost  exactly  beneath  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudi- 
nal vein;  the  posterior  transverse  vein  not  apjiroacliing  the  border 
of  the  wing.  The  nearest  genus  is  Catnia,  dilfering,  however,  from 
Scdtc/la  by  tho  pectinated  bristle  of  its  antennie. 


m- 


1.  S.  favillacea  Loew.    9. — Cinerea,  facio  alld,  alis  cinereo-hyalinis, 
obsoleto  (luadriguttatis. 

Ashy-fjray;  fac9  white;  winps  grayii^h-liyalino  with  four  indistinct  clear 
drops.     Long.  corp.  0.12 — 0.13.     Lour;,  al.  0.13. 

This  si>ccies  resembles  most  the  I'^uropean  S.  sorbilhins  Hal., 
which  is  identical  with  S.  argtjrostoma  Stenh.,  but  ditfers  from  it 
by  its  more  considerable  size,  more  roughly  haired  face  and  gray 
color  of  the  dust  on  the  posterior  part  of  tho  cheeks,  on  the  infe- 
rior part  of  the  occiput,  on  the  pleuraj  and  under  side  of  the  abdo- 
men, on  all  which  parts  it  is  whitish  in  that  species;  S.  facilldcea 
wants  also  the  clear  drop  lying  beyond  the  posterior  transverse 
vein  in  S,  arf/yrostoma.  The  upper  side  of  the  whole  body  is 
covered  with  grayish-brown  dust,  which  on  the  middle  of  the  tho- 
rax and  on  the  scutellum  does  not  conceal  the  shining  of  the  ground 
color ;  the  large  spot  lying  on  the  middle  of  the  front  is  shining 
greenish.  Face  very  convex,  dusted  with  snowy  white,  with  rather 
rough  hair  and  the  usual  row  of  curved  upwards  bristles.  Open- 
ing of  the  mouth  wide,  with  distinct  black  cilia  on  the  borders. 
Antennae  black ;  the  pubescence  of  the  bristle  is  a  little  longer 
and  more  distinct  than  in  most  species  of  this  genus.  Upper  side 
of  the  thorax  not  distinctly  strii)ed.  Plerrt«  dusted  with  yellowish- 
gray,  on  their  superior  border  with  rather  brown  dust.  Under 
side  of  the  abdomen,  femora,  and  upper  side  of  ihe  tibia;  with  gray 
dust.  AVings  clouded  with  grayish,  having  black  veins ;  of  the 
five  clear  drops,  peculiar  to  so  many  species  of  this  genus,  that 


' 


...v 


SCATELLA. 


ITI 


lyinjf  Ix'yoiid  tlio  posterior  truiisvcrso  vein  is  entirely  wniitinp,  and 
tlie  reiimiiiiiijf  iire  niMier  itidistiiu't  ;  the  second  se<rnient  of  tlie 
Costa  is  lit  least  four  times  as  loiiir  as  the  third;  the  third  und  fourth 
lonpltudiiial  veins  arc  parallel  towards  their  ends. 
J/uli.   Middle  States.     (Osteii-Sueken.) 


•♦..C". 

N- 


9.  ><.  lllKOilH  LoKW.      %  and  9. — Ni;,'ra ;  ala' Ili^'l■iL^1l)t^>s,  guttis  liyali- 
iiis  i|iiiiiiiiie  ill  disco  <lualnisc[UO  olisoletioribus  in  aiiiuo  piula;. 

Ulaik  ;  wiiiu's  hlackish  witli  fivo  clear  drops  in  tlio  niiddlc  and  two  more 
indistinct  ones  towards  the  tip.     Long.  corp.  ('.11.     Long.  al.  O.l;!. 

It  dillers  from  the  Kuropean  Scat,  staipidlls  only  hy  somewhat 
more  acute  winjrs,  its  somewhat  less  convex  face,  and  the  stripes 
of  the  tl'orax  beinp;  a  little  more  distinct ;  perhaps  on  cxamininf^ 
a  larger  numher  of  specimens  it  may  prove  to  be  only  a  variety 
of  it.  Black  ;  face  with  Ijrownish-gray  dust,  rather  convex,  only 
a  little  impressed  beneath  each  antenna,  hairy  and  bristled,  with 
distinct  black  cilia  on  the  border  of  the  mouth.  Antenniu  black  ; 
the  bristle  with  an  excessively  short,  but  yet  distinct  i)ul)escence. 
Cheeks  exceedingly  narrow.  Front  dusted  with  grayish-brown, 
the  spot  on  the  middle  of  it  a  little  glittering.  Upper  side  of  the 
thorax  likewise  dusted  with  brown,  but  not  without  all  gloss,  with 
two  distinct  whitish-gray  longitudinal  stripes,  but  little  distant 
from  each  other  and  beginning  on  the  anterior  border,  but  not 
reaching  nearly  to  the  posterior  border ;  besides  there  are  two 
short  lateral  stripes  of  the  same  color,  beginning  at  the  shoulder- 
corner.  Scutcllum  of  the  color  of  the  tipper  side  of  the  thorax, 
only  a  little  more  glossy.  Abdomen  black,  rather  glossy  towards 
the  end  :  the  fifth  abdominal  segment  of  the  male  is  almost  twice 
as  long  as  the  fourth.  Legs  entirely  black.  Wings  clouded  with 
black,  having  five  glassy  drops  on  the  middle,  in  the  nsual  position ; 
besides  there  is  an  obsolete  spot,  forming  an  indistinct  clear  droj) 
near  the  border  of  the  wing  between  the  tip  of  the  second  and 
third  longitudinal  veins,  and  another  still  less  perceptible  spot  in 
the  cloudy  color  beyond  the  tip  of  the  third  lougiiudiual  vein. 

Hah.  Middle  States.     (Osten-Sackeu). 


:.;v 


,  ; 

:,■■» 

vi-- 

' ;  ■.!> 

•".,■'■ 

■  T 

'•».''•' 

■■•  'r' 

"M 

''^  '  V; 

••  »■ 

■;  -t 

M 

•r 

m 

k*  ' 

.«■'■1 

h-. 

■;V 

, , ., 

i 


T<m^  I 


m 

y  ■ 
f 

i! 


Ui 


-    xy 


172 


DIPTERA  OF  NOUTII  AMERICA. 


:i.  S,  ObHolrtn  Lokw.  9  .  (Tmnslatfil  from  HitI.  Kntom.  Zeitschr.  1801, 
|).  y.^S,  \>y  R.  Ostfii-tiackfii.) — Opaca,  cajpito  toto,  mutt-llo  iilcuiis(jut)  ex 
llavo,  in'itoic  I't  iilMloniiii«  t-x  caiio  uiiien  is,  aiili'imis  i)('(lilm>(|ui)  ni^iis  ; 
ahc  hyuliiiip,  dilute  uinurascuiitus,gutti.s  liiupidiuribus  (luiiitjuu  ubHoletiä- 
Kiinis. 

Opncjii«,  tliH  wholti  li(«nil,  scutellum  and  ])li'urfn  ytdlowiHli-oiinTeous,  poctu« 
and  alHloiiieii  hoary-uiiuTcous,  aiitfinia!  and  ft-et  Mack  ;  wiiig>>  hyaliim, 
with  a  j>alo  uiiifrcous  tinge;  five  almost  obsolete  clear  spots.  Long, 
üorp.  0.07.     Long.  al.  O.dS). 

Ilcnd  altoj^ctlier  yellowi.sh-ciiit'fcona,  untcnmt'  black,  face  very 
vaulted,*  peristoma  ciliateil  with  moderate  iiairs.  Thorax  coiico- 
lorous  with  the  head,  pectus  sultglaucons.  Scutellum  yellowish- 
cinereou.s.  Abdomen  hoary-cinereous,  subglaucous,  o]ia(pie.  Legs 
altogether  black,  slightly  pollinose  with  white.  Ilaltercs  impure 
yellow,  stem  browi..  Wings  hyaline,  tinged  with  very  pale  cine- 
reous, marked  with  live  clear  very  obsolete  spots  ;  transver.se  veins 
not  infuseated  ;  second  costal  segment  more  than  thrice  longer 
than  the  third. 

Hub.  Washington.    (Osten-Sacken.) 


''■}'"V-^-'.' 


l:t{M: 


.;;:••)< 


M. 


*  The  original  has  fornicatus,  which  means  forming  a  rounded  arch  with 
an  empty  space  below. — 0.  S. 


■      .{    UV.!' 


V. 


w 

m 

I?' 


ON  THE  NORTH  AMKUICAN  CKCIDOMYIDAE. 

BY  BAUON  R.  OSTKX-SACKKN. 

It  is  a  pcculinrity  of  tlio  fiimily  of  i'vciihnnnuhp  that  its  natural 
history  has  always  been  stiidiod  in  chjso  cnniicction  with  its  («hissi- 
fication.  This  is  owiiif?  chiclly  to  tlic  fact  that  fhc  tjall,  tlic  |>r(Mliice 
of  the  insect  in  its  lirst  stnfre  of  life,  is  «rciionilly  a  more  striking 
object  in  nature  tlian  the  insect  itself.  The  latter  small,  tiny,  dif- 
ficult  to  preserve  on  account  of  their  extreme  delicacy,  still  more 
dillicult  to  distiiif^uish  from  their  con^feners  on  account  of  the  uni- 
formity of  their  ap|)earancc  and  colorin<r,  would  afford  a  very  un- 
satisfactory object  of  study,  nidcss  in  connection  with  the  varied 
deforniiitions  which  their  larvae  jjroducc  on  plants.  'I'he  study  of 
this  family,  different  in  this  respect  from  most  of  the  other  lamilics 
of  insects,  cannot  be  prosecuted  apart  from  the  observation  of  living 
nature,  and  for  this  very  reason  will  always  lie  a  monopoly  of  the 
naturalist  so  situated  as  to  afford  such  observations. 

The  aim  of  the  present  paper  is  to  direct  the  attention  of 
American  entomologists  to  this  most  interesting  suliject,  by  giving 
an  account  of  the  observations  already  made  on  the  Xortli  Ameri- 
can Crci({ai)iiji(!<p,  as  well  as  a  general  introduction  to  the  study  of 
the  liabits  and  the  classifier  lion  of  this  family.  The  latter  has  been 
e.Ntrocted  chiefly  from  the  two  following  admirable  monographs: — 

LoEW.  Or.  II.  Piptoroldcri.-clio  Beitriitro,  Part  fourtli,  Posen.  T^fjO,  with  a 
plate.     (Coiitiiins  a  iiioiioiiraiih  of  tlic  Kiiiopfan  <  'i  liilinnijiilr.) 

WiNNKKTZ,  .1.  Bi'itrag  /.u  ciii'  r  Motioirraiiliiu  der  (ialliiui<k.'ti.  In  the  Lin- 
na'a  entomologica,  V'<1.  VIII,  Berlin,  Isöß,  wiiii  four  t  late.s. 

I,    On  (lie  classification  of  the  CEClDOMYlDiE. 

In  the  sketch  of  a  systematical  distribution  of  the  Diptera,  given 
by  Prof.  II,  Loew  in  this  volume,  he  has  mentioned  the  diflticulties 
attending  a  sharp  definition  of  this  family,  and  has  shown  that  it 
may  be  naturally  divided  in  two  seeiions. 

The  species  embraced  in  the  first  section,  which  he  calls  Cecido- 
myina,  have  four  longitudinal  veins  on  the  wings,  the  last  two  of 


J.'' 


M 

■-.••ij. 


ft  .i-. 
.'45 'J 

I: 


•I  .^ ' 


-.4 


P 

m 

■  f  'mki 

'■■h"'.'^v  i 


I'J: 


f 


174 


niPTEiiA  OK  Nftnrir  AMKnicA. 


wliicli  often  conlcscp  in  the  Itc^rimiiiip  of  tlicir  coiirso,  formiii^r  n 
more  or  Iosm  distinct  fork.  'I'licy  liiivo  no  ooi-lli,  nncl  tlio  first  joint 
of  tlicir  tarsi  is  nincli  sliortcni'd. 

TIk!  second  section,  wliidi  Prof.  Tioew  calls  AiudcIIiki,  lias  one 
Ioi\f,'itndinal  vein  more,  wliicli  is  inserted  lietween  the  second  and 
tliiril  veins  of  the  lirst  section;  this  supplementary  vein  is  simple 
in  ('<ii)i/)>/fi>>ni/:a  nnd  fnrcate  in  all  the  other  frenera.  The  first 
tarsal  jrtint  is  not  shortened,  and  in  all  the  jrenerii,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Vvcliloijoiiif,  there  are  distinct  ocelli. 


The  first  section,  which  contains  all  the  gall-prodiiciiiü;  (\'cii/<>- 
nn/iikc  ut  jjrescnt  known,  comprises  two  p;enern  of  Meij^eii  and  a 
third  j^eiius,  discovered  Ity  Mr.  Winnertz,  and  of  which  hut  a  .sin- 
j?le  species  is  deserihed.  These  three  genera  are  easily  distin- 
guished by  the  neuralion  of  their  wings,  which  are  always  pubes- 
cent, and  may  be  characterized  as  follows : — 

Ccvi(fotu//i(t  Meig.  Three  or  four  longitudinal  veins;  in  the  first 
case  the  third  vein  is  forked,  thus  representing  the  third  and  fourth 
veins,  which  are  coalescent  in  the  greater  part  of  their  extent  (ligs. 
1,  2,  and  4;  in  some  rare  cases  a  l)rauch  of  this  fork  or  the  whole 


Fie.  1. 


A^yuuina. 

without  verticils,  from  13  to  3ß-jointed. 


fork  becomes  obsolete,  as  in  fig.  3); 
in  the  second  case  all  the  four  veins 
are  simple  (fig.  5).  Surface  of  the 
wings  hairy ;  margins  with  long  cilia. 
Antennte  long,  moniliform  or  cylin- 
drical, generally  verticillate,  seldom 


CKPIT10MYIA. 


175 


i-'ii/.  •;. 


flillllh'I'i'Ul. 


S/uiiiinrrni  U'iiiii.  Tliroo  loiijritiidiiml  veins,  which  nre  nil  siin- 
])lt'  (not  forlvod);  tliu  first  t'losc  l)y  tlio 
cosla,  the  socoiul  at  soiiie  <listiiiK'L'  IVoiii 
it,  l)iit  roachiiij;  tlic  inarj^in  of  tlic  wiiij^ 
before  its  tip  (li;;.  (1).  Ifuirs  on  tlio 
surface  of  tlic  wiiifjf  scaly.  Aiiteiiniu 
tilifortn,  l."5-ji)iiit(.'(l,  joints  (.'hjnjriitcd, 
cylimirical,  witit  »i  sliort  pnljcscence  und 
witliont  verticils. 

Liisinji/rnt  Mei^-.  Three  h)nfritndinal  veins,  the  first  niitl  second 
of  which  rnn  very  near  tlie  rosea  and  are  so  closely  nppro.xiniated 
as  to  he  hardly  discernible  ((ig.  7). 
Wiiiffs  rather  short  and  i)rond.  An- 
tennu'  from  IT»  to  '2().jointc(l  ;  Joints 
siibjrlobnlar,  ses.  ile,  with  short  vertii'ils. 
('I'ho  siib-frenns  Clhiorhijnrlid  Lw.  has 
been  formed  of  the  Lastoptenp,  having  i,!i>i..i.i,  ,.i. 

the  month  ))r()Ion<red  in  a  rostrum.) 

The  consideral)le  nnml)er  of  species  containod  in  the  penns  Crr!. 
(hmiiilii  Meig.  and  the  great  variety  of  their  structure  have  made 
a  subdivision  necessary.  The  following  tal)ular  arrangemoni  of 
the  sul)-genera  now  adopted  has  been  e.xtraeted,  with  a  few  modi- 
fications, from  Mr.  Winnertz's  work,  although  the  subdivi>ioii 
itself  is  chiedy  due  to  Mr.  Locw. 


V\^.  7. 


'to' 


t. 


•I  • 

/   " 

.•'m  ■ 

«. 

••V 

,  -.1" 

■«>',:.. 


■*,'•'■ 


!?' 


CECIDOiUl'IA  Meio. 

I.  AVings  with  three  longitudinal  veins,  the  third  either  forming 
a  fork  (tigs.  1,  2,  and  4),  or  l»ecoming  more  or  less  obsolete  towards 
the  tij)  (tig.  3).* 

A.  Cross-vein  placed  between  the  root  and  the  tip  of  the  iirst 
longitudinal  vein,  as  in  figs.  1 — 3  :  (in  this  .section  the  cross-vein 
is  frc(piently  almost  obsolete.) 

Cecidnmyid  Loew.  The  second  longitudinal  vein  reaches  the  mar- 
giii  of  the  wing  a  little  hofüre  its  tip  (although  in  most  cases 
this  distance  is  very  short,  as  in  fig.  1).  (Jenerally  llic  sumc 
number  of  j'uinfs  in  the  antenncc  of  the  ^  and  9;  joints  either 


ill'' 


■I'-,'  < 


i    ■ 


li-^    ■ 


*  In  ex.imining  the  wings  of  the  Cecidom^n.T,  care  must  bo  taken  not 
to  mistake  for  a  vein  a  longitudinal  fold  which  generally  exists  between 
the  seeoud  and  third  longitudinal  veins. 


176 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


I 


r- 

*  J 

* 

*  4 

t 

J^K«' 

' 

'^■r 

pcdicelled  or  sessile  (sometimes  pedicelled  in  the  (-f  and  sessile 
in  the  9;  sometimes  of  the  same  structure,  pedicelled  or  ses- 
sile, in  botli  sexes). 

Diplosis  Loew.  The  second  longitudinal  vein  reaches  the  margin 
of  the  wing  at  or  beyond  its  tip  (tig.  2).  AntentKE  of  the  male 
2()  (2  -)-  24)  jointed,  sometimes  with  one  rudimental  joint 
more;  joints  pcdicelled,  simple  joints  alternating  wit!»  double 
ones  (Tab.  I,  f  11  and  12),  seldom  all  joints  simple.  Antennae 
of  the  9  14  (2  +  12)  jointed,  sometimes  with  one  rndimental 
joint  more;  joints  pcdicelled,  cylindrical. 

Afphoiidi/Ua  Lw.  The  second  longitudinal  vein  reaches  the  margin 
of  the  wing  a  little  beyond  its  tip  (as  in  fig.  2).  Antenna)  of 
both  sexes  with  the  same  number  of  joints;  the  latter  cylin- 
drical, sessile,  with  a  short  pubescence  and  without  verticils. 
(A  single  European  species  is  known.) 

Hormomyia  Lvv.  The  second  longitudinal  vein  reaches  the  margin 
of  the  wing  either  at  or  beyond  th/^  tip.  Thorax  more  or  less 
fflhbose,  fieqiiently  extending  over  the  head  In  the  form  of  a 
hood.  Joints  of  the  J*  antennae  pcdicelled;  those  of  the  9 
l)odicelled  or  sessile. 

Colpodla  Winn,  The  second  longitudinal  vein  forms  a  curve  before 
the  cross-vein  and  joins  the  margin  a  little  beyond  the  tip  of 
the  wing  (lig.  3),  Cross-vein  rather  large,  oblique,  (A  single 
K'.u'opcan  species  is  known  in  the  female  sex  only;  the  joints 
of  its  antei.iiae  are  pcdicelled.  This  sub-genus,  which  is  un- 
known to  me,  must  be  very  difficult  to  distinguish  from  Epi- 
dosls. ) 

B.  Cross-vein  very  oblique,  originating  at  the  root  of  the  first 
longitudinal  vein  (fig.  4).* 

Dirhtza  Lw,  Second  longitudinal  vein  hardly  undulating  before 
the  cross-vein;  joints  of  the  antenna;  sessile  or  almost  sessile 
in  both  sexes.     (A  single  species  is  known.) 

*  The  sections  A  and  B,  as  defined  by  MM.  Loew  and  Winnertz,  seem  to 
be  somewhat  difficult  to  distinguish.  According  to  the  hatter,  tlio  cross 
vein  in  the  section  B  almost  assumes  the  appearance  of  an  intercalary 
longitudinal  vein;  it  begins  at  the  root  of  the  first  longitud'nal  vein,  runs, 
although  very  indistinct,  alongside  of  it  and  then  turns  obliquely  toward» 
the  second  longitudinal  vein,  which  thus  almost  appears  to  be  its  continu- 
ation, or,  in  other  words,  to  have  two  rootj. 


CECIDOMYIA. 


ItT 


Epidosi's  Lvv.  Second  lon«ritu(Hnal  vein  sinuose  before  tlic  cross- 
vein  (li}]^.  4) ;  joints  of  the  antcnuie  pedicelled  in  both  sexes; 
their  ntiniber  variaiiie. 

II.  Wings  with  four  longitudinal  veins  (lig.  5). 
Asy/Kipta  Tvvv.  The  cross-vein  is  sometimes  like  tliat  in  section  A, 
and  then  (ho  second  longitudinal  vein  is  not  sinuated  ;  some- 
times as  in  section  J{ ;  then  the  second  longitudinal  vein  iy 
sinuated,  like  in  Epldosis  (fig.  5);  iu  this  case  also  the  collure 
is  a  little  prolonged. 


The  classification  of  the  section  Anarvtina  Loew,  is  very  imper- 
fect;  almost  nothing  is  known  about  their  habits,  and  even  their 
position  in  the  system  is  doiddfid.  Mr.  Loew  considers  them,  at, 
least  provisioiKilly,  as  a  sub-section  of  the  CecUlotnyldu-,  whereas 
Mr.  Winnertz  ])refers  to  isoiiite  them  as  a  di.stinct  family,  placed 
between  the  CwidoitujUu'.  and  the  Mijcvtopliilidce,  and  having  many 
points  of  relationship  to  both. 

Following  the  authority  of  Mr.  Loew  in  this  volume  (p.  7),  I 
will  conllne  myself  to  the  enumeration  of  the  genera  which  he 
refers  to  this  secliun,  adding  only  short  sketches  of  their  characters 
as  I  lind  them  in  the  former  writers. 

I.  OfU'lli  extant; 

Wings  l);ir.!  or  .almost  l)an>;  third  loni,Mtii<linal  vein  forked,  th."  two 

following  veins  simple. 

Antenn;^  lO-jointed  ;    %    vf  rticillate,  jointa   pedieelled ;    9   \n\\wA- 

cent,  joints  sesHile;   liranclies  of  the  fork  of  tlie  3a  longitndinal 

vein  very  aren.ited  at  luise  (fig.  8,  wing).  /v(io.NKLM!.\  .lA/y. 

Antonn.'B  Ü-jointed,  sliot  t,  hliyhtly  i)ul)ertceat ;  joints  snl.sessile,  siil»- 

glol)ose  (lig.  !),  wing).  A.nakktk  IluL 

Wings  puiieseent ; 

Tliird  longitudinal  vein  forked. 

The  upper  l.ram  li  of  tlw  fork  forms  a  douhl.!  enrve.  nlmont  in  the 

shape  of  an  S  ;   (see  Plate  I,  .'ig.  l,'}.)  T.!iT0XY<iA  l.w. 

The  upper  t)ran(li  of  the  fork  forms  a  single  smootii  curv.: ;    ^ 

anteninu   l'i-joint(!d,  veilieillate,  joints  pc<lic.'lled  ;    $>   a[:!<'in;;ij 

l('-join»ed,  pilo.se,  joints  nionilifonn  (lig.  10,  wing). 

Catocm.v  Hal. 

12 


■%P;, 


a:- 

"••■''■ 
'- V("'' 

■•";'-;i 


JÜ-*. 

••:'i. 


\s 


f      ' 


1  :. 


IK'k 


A^ 


1  ii 


178 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Foaith  longitudinal  vein  foikeil ;  antennje  ll-20-jointe(l ;  %  moni- 
liform,  pilose;  joints  pedicelled  ;  y  submonilifonn,  joints  ses.silo, 
pubescent  (fig.  11,  wing).  Campylomyza  M(i<j. 

II.  Ocelli  wanting;  third  longitudinal  vein  forked ;  first  longitudinal  vein 

very  short ;  wings  pubescent ;  autennai  %  moniliibrm,  vertiuillate  ; 

9  submoniliforni,  jmbescent. 

Antennie  l(j-jointed  (lig.  12,  wing).  Lkstremia  Mucq. 

Antenuijj  11-jointed.  Cecidogona  Lw. 


m 


Fig.  8. 


Fig.  9. 


Fi^r.  10. 


Caiiipyluuiyza. 


Lobti'i'iiiiii. 


*• 


^ 


VJ. 


Mi:' 


:'V<! 


;^i 


•1 :., 


For  further  details  as  well  as  for  the  references,  see  Walker,  Diptera 
Britannica,  Vol.  Ill,  which  alsu  contains  beautiful  figures  of  all  the  genera. 
As  to  the  new  genus  Tritozijgn  Lw.,  formed  on  an  American  species,  Mr. 
Loew  thus  characterizes  it  in  a  manuscript  note  of  his  : — 

"  The  whole  stnictiire  of  its  body  shows  the  nearest  rchition  to 
Campylotnyza ;  the  form  of  the  legs  and  wings  is  as  in  that  genus; 
the  wings  (Tab.  I,  fig.  13)  have  the  same  short  pubescence  and  cilia, 
and  the  three  ocelli  are  just  as  distinct.  The  dilTerences  are  the 
following.  1.  The  vein,  which  in  the  second  section  of  Cecidounjidcc 
is  added  to  the  number  of  the  veins  of  the  fir.<t  section,  is  not 
simple,  but  forked,  in  'he  new  genus,  and  therefore  ajjproaches  in 
some  measure  the  genus  Aiiarcte ;  2.  The  very  thick  longitudinal 
vein  is  not  forked  as  in  dunpylvmyza,  but  simple.  The  new  genus 
cannot  be  confounded  with  ultiarete,  the  species  of  which  have  a 
much  more  slender  structure,  a  very  elongated  first  joint  of  the  tarsi 
and  the  third  longitudinal  vein  of  the  wing  bipartite  as  far  as  the 
base.  From  Lestremia  and  Cecidogona  it  differs  in  quite  a  similar 
manner,  and  besides  by  the  presence  of  ocelli,  which  are  wanting 
in  both  genera.  The  antenna;  are  mutilated  in  the  single  specimen 
which  I  have  before  me  (a  male  from  the  District  of  Columbia), 
therefore  I  can  say  nothing  of  the  number  of  their  joints;  their 


\:     .S;-'.  -pi- 


) 


3 


[1 


CECinOMYIA. 


no 


structure  is  Jis  in  most  Campijlomijza;.  The  number  of  tlio  joints 
of  the  aiitennte  being  of  u  higlier  vahie,  among  the  Gali-gnuts,  for 
the  distinction  of  species  than  for  tliat  of  genera,  since  almost 
every  genus  comprises  species  with  very  (lilferent  nnmhers  of  joints 
of  the  antennie,  I  abstain  from  giving  a  name  to  the  species  known 
to  me  so  incompletely ;  as  to  the  genns,  which  can  never  be  mis- 
taken, I  pro|)Ose  for  it  tiie  name  of  Trituziiyn.''^ 

II.    On  the  huhils  of  the  Cf:ciD0MYiD^T5. 

The  food  of  tlie  larvtc  of  Cecidoniijia  is  of  a  vegetal)le  character. 
A  few  apparent  exceptions  will  be  mentioned  below.  They 
furtliermore  seem  to  live  in  preference  on  livlnrj  plants;  neverthe- 
less several  species  of  the  sul)genera  Ejn'dnsls  and  J)ij>I-)Sis,  liave 
been  reared  by  Mr.  "Winnertz  from  decaying  wo(jd  ;  ^'cc  J'itseico//is 
Meig.  (?)  has  been  reared  by  IJonche  from  decaying  l)nlbs  of  tulips 
and  hyacinths.  (Instances  like  that  of  Cec.  biro/or  IJouclie,  f'.iind 
in  dung  during  winter,  must  be  received  with  caution,  as  the  larvie 
may  have  gene  there  for  transformation  only.)  Although  the 
majority  of  these  larvio  attack  the  soft  and  green  parts  of  plants, 
some  of  them  live  under  the  bark  of  trees,  in  the  cones  of  pines 
{('ec.  strolii  Kalt.)  or  in  fungi  {Dlplosis  pofi/poji  ^Vz.,  As>/ii(rjit(t 
lufjuhrls  Wz.,  etc.)"* 

Again,  most  of  the  larva?  are  monophagons,  that  is,  ea(.'h  species 
lives  exclusively  on  a  certain  species  of  plant,  or,  at  !ea.>t  on  clu.-^ely 
allied  plants;  ^Ir.  Winiiertz  remarks  that  even  those  found  under 
the  bark  of  trees  follow  the  same  rule.  Exceptions  are  Cec. 
sisymbrii  Sehr.,  which,  according  to  Mr.  Winnertz,  inhai)its  in 
May  and  June  a  gall  on  Berhcris  viift/an's,  and  from  June  till  No- 
veml)cr  a  somewhat  diifercnt  gall  on  Xfis/urti'mn  si/lrcsfrc  (Winn. 
1.  c.  p.  209  and  231)  ;  Cfcid.  urciKifu  Wz.,  has  been  fijiinil  in  the 
pappus  Qf  dilVerent  syngenesists,  in  decaying  wood  and  fungi. 
Besides  these,  there  is  a  class  of  larvic  which  live  as  gmsts  or 
parasites  in  galls  formed  by  other  C('cii/<ii)i>/i(t'  {Ci'c  (n-i<ij:Iiihi  Wz. 
and  pacldii  Wz.  live  socially  in  the  ileforined  buds  of  Fro.rnuis 
excelsior;  Diplosls  socutUs  AVz.  irdnibits  the  gall  of  l^a^inplvra 
ruht ;  Dipl,  üh'mlh  Wz.,  has  l»een  reared  from  the  same  gall  with 
Vec.  salict'na  Sehr.,  etc.);  or  by  Jcari  {('cc.  pere;/rinii  Wz.,  and 
similar  cases,  observed  by  Loew.)  Some  even  live  in  the  society 
of  Aphides.  According  to  Mr.  Winnertz  the  larvie  of  the  sub- 
genus  Diplonis  lu'incipally,  share   those  jiarasilical  habits  ;  even 


.•*.•>" 


I   '1'      ' 


«I. ' 


*;'?> 
.~*ii 


•I    ' 


■4^ 


f  Pv: 

tl    CM^: 

^  Jmf' 

b;  ;:ra ! 

^  11^ 

.    .'■  i  il"'' 

r 


k 


:  ill 


180 


DII'TERA  ÜF  NOUTIl  AMERICA. 


l'.v 


K^;.-: 


»■t.» 


^i: 


thohc  liviiijr  »iiidor  tlic  bark  of  tioos  oi-  in  fi.iijri  nrc  st'ldoin  ruitul 
niotio,  l»iit  (or  the  most  part  in  tlie  society  of  oilier  larva;  (Winn. 
I.  c.  )).  2(1(5).  Tims,  the  larva  of  a  speoios  of  Di/>fosis  has  been 
found  in  a  stem  of  Surothrium  seopuriiiiti.,  together  with  larvuj  of 
Jlyh'sliiiis  and  Ajiion. 

Amoiij''  the  larvie  with  an  eX(;eptional  mode  of  life,  those  should 
be  nieiitidncd  which  live  on  the  snrfuce  of  the  plant,  as  that,  ol>- 
served  l)y  Mr.  Loow  on  the  leaves  of  Veronica  J{i:ccabiin(jii,  or  tliost; 
of  Dipfosis  ci'oniittis  W'A  ,  and  J),  eoniitjilnnjn  Wz.  fonnd  on  the 
leaves  of  a  :•ose-bll^h  ovcrj^rown  with  thefnngus  Ceonid  ntininfnn/, 
on  which  they  feed.  The  American  species,  prol)ably  also  a  JJij)- 
losis.  which  I  have  called  (\'c.  (jlulinosa,  aiid  which  will  be  (lescribei} 
l>elow,  has  a  similar  mode  of  existence  on  the  snrfaec  of  hickory 
leaves. 

The  {greater  nnmljcr  of  larva;  penetrate  inside  of  the  plant,  so 
as  to  be  concealed  from  view  durinjif  their  development.  Their 
presence  is  «renerally  indicated  on  the  outside  of  the  plant  by  some 
deformation.  Mvery  part  of  the  plant,  from  the  root  to  the  (lower 
and  the  fruit,  is  liable  to  such  attacks.  Uiit  each  species  of  <.\'ri- 
donnjiii  always  attacks  the  same  part  of  the  plant,  and  ilelbrnis  it 
in  the  same  way.  (Kxceptions  seem  to  be  rare  ;  <\:c.  (rvnndo-  AVz. 
has  Iseen  reared  from  two  galls  of  dillcrent  shape,  both  found  on 
the  poplar ;  the  insects  dillered  only  in  size). 

The  deformations  thus  produced  are  very  numerous,  and  several 
nnsuccessful  attempts  have  been  made  to  classify  them  accordiu};- 
to  the  nature  of  their  ori,u,in  and  their  shape.  At  one  extreme  of 
the  series  is  the  true  gall,  a  vegetable  growth  of  c(jnstaiit  and  de- 
Unite  form,  attached  to  the  plant  by  a  very  small  })ortiun  of  its 
surface  and  not  otherwise  deforming  that  p'irt  of  the  jilant  (of  this 
class  are,  for  instance,  the  numeions  galls,  tlescribed  below,  on  lln; 
leaves  of  the  hickories)  ;  at  the  otlier  extreme  is  the  sin)|)le  defor- 
mation, folding  of  a  leaf,  swelling  of  a  leaf-rib,  arrest  of  the  growth 
of  a  l)ud  or  a  stalk,  etc. 

The  egg  of  d-ridomijia  is  elongated,  rounded  at  both  ends, 
orange-yellow,  or  whitish.  The  time  within  which  the  larva  is 
hatched  is  very  dillerent,  and  depends  on  the  state  of  the  wea'her; 
in  a  great  heat,  the  hatching  sometimes  takes  place  within  a  few 
hours;  generally  a  few  days  are  re(piired.  Mr.  Loew  supi^jses, 
however,  that  the  species  having  but  one  yearly  generation  remain 
much  lunger  in  the  state  of  eggs. 


IT    ••/: '•.!!.«%, 


.1  '-  ^V  ] 


CECIDOMYIA. 


181 


Wlion  first  Iiatclicd,  tlic  Inrva  is  colorlops,  transpnroiil,  witli  a 
trnnpliicont  f^rcen,  yellowish  or  rcil  stomnrli;  lator  in  life  it  assumes 
(lifTercnt  sliades  of  red  (orniiijo,  pinkish,  cochciiillc-red)  or  becomes 
yellow  or  whitish ;  the  color  of  the  same  specie.'",  may  also  some- 
what ehanirc  with  ajre.  All  these  larvtc  have  the  extraordinary 
tinnd)er  of  fourteen  joints,  thus  affordintran  apparent  exception  from 
all  other  larva-  of  insects,  which,  as  a  jrenoral  rule,  have  thirteen 
joints.  The  snpernumerary  fonrteenth  joint  is  placed  between  the 
head  and  the  first  thoracic  (stig-mn-hearinp:)  segment.  It  may  be 
considered  either  as  a  part  of  the  hr-ad,  or  as  a  proloiifration  of 
the  first  thoracic  sec:;ment.  Nniiiber  au'l  position  of  the  stiirniatii 
are  normal;  one  pair  on  tl;e  first  thoracic  scfrment,  and  eight 
pairs  on  the  first  eight  abdominal  segments,  so  that  thn  ninth  or 
last  segment  bears  none.  Sometimes  the  last  pair  of  s-tigmata  is 
renu)»-..d  from  its  nsnal  lateral  position,  more  towards  the  middle 
of  the  segment.  In  one  case  (Ot.  ^)//// Peg,  and  the  American  (\ 
pin?  iiinju's)  this  last  pair  is  placed  apiiarently  on  the  ^^<,7  segment ; 
but  this  segment  is  in  reality  the  eighth,  the  ninth  segment  being 
in  this  larva  unusually  small  and  concealed  under  the  eighth.  The 
stigmata  arc  horny,  more  or  less  nipple-shaped  projections. 

The  skin  of  most  larvto  appears  finely  chagreened  under  a  strong 
mngiiifying  power;  in  some  cases  it  is  perfectly  smooth.  The 
dorsal  segments  of  Crr.  xarnf/iamnt  T.w.,  C.  r/fiiisfa'  T,w.,  etc.  are 
uneven  ;  those  of  (^.  rrarrcr  TjW.,  C.  (jnrmis  TjW.,  r*.  fnxdrnUix 
Bouche,  etc.  are  furnished  with  Ijristles  or  sparse  hairs :  those  of 
C.  entomdphihi  Ferris  with  hairs  arranged  in  regular  rows ;  those 
of  Cecid.  pint  Degeer,  and  of  two  larva^  which  I  found  in  tliis 
country  ((\'c.  pint  I'nopis  0.  S.  and  fee.  f/bih'nnsn,  nov.  sp.),  have 
rows  of  fleshy,  setiferous  caruncles  along  the  back.  (Tt  is  to  be 
noticed  here  that  both  'Degeer  and  Diifour,  in  descril)ing  such 
larvic,  mistook  the  back  for  tlie  veiit'er,  and  descrilied  these  carun- 
cles ni^  pseiidnporls.  See  TH'g.  Mi'm.  VI,  Tab.  XXVI,  fig.  11 — 10, 
and  Dnfour,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  de  Fr.,  IR.'JS,  p.  203). 

The  last  aV)doininal  segment  is  smooth  and  rounded,  or  furnished 
with  two  setiferous  tubercles  {fee.  pint),  sometimes  uneven  and 
bristly,  or  excavated,  or  armed  with  a  pair  of  horny  processes, 
frequently  curved  upwards.  Dufour  saw  a  larva  use  these  pro- 
cesses for  leaping. 

The  structure  of  the  head  and  of  the  organs  of  the  mouth  is 
but  imperfectly  known.     "What  Mr.  Hatzeburg  saw  (see  his  paper 


*.*•: 
,~.*:i 


■A- 


J 

" ' 

m 

^ 

> 

f 

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K 

1 

n 

1 

-ft 

t 

h 

t<  7. 


I      iiL  ( 


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r 


1^: 


MPTERA  OF  XOUTri  A.MKKICA. 


liM 


■■■•■•■'i;'-V 


:?•■;■ 

'■■,;'.,"'i'-*- 


ii)  \\'icj:maiin's  Arcliiv,  vol.  vii.  p.  233,  with  a  pliitc)  nnd  wlmt  I 
Imvc  fomii]  coiiCirined  by  my  own  ohscrvatioiis,  mny  l)0  ri'diict'il  to 
tlie  f'ull(»\vin<r ;  Tlie  horny  ]»arts  of  the  head  consist  of  a  riiiLf  with 
two  proco.  ses  extended  backwards ;  a  soft,  fleshy  swellin«^  which 
protrudes  through  tliis  ring  is  taken  by  J{atzel)ur{^  for  tlie  hilduin  ; 
two  openiufrs  in  tlie  uijper  part  of  llic  rinp^  emit  a  pair  of  two- 
jointed  orjrans  which  this  author  and  Tj.  Dufour  believed  to  l)e 
j>a!pi,  but  which  I  would  rather  consider  as  nidimental  a»itenna% 
especially  on  account  of  their  position  on  the  upper  side  of  the 
litad.     {fiuboulbene  and  I'erris  entertained  the  same  view.) 

On  the  under  side  of  the  body,  at  the  juncture  of  the  lirst 
thoracic  se;,'ment  with  the  supernumerary  (14lh)  segment,  there  is 
a  luMMiY,  more  or  less  elongated  jjiece,  i)rojecting  with  its  anterior 
])art,  whereas  its  po.jterior  end  is  concealed  under  the  skin  of  the 
tirst  thoracic  segment,  and  more  or  less  translucent.  This  organ, 
the  use  or  the  homology  of  which  is  unknown,  is  peculiar  to  tlu^ 
larviu  of  Ccciilo/ityia,  and  seems  to  be  seldom  wanting.  (I  founil 
under  the  bark  of  a  tree  a  full-grown  larva  which,  for  its  structure 
I  Itelieve  to  be  a  Cecidomyia,  altl»ough  it  showed  no  trace  of  this 
breasti)oi,e.)  It  may  be  that  tliio  organ  is  \ised  for  locomotion, 
although  I  hardly  would  consider  it  as  homologous  to  the  jL-eudo- 
pods  of  the  larvie  of  Chlronumus  and  Cerutopoyun.  If  the  sup- 
plementary (14th)  segment  be  considered  as  a  jtart  of  the  head, 
this  breastbone  might  be  taken  for  the  meutum,  in  analogy  to  the 
horny  nientuiu  of  the  larva)  of  the  I'ipnlaruc.  The  form  of  this 
organ  is  variable  in  different  species ;  sometimes  it  ends  anteriorly 
in  two  i)oinls,  with  an  excavation  between  them  ;  sometimes  in 
one  elongated  point ;  or  it  is  serrated,  etc. 

The  remaining  part  of  the  under  side  of  the  body  sometimes 
shows  other  orga.'^s  of  locomotion.  The  larva  of  Cec  entomophila, 
according  to  Perris,  has  three  slender,  elongated,  pointed,  sub- 
corneous,  approximated  projections  in  the  middle  of  every  ventral 
segment.  Cec.  fiiscicuUis  IJouche  (IJouche,  Naturg.  der  Ins.  \i. 
25),  has  a  pair  of  elongated,  pointed  pseudopods  under  each 
thoracic  segment,  and  three  such  pseudopods  under  each  abdomi- 
nal segment.  IjoucIic's  figure  of  the  latter  closely  resembles 
Perry's  ügure  of  the  pseudopods  of  Cec.  entomnphila. 

T'he  motions  of  the  larvie,  except  those  few,  living  on  the  surface 
of  the  leaves,  are  generally  slow ;  but  those  which  change  their 
abode  before  assuming  the  pupa  state  become  very  active  about 


\m- 


? 


CECIDOMYIA. 


183 


4- 


that  peridil.  Winnertz  oliscrvcd  an  cxtraordinnry  nctivity  in  some 
such  larvae  after  a  thnndor  storm  ;  they  left  their  hidinfr-places  an- 
der {rromid,  aiul  crawled  al)iiut  restlessly  for  some  time;  tliey  did 
the  same  after  every  thunder  storm,  some  of  them  even  two  niontlis 
after  havin«?  left  their  jralls. 

Tiie  larva;  of  several  speeies,  for  instance,  TVr.  fah',  Cor.  j)isi, 
and  Orid.  rinnlcls,  have  the  power  of  leapinp:.  Mr.  J-oew  remarks 
that  all  such  larva-  helon«,'  to  the  sul)-g'enu8  J)ij>f<>sis.  Cec.  jx.pnll 
Duf.  performed  its  leaps  by  strainin«?  the  horny  hooks  at  the  tip 
of  its  al)domen  ai^ainst  the  under  side  of  the  thoracic  segments. 
(Dufour,  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.,  2e  ser.  XVI,  p.  2r;Y.) 

"The  want  of  horny  or;.rans  of  mastication,"  says  Mr.  Winnertz, 
"authorizes  the  supposition  that  a  lesion  of  the  i)lant  does  not  take 
place;  it  is  much  more  i)rol)ablc  that  the  larva  has  the  i)Ower  of 
producing  in  the  plant  some  peculiar  irritation,  which  causes  an 
overflow  of  the  sap  necessary  for  its  food.  How  little  the  larva 
requires  for  its  support  is  evident  from  the  circumstance  that  it 
attains  its  full  growth  and  development  in  a  gal!  just  large  enough 
to  inclose  it,  a  gall  apparently  hermetically  closed,  for  the  most 
part  with  hard  walls,  which  do  not  show  the  least  sign  of  internal 
lesion,  it  seems  even  as  if  a  certain  amount  of  moisture  alone 
was  suflicieut  to  sustaiji  these  larv;e,  especially  when  a  great  num- 
ber of  them  live  socially  in  the  same  gall  (from  ten  to  fifteen  larvtu 
in  the  pea-sized  hud  of  Cunlaniine  pnttensis;  from  fifty  to  si.xty 
in  another  kind  of  gall,  etc.).  Another  proof  of  the  small  quan- 
tity of  nourishment  required  by  these  larv.'e  is,  that  no  CKcreaients 
are  to  be  found  in  their  place  of  abode." 

"The  oidy  c.vception  known  to  me  of  this  extreme  frugality," 
says  the  same  author,  "are  the  larvai  of  two  species  which  live  on 
the  leaves  of  the  white  rose,  attai-ked  by  the  fungus  Ceovia  mlnid- 
tum.  These  larva?  not  only  lick  the  sap  e-vuding  at  the  bottom  of 
the  heaps  of  spores,  but  they  also  greedily  consume  the  spores 
themselves,  and  their  intestinal  canal  is  always  filled  with  them," 

The  observation  of  Yallot  (Mem.  de  Dijon,  1S27,  p.  95),  that 
a  larva  of  Cecidnmyla  {C.  acarh-om)  found  on  the  s',;rface  of  the 
leaves  of  C/ielidoninm  feeds  by  sucking  Acari,  as  yet  requires  con- 
Jirmation.  Winneri/.  saw  Cecidomi/ia-\ar\'ai  living  as  guests  in 
deformations  produced  by  Aran',  greedily  lick  their  hosts,  but  he 
never  found  in  such  g'dls  an  empty  skin  of  an  Acnrus.  As  to  tlie 
larv;e  of  Cecido»i)jla  inhabiting  galls,  produced  hy  other  spccie.v; 


'if' 


:«■' 


T 


i  ,,r;--.-. 

■,.-■  r.' 


184 


DU'TKUA  OF  NORTH  AMEIUCA. 


'   .-iW.'.-'..- 


of  the  anme  «^cmis,  it  is  a  question,  accordinj?  to  Wiiinert/,  wlii'thcr 
they  talve  tlic  same  lood  with  their  hosts,  or  live  on  thoir  cxero- 
inc'iitf.  Pen-is  (Mein,  de  Lille,  X,  p.  274,  with  fi,^ures)  fonnd 
twill,  outnmupliila  in  an  insect-l»().\,  iivinj;  on  the  excicnients  of 
the  niinntc  Avari  aljoundiiij?  in  sueh  boxes;  he  eonijiarcs  them, 
apparently  with  '^mn\  reason,  with  the  larvic  of  Cccidumi/iu  found 
nnder  the  bark  of  trees,  amoti<r  the  cxerenients  of  the  xylophagous 
insects.  These  larvie  underwent  their  transformation  in  the  cor 
ners  of  the  box. 

It  is  very  proljable  that  tlie  larvie  of  CwliJomyla,  like  most  of 
the  dipterons  larva-,  do  not  undergo  several  monltin<.^s.  I  do  not 
lind  any  mention  about  it  in  the  authors.  Only  Dr.  Harris  states 
thai  ('.  trlticl  easts  olf  its  skin  before  going  under  ground  for 
transformation. 

Jk'fore  assuming  the  pupa  state,  some  larvje  of  Ce(idumyu(  leave 
their  galls  and  abscond  themselves  under  groutul,  under  dry  leaves 
or  moss,  or  under  the  bark  of  trees.  Other  larva-,  on  the  contrary, 
undergo  their  transformation  within  their  gall.*  \\\  both  cases 
the  pupa)  are  frequently,  although  not  always,  inclosed  in  a  cocoon. 
Winnertz  positively  denies  tliat.  the  larvie  spin  this  cocoon  ;  ac- 
cording to  his  observation,  the  latter  is,  so  to  say,  exuded  by  the 
larva.  He  found  that  iarvie  which  had  fastened  themselves  to  n 
leaf,  were  encircled  within  twenty-four  hours  by  a  wliite  halo,  con- 
sisting of  tiny  thread-like  particles,  which  seemed  to  grow  some- 
what like  crystal-needles ;  the  larva  during  this  time  remained 
perfectly  motionless.  The  cocoon  is  perfected  within  a  few  days, 
and  even  then,  under  a  strong  magnifying  power,  no  genuine 
thread  is  perceptible. 

The  mode  in  which  the  pupa  state  is  assumed  has  been  de- 
scribed by  Dr.  Harris  in  a  posthumous  paper  published  in  the 
Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Soc.  of  Nat.  Hist.,  18üO,  p.  HU. 
"The  approaching  change  is  marked  by  an  alteration  of  the  color 
of  the  anterior  segments  of  the  larva,  which  (in  the  case  of  Cen'd. 
Salicis  Filch)  from  orange  become  rod  and  shining,  as  if  distended 
by  blood.  Soon  afterwards,  rudimentary  legs,  wings,  and  autenme 
begin,  as  it  were,  to  bud  and  put  forth,  and  ra])idly  grow  to  their 
full  pupal  dimensions,  and  thus  the  trausforn)ation  to  the  pu|)a  is 

*  The  larva  of  Ceriil.  ti-rminalis  Lw.,  according  to  Winnertz,  varies  in 
its  lial'its.  It  sometimea  goes  under  ground,  and  souielimes  transforms 
Tvithin  tbe  willow  leaves  deformed  bv  't. 


CKCTI»()MYIA. 


ISJ 


completed."  Tlic  pcoiliarity  of  tliis  process  is,  that  the  transfornm- 
tion  is  iiiulerfroiic  ivithwl  shaldiiKj  fhv  hn-vu  skin,  ami,  ns  tin;  suine 
observalioii  lias  l.ecii  repeated  l.y  Dr.  Harris  on  the  larva'  of  C. 
dcstrint.,,'  Say  and  C.  trlUvi  Kirl)y,  it  is  very  pr()l)al)Io  tliat  it  ap- 
plies to  all  the  larva«  of  the  peims.  I  do  nut  fmd  this  faet  men- 
tioned in  the  Kuroi)ean  anthors. 

Instead  of  a  coeoon,  the  pupa  of  Cer.  dcstrticfor  Say  is  inclosed 
in  an  ohlonir,  hrown  eas.v  which  is  nothing  but  its  own  hardened 
pnpa-skin.  "The  u.rva  of  this  in.seet,  says  Dr.  Harris  (/.  <:),  when 
it  has  come  to  its  f,q-owth,  remains  fixed  and  motionU>s  on  the 
culm  of  the  wheat.  Its  body  contracts  and  soon  takes  the  form 
and  color  of  a  fla.\--sced.  While  this  chanj-'e  is  {?oing  on  e.xlernally, 
the  l)ody  of  the  insect  <:radnally  cleaves  from  its  outer  dry  and 
brownish  skin.  When  this  is  carefully  opened,  the  included  insect 
will  1)0  seen  to  bo  still  in  the  larva  state.  It  docs  not  cliaii.i;'e  its 
condition  until  a  few  days  before  it  discloses  the  winged  insect," 

etc. 

Cen'd.  (/nain'iu'rola  Kalt,  and  another  Cecuhmyiu,  mentioned  by 
Dr.  Filch  as  forming  an  imbricated  gall  on  Afjrostis  httcrljlom, 
undergo  a  sinnlar  kind  of  transformation,  their  pnpic  being  inclosed 
in  the  dry  larva-skin. 

However  diflerent  the  mode  of  transformation  of  CvritJ.  piiii 
Dog.,  C.  piiii  marit'uiurVtwl,  and  Crr.  piin  t'liopis  0.  S.  may  ap- 
pear, the  puptc  of  which  arc  inclosed  within  a  cocoon  of  resin,  it 
is  in  perfect  analogy  with  the  preceding  instances.  The  process 
by  which  the  cocoon  is  formed  is  exactly  the  same  as  that  de.-cribed 
above  by  Dr.  Harris.  The  larva  of  the  American  species  C.  pint 
iiiopis  O.  S.  observed  by  me  in  the  environs  of  Washington,  fastens 
itself  to  a  pine  leaf  and  remains  motionless  until  the  resinous  sub- 
stance which  it  exudes  abundantly,  begins  to  harden;  the  larva 
then  gradually  frees  itself  from  the  contact  of  the  cocoon-like  case 
thus  formed.  It  is  very  probalde  that  this  cocoon  is  nothing  but 
the  outer  larva-skin,  saturated  with  resin. 

The  pupio  of  Cccidonujicr  show  a  close  resemblance  to  tho<c  of 
the  Tipiihcftimju'oJa',  especially  those  of  SriKra.  As  in  the  latter 
genus,  the  bases  of  the  antenn;e  are  often  produced  in  points  ; 
these  frontal  projections  are  sometimes  long,  approximated,  and 
resemble  horns  {Cec.  sarothmnni,  see  Winnertz,  1.  c.  Tal).  I,  f.  G, 
or  Ci'c.  verbasri  Diifour,  Aun.  Sc.  Nat.,  3e  ser..  Vol.  IV,  p.  Ö-21, 
with  iigures,  1S4Ö);  in  other  cases  they  are  smaller  and  at  suiiio 


'■  -A 

1' 

•"■-1 


.' •■* 


"1  'i  ' 


'■■? 


18ß 


i>iPTF.nA  OF  Nonni  AMKUir.\. 


t 


m 


um'-'' 


(lislmu'C  from  onoli  ollicr  (Ccc,  sx/in'tia,  C.  irrom'nr,  (»tc. ,  sco  W/., 
1.  c.  f.  3,  4).  lU'liiiul  tliosc  lioriis,  two  pairs  of  Itristic-likc  jtro- 
ocssps  may  l>e  oliscrvod  in  most  iiiipa*.  Tlic  first  pair  is  also  on 
the  head,  close  by  tlic  horns,  the  ,s.  'ond  on  tlic  tliorax.  I»olh 
vary  in  size  and  strcn;^tli  in  different  spceies.  Tlic  sceond,  tho- 
racic pair,  has  l)cen  taken  l»y  some  antliors  for  a  spiracle.  Tlicsc 
])rojt'ctions  and  horns,  especially  the  frontal  ones,  aid  the  pupa  in 
worlcinj?  its  way  tlironj^h  the  pall  or  from  tinderfjrroiind,  licfore 
enterinfjj  its  hist  staj^e  of  existence.  The  dorsal  segments  of  the 
nhdomen  are,  for  the  same  purpose,  frecpiently  ronjih  with  spines. 
The  tip  of  the  abdomen  is  sometimes  smooth;  in  other  instances 
it  bears  a  few  lirislles. 

After  tlie  exclusion  of  the  perfect  insect,  the  piipa-skin  remains 
frequently  hiiUfjjinj!;  on  the  outside  of  the  pall. 

Some  species  of  Cceldotuijla  have  oidy  one,  others  more  than 
one  yearly  generation.  The  summer  generation  of  the  hitter  kind 
remain  but  a  short  time  in  the  pupa  state;  the  winter  generation 
much  longer. 

The  larvie  of  Lasloptcnt  resemble  those  of  Ccrülomyla  in  their 
structure  as  well  as  in  their  habits.  They  fre(pieutly  have  the 
f?nme  reddish  color  and  the  peculiar  breast-bone.  L.  ruhi  Heeger 
and  the  X.  American  L.  vifis  O.  S.  jiroduce  swellings  in  the  stem 
of  the  itlants  which  they  iidiabit.  L.  pnsi'lla  Ileeger  forms  galls 
on  the  leaves  of  Sunrhus,  L.  cerris  KoUar  on  those  of  the  oak 
(  Quercus  cerris). 

III.    0)1  the  North  American  CKClPOMYlyi;  hitherto  ohserved  and 

their  (jalh. 

The  species  of  X.  A.  Cecidomyice  at  present  known,  may  be 
distrilxited  into  three  categories,  according  to  the  extent  of  our 
knowledge  concerning  them.  About  the  si)ecies  of  the  first  cate- 
gory, nothing  but  the  description  of  the  i)erfect  insect  is  extant, 
its  habits  remaining  unknown ;  as  to  those  of  the  second  category 
we  are  acquainted  with  the  first  stages  of  their  existence,  especially 
with  the  deformations  they  produce,  without  knowing  the  perfect 
insect;  finally,  to  the  third  category  belong  those,  the  habits  of 
which,  as  well  as  the  perfect  insect,  are  described. 

The  following  is  a  synopsis  of  the  species  recorded  by  previous 
authors,  as  well  as  of  those  mentioned  in  this  paper: — 


•■•        .»ft»:*.-"- 
'   ■'.  ."""v 


:'^r 


T 


CKCinOMYIA. 


187 


I.  rc.feot  insect  dcscrined,  liubits  mikiinwii. 


•  Dr.  A.  Fitüh,  V.nnny  on  tho  Wheat-fly,  otc. 


C.  oriinifi  Say,  LoimV  Kxiicil.  Ai«it.  i>.  :ir»7.     Wm\.  Auhs.  Zw.  I,  -;!,  2. 

(',  riiliiilirii  ritcli. 

C  crriiiliii  V\U'\\. 

C,  ti  r;iiit(t  Kitcli. 

C  tliornririi   Kitcli. 

('.  .ipniiijirnni  Wülk.  List  of  T>ipt.  Urit.  .Mus.  I,  :in. 

('(iiiiiiiiliimi/z'i  Kriiirlhitic  Si\y,  .loiirn.  Acad.   I'liil.  IH,  17,  1.     Wicil.  Auss. 

Zw.  I,  2-J,  1. 
Trilnzi/iid,  s]!.  Lw.  (sc«  p.  17^). 
Diplonia  iiiiii-rii.f  Lw.     Tlio  I'ollowiiig  note  on  thin  new  spocics  was  furtiisliod 

by  iMr.  Locw : — 

"  Gall-jrn.ats  cannot  be  ivcocrnizably  <lcscril)c(l  from  sinjrlo  dried 
specimens,  nnloss  they  are  distiiiirnislied  by  some  striUin?  peculiar- 
ities. I  feel  no  temptation  nt  all  to  describe  species  which  have 
no  such  pocnliarities,  and  allow  myself  an  except ioii  only  with  tho 
followinjj:  Dlploais  on  account  of  its  remarkable  I)cau'y. 


.;fi. 


^t 


D.  lliamis  Lf.i-.w.  %  and  9.  (Tal..  T,  (il's.  11  and  12.)— FlaviMa, 
thoracc  t'liscn-vittato,  aiitcniianiiii  articulis  ni^ris  et  iialtiilis  altfrnanti- 
l)us,  alls  violaceo-macuktis,  tibiis  tarsisqiie  iiigro-annulatis. 

Yfllowisli,  thorax  with  fuscescent  stripoa  ;  the  joints  of  the  antenna-  .ilter- 
iiately  black  and  whitisl, ;  wiiiu's  witli  violet-blue  spots  ;  tibia«  and  tarsi 
annulated  with  blaek.     Long.  corp.  O.OS.     Long,  ah  0.11. 

Yellowish  ;  the  joints  of  the  ar.tciinic  alternately  black  and 
yellowish-white,  the  simple  joints  being  black,  the  do"ble  joints 
vellowish-white:  also  the  hairs  of  the  black  joints  are  black,  and 
those  of  the  lii?ht  ones  lijrht.  Thorax  with  three  brown  longitu- 
dinal stripes  coalescing  anteriorly,  the  intermediate  one  reaching 
only  to  tiie  middle  of  the  thorax,  the  lateral  ones  running  as  far  as 
its  posterior  margin.  Abdomen  without  dark  bands.  Coxse  yel- 
lowish. Fore  and  middle  femora  black  on  the  upper  side  and 
tips,  the  outermost  extremity  of  the  tip  being  yellowi>h  ;  hind 
femora  with  a  black  line  not  reaching  far  beyond  the  middle,  and 
with  the  tips  black.  Tibi;e  black ;  anterior  ones  with  a  very  broad 
yellowish  ring  beyoml  the  middle,  the  hind  ones  with  such  a  ring 
at  their  base  and  a  second  ring  I)eynnd  the  middle.  Anterior  tarsi 
black  on  the  first,  short  joint,  at  the  base  of  the  second  and  at 
the  tips  of  the  second,  third  and  fourth  joints  ;  the  hind  tarsi  have 
the  same  markings  with  the  exception  of  the  base  of  the  second 


"•11 


1«8 


DIITF.UA  OF  NOUT»  AMEUICA. 


u 


•  ';  ■■;/  ': 
''*^'''' ''■':'■/■■ 


'.»i-TS'i.i 


■.'•> 


'S.  ■ 


joint,  wliic'li  is  not  Mnclv.  I'oiscrs  yollowisli,  tlio  1)iiso  of  tlip  Iviiol) 
liliiclusl».  Wiii!:;s  ydiowisli,  iii»|tt'!iriiij:f  iiliiiost  truldcn  yellow  in  an 
oidirpio  direction,  witli  liii;ilit  !-|iiits  of  ii  violet  rcdcction.  lU'fore 
the  rioc'ontl  loiifritndiniil  vein  (Ik  r<'  iirc  two  sncli  spots,  tlic  first 
immediately  beyond  tlie  tip  of  tlie  fiiNt  lonfiitndintd  vein,  tlip 
«I'l'ond  Ix'tween  tlic  first  nnd  the  tip  of  tlie  second  lonu'itndiniil 
vein,  between  tlic  second  und  tliird  lonj;itndinal  veins  there  arc 
three  vioKt  spots,  the  first  of  wliieli  is  the  hirpcst  ;  il  is  sifinited 
under  the  first  costal  spot  nnd  runs  far  towards  the  liaso  of  the 
wiiifT  in  the  form  of  a  wedfrc  wilhont  sharp  liniitali<in  ;  llie  second 
is  the  snndh'st,  aiul  is  placed  Iiclow  the  yellowish  space  between 
the  two  costal  spots;  the  tliird  is  a  doulile  spot  aiiiiost  S  shaped, 
nnd  nintcd  to  the  second  costal  spot  with  its  anterior  end.  IJihind 
the  third  lon<j;'itMdinal  vein  the  violet  color  prevails  to  such  an 
cxti'nt  lis  to  leave  only  two  golden  spots,  one  of  which  is  jdaccd 
behind  the  anterior  Iiranch  and  the  other  ininiediatcly  behind  the 
])os1erior  branch  of  the  third  lon^riliidinal  vein.  Tlie  cilia  of  the 
wings  are  (piite  pale  yellowi.>li,  but  bltickish  where  llio  violet  spots 
reach  the  margin  of  the  wing. 

l/(ih.  Washington.    (Ostcn-Sacken.) 

This  species  reseni')les  very  nmcli  the  European  J)ij>Iosis  pavo- 
7)1)1(1.  Loew,  bnt  is  easily  distinguished  from  it  by  the  sniidler  ex- 
tent, of  the  violet  color  of  the  wings,  the  smaller  extent  of  the 
black  color  of  the  legs,  and  the  sharper  limitation  of  both  colors. 
Whctjier  the  male  of  JJi'jiIosis  pnvovlnu  has  likewise  tlie  joints  of 
the  antennic  alternately  dark-colored  I  do  not  know,  as  I  did  not 
succeed  in  discovering  it;  judging,  however,  by  the  appearance 
of  the  anteiniiü  of  the  female,  this  docs  not  seem  to  be  the  case." 

TI.  Galls  or  larva}  known,  perfect  insect  unknown.  (The  descrip- 
tion of  these  galls  and  larva;  is  given  below,  nnder  the  indi- 
cated numbers.) 

Oil  hickories,  Ctiri/a,  of  dilTeicut  kiiuls,  seven  species,  besides  one  belonging 

to  the  third  ciitegoiy.     (Xns.  1 — S.) 
On  the  gold(>n-roil,  Suliilttijn,  ai  iWlYvivni  kinds,  two  species,  besides  other 

two  belonging  to  the  third  category.     (No>!.  ft — 12.) 
On  V(irrl)n'iitn  (or  ^/(////»ss'rcfV»  ?).  one  sjiecies.     (No.  II!.) 
On  the  scrub  pine  {Pinus  innps),  two  species.     (Nos.  14  and  15.) 
On  the  red  maple  (Acer  ruhntin),  one  species.     (No.  17.) 
On  the  ash  {/•'rii.riniis  ami ricaiHi),  one  species.     (No.  18.) 
Oji  tlie  ojiks  of  dillereiit  kinds  ((^ii'  reus),  four  species.     (Nos.  lO — 22.) 


r 


CWIDOMVIA. 


ISO 


o   " 


On  th-  uil.l  irnipo  (  IV/m),  '>""  Hinnios  (No.  24),  .     liK'«  nnoth.;r  Imlwiigiii.^ 

to  til.'  tliinl  c.'itt'f.Mny. 
On  tlic  li<'inl.,.|iin  (('ori>iini.i  nmifie>iiin)  orin  »in'cics.     (No.  'l^u) 
Oil  th.'  tiilii.-tri'.'  ( l.iti»<t,  tiilrnii  hilii'lj'  nim),  two  cpocicH.    (Nos.  Hü  ami  'J.'. ) 
Ou  ll.c  willow  (><///>),  Olio  ,-pcc:ius  (No.  US),  Wsi.lcs  ono  l»;loii^iiig  to  lli.' 

tliinl  luitcgory. 
On  liu/m'ii  ns/iih-d,  OIK!  siu'cics.     (No.  "<".) 
On  tho  liliifUlK'iry  {liuhus  rill„^„s),  one  rti.ccics.     (No.  M.) 
On  .I'/r.'.s'/.s  hiln-ljliini  (.'),  <'»''  ^^l"'«^'! ''•■'•      (N<>.  :5"i.) 

III.    ri-rloot  insect  doscribcil,  ami  Us  hiUiits  known. 

On  till.«  oorijalri  (wliuiit,  ry«-,  <'ti'.). 

f  About  tho  liaMtM  of  thcso  w.-n-icuowii  insects,  sfe 
('.  (I<.ilrurh,r  any.  \  Dr.  Harris's  Tioatiso,  eto.,  aii'l  Dr.  Filuh'rt  iiapiTH  : 
('.  tritici  Kirl.y.      j      Tlio  llfssiun  Fly  (Tr.ins.  N.  Y.  Statu  Agric.  Soc, 

t      vol.  VI),  and  Tho  Wheat  l"ly  (ihiil.  vol.  V). 
C,  riihiiirnhi  Morris.     See  Dr.  Harris's  Treatise!,  p.  4';.'). 
On  the  looust  {Ruhiuia  jiti  iidiiitnii-ld), 

('.  rohiiiiii:  llahl.  Anier.  .lonrn.  Ai-'rie.  and  Sc.,  vol.  VI,  T.K^.  Mariis, 
TreiUisc,  etc.,  p.  4.')2.  (llahleuiairs  ])aper  is  also  lepiodiiced  in  the 
I'ruc.  ]i.>slon  Soc.  of  Nat.  Hist.,  vd.  VI,  .laniiary,  \>i>\K)  The  larva 
livi's  upon  the  leaves,  the  margins  <d'  which  it  defoniis  into  a  roll. 
It,  is  evident,  from  Mr.  II. 's  dcsci  iplioii  of  the  perfect  insect,  that 
it  belongs  to  the  .sub-geiiu.^  /Ji),l<..'<ii.  (.^co  also  Fitch,  Iteports,  vol. 
II,  No.  ;i;VwJ,) 
{,'.  ps.udnanirir  Fitch,  lleports,  V(d.  H,  No.  WM.  Tlio  laivn;  injure  the 
teiitler  young  leaflets  near  the  tip  of  the  stem,  cansiic-;  ihein  to  he 
folded  like  a  little  pod  (in  .July  and  August).  They  tiansforiu 
under  ground. 
On  tho  gooseberry  {Rtbis  urti  crisjin). 

C.  yrussulari.i  Filch,  licpoits,  vol.  1,  p.  ITd,  and  vol.  II,  No.  IfiO.     The 
bcriies  turning  red  prematurely  ami  becoming  putrid,  euntain  the 
blight  yidlow  laivie.     Dr.  hoi'W  thii)l;s  that  the  iierlcjt  insect  b.i- 
loiigs  to  the  sub-genus  .Is/./,.»  /.■////''(.      (.See  p.  7.) 
On  the  willow  (.S(W/j:  ri^iiihi  and  S.  lacidii). 

C.  Salicis  Fitch,  Am.  Quart.  Joiirn.  Agile,  and  Science,  vol.  I,  p.  21)". 
(See  al.-^o  Dr.  Harris's  paper  in  I'u.c.  Dost.  Soe.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  Vil, 
January,  It-Gt).)  The  gall  is  a  woody  tumor,  surrounded  by  the 
dry  and  biiltle  Urmiiial  bud,  at  the  tips  of  the  t'Aigs.  It  outains 
but  a  siiiKh'  larva.  The  name  of  the  siiecies  must  be  changi-d,  as 
there  is  already  a  Kuioiiean  ('.  sulitis.  I  propose  to  cull  it  C.  njiili . 
On  the  alder  {Alnus  sirnilnlti). 

C.  st-rrulal(i:  O.  S.     (See  below,  No.  lij.) 
On  the  hickory  (Carya). 

lHjilosis  fdi-ij  I'  O.  S.     (Sue  No.  1.) 
On  the  wild  grape. 


•4 
'.1 

■I 


'rt. 


■;> 


190 


DiPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Lnsinptrrn  ivV/s  0.  S.     (See  No.  23.) 
On  tliu  goIiU'ii  rod  {Sulidaijo). 

V,  soli  lilt  i/i  II  is  Lw.     (See  No.  9.) 

C.  /iirii]„-s  0.  S.     (See  No.  10.) 
On   Cliri/siij,sis  iitfiriiina, 

C.  c/irijfopsidis  L\v.     (See  No.  29.) 

In  conipiirinj^  this  list  witli  vsiiuilar  ciiunicnitions  existinj^  for 
European  Cevidomyice,  but  few  cases  of  analogy  will  be  fuund. 
ISucli  cases  are,  for  instance,  the  habits  of  C.  plni  Inopis,  nov, 
sp.,  which  correspond  exactly  to  the  European  C.  plni  I)e<rcer; 
the  gall  of  C.  strobikndes,  nov.  sp. ,  on  the  willow,  which  is  repre- 
sented in  Europe  by  G.  slrohllaua  Bremi;  the  analogy  between  the 
gall  on  Frdxinus  americunci  (No.  18)  and  that  of  ('.  butidaria  Wz. 
of  the  Enro[)ean  ash,  is  more  doubtful ;  likewise  that  between  the 
deformation  of  Ccrubesceiis,  nov.  sp.  (Xo.  20)  on  the  oak  leaves, 
and  a  similar  deformation  descril)ed  )iy  Mr.  Loew  (('.  <piercus  Lw.) 

Two  galls  occur  on  the  American  wild  grape,  whereas  none  has 
been  discovered  on  the  European  grape;  likewise,  althougli  eight 
galls  are  already  known  to  occur  on  the  hickory  (C<iri/<i),  none  is 
recorded  as  belonging  to  the  European  walnut  {Jtujluus).  Al- 
though galls  have  been  found  on  the  European  maple,  alder,  and 
blackljcrry,  they  are  different  from  those  recorded  below  on  the 
American  species  of  these  trees  and  shrubs,  liuhlnia,  Liriudcn- 
droit,  and  in  some  degree  Sulidoi/o,  being  peculiar  to  America, 
their  tjalls  could  not,  of  course,  l)e  expected  to  be  found  in  Europe. 


( 


ii:  •'■^.•|-.'■■    ■ 

%■'■'*' 


1^;. 


&   ■    ♦'■'■■?;1.  l. 


I  will  proceed  now  to  give  a  condensed  description  of  the  ob- 
servations which  I  had  occasion  to  make  on  Cecuhmiijup.  during 
my  residence  in  this  country.  Those  observations  were  made  in 
the  environs  of  Washington,  unless  otherwise  mentioned.  I  have 
followed  a  practice  adopted  in  Europe,  in  giving  names  to  species 
known  only  on  account  of  the  deformations  they  produce,  the  per- 
fect insect  not  Iiaving  as  yet  Ijcen  reared.  This  affords  the  advan- 
tage of  being  able  to  designate  each  described  gall  by  a  lixed 
name.  In  order,  however,  to  distinguish  such  species  from  those 
the  gall-lly  of  which  has  been  reared  and  described,  the  first  are 
simply  put  down  as  new  species  (n.  sp.),  whereas  the  names  of  the 
authors  have  lieen  mentioned  after  the  spicilic  names  of  the  latter 
(Ew.  or  O    S.) 


'.a 


CECIDOMl'IA, 


191 


1-8.  Oil  hickories  (Carijn)  of  dilTerent  kinds. 

Tlie  iiiiinoroiis  galls  of  Cevidow>ji<e  occurring  on  tlio  hickory  arc 
foiiiiil  iiKliirereiilly  on  tlie  various  species  of  this  tree.  I  liavc 
noticed  also  that  whenever  a  spot  is  found  where  one  of  the  galls 
occurs  in  abundance,  some  of  the  other  kinds  are  sure  to  be  found. 
Thus  tlie  galls  of  Cec.  liolotriclia  and  those  of  Diplosis  cary<f,  or 
those  of  the  latter  with  the  galls  of  Cec.  tiihlcohi  are  frequently 
uiet  with  on  the  same  leallet. 

These  galls  may  be  distributed  as  follows  (the  numbers  from  1  to 
8  corresponding  to  those  of  the  descriptions  given  below)  :  A .  True 
galls,  fastened  to  the  under  side  of  the  leaf  and  breaking  oil"  easily. 
u.  IJare.  1.  SnlKilobnhir,  with  a  sn)all  nipple  at  the  tip,  diani. 
0.05  to  0.1.  2.  EloiKjated  u)noH  shttped,  a  little  larger  tiian  the 
preceding.  3.  Conical,  contracted  at  base,  blood  red  or  ]>urplish. 
4.  Cylindrical,  erect,  inserted  in  a  cylindrical  socket,  b.  l*ul)es- 
cent.  5.  Subglol)nlar,  with  a  nipple  at  tip  (or  short  onion  shaped), 
l>ubescent  with  ferruginous.  6.  Subglobular,  without  nip))le  at 
tip,  finely  downy.  1).  Other  deformations.  7.  Swelling  of  the 
midrib  at  the  l)ase  of  the  leaf.  S.  Yellow  spots  on  the  leaves; 
larva  living  on  the  leaf  not  within  it. 

1.  JJ/j>l(tsis  c(ir//(C  Ü.  S.  Gall  subglobular,  smooth,  seedlikc, 
0.05  to  (».1  in  diameter,  with  a  small  nipple  at  the  tip.  In  sum- 
mer they  are  yelluAish-green  and  their  shell  Is  soft;  in  winter  they 
become  brownish,  and  the  shell,  although  thin,  is  hard  and  woody. 
They  begin  to  grow  in  June.  I  gathered  them  in  October,  when 
the  larva  was  full  grown. 

Each  gall  contains  a  single  larva;  it  is  white,  and  stouter  iii 
proportion  to  its  length  than  most  larvie  of  Cecidumi/ia.  The 
breast-ljone  has  two  sharp  poiiit.s  anteriorly,  with  an  ex(.'avation 
between  them;  the  tip  of  the  last  abdominal  segnient  has  no  horny 
processes.  It  undergoes  tlie  transformation  within  the  gall.  The 
pui)a  resembles,  by  the  structure  of  its  head,  that  of  C.  .sarof/iinnni 
\Vz.,  ligured  by  Mr.  Winnertz  in  his  monograph  (/.  c.  tab.  I,  f.  ('.); 
uajnely,  the  pointed  projections  at  the  basis  of  the  anlenn;f  are 
closely  appro.ximated  and  not  remote,  as  in  other  species. 

After  having  kept  these  galls  on  moist  sand  all  winter,  I  ob- 
tained the  fly  in  April,  (Description  drawn  from  a  fresh  specimen.) 

D.  cai-yae  0.  S.  (^  and  9.— Antenmc  pale;  J'  26-jointed: 
alternate  joints  a  little  larger  than  the  intermediate  ones;  verlieib 


'  .'if'l 


•ill-' 


T 


192 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


If 


■  '-■■<;*.■"«'».■,■' 


;^^: 


moderate;  pedicels  between  the  joints  rather  short;  9  14-jointed, 
joints  subsessile ;  front  and  month  pale  ;  coiiarc  with  a  blockish 
edge  posteriorly,  ending  on  both  sides  in  a  short,  black  streak  on 
the  plenne ;  thorax  pale,  with'  three  broad,  almost  contli^iious 
blackish  or  gniyi.ih  stripes  ;  the  intermediate  ono  is  snliounoilbrni 
and  sTij,flitly  capillary  towards  its  posterior  end,  which,  for  this 
reason,  appears  slightly  billd  ;  it  does  not  reach  the  scntellmn  ;  the 
lateral  ones  are  rounded  anteriorly,  narrowed  posteriorly,  and  end 
jnst  before  the  scutellnni  in  a  short,  black  streak,  comniiinicating 
with  a  l)ro\vn  triangle  on  the  side  of  the  scntelluni,  so  that  the 
latter,  being  jtale  itself,  is  inclosed  on  both  sides  by  the  black 
streaks  and  the  brown  triangles;  a  couple  of  black  dots  are  visil)!e 
on  the  pleura! ;  a  pale  brown  spot  on  the  pectus,  Ijctwecn  the  first 
and  the  second  pair  of  coxai ;  a  brown  sjiot  at  the  basis  of  the 
lialteres,  which  are  pale;  abdomen  reddish,  hardly  darker  laterally, 
and  with  a  tuft  of  hair  on  each  side,  near  the  posterior  margins  of 
the  segments ;  legs  j)ale,  with  a  nunute,  appressed  l)lack  pubes- 
cence, which  makes  them  appear  blackish;  wings  iinnnicidate;  the 
second  longitudintd  vein  j(jins  the  costal  at  the  apex  of  the  wing 
or  immetliately  l)cyoiid  it ;  cross-vein  indistinct  or  none. 

2.  C.  ctn-ijiccohi,  n.  sp.  (Jail  somewhat  larger  than  the  preced- 
ing, elongated  onion-shaped,  with  the  tip  prolonged  in  a  ])()int, 
pale  green.  Found  through  the  summer  either  in  separate  clusters, 
or  mixetl  with  oiher  galls,  for  instance  that  of  0.  hohttricha. 

3.  (^.  sitiitjiüiiokntn,  n.  sp.  Gall  conical,  narrowed  at  the  basis, 
blood  red  or  purplish,  about  ^).\^  high  and  0.12  l)road.  I  found 
them  for  the  lirst  time  about  the  middle  of  July.  At  this  time 
they  were  solid  inside,  except  a  narrow  hollow  near  the  basis  which 
cohtuiiied  the  small,  somewhat  yellowish  larva,  with  a  distinct, 
pointed,  spear-riha[)ed  breast  bone.  These  galls  occur  in  nume- 
rous clusters  on  the  same  leallet. 

4.  (\  tnltifo/d,  n.  sp.  (Jail  narrow-cylindrical,  erect,  about  0.15 
or  more  long.  They  break  olf  easily,  being  inserted  in  a  small 
protuberance  on  the  leaf,  with  a  sharp-edgeii  socket  in  the  centre, 
in  which  the  cylinder  fits  exactly.  Their  color,  when  ripe,  is  more 
or  less  l)rowni.-ih,  pale  greenish  at  ba^e.  'i'hey  are  hollow  inside 
and  contain  in  October  a  \vhiti,>h  larva  with  a  breast  bono  ending 
anteriorly  in  a  single,  elongated  point.  They  generally  occur  in 
clusters.  iSoinc  of  these  galls  are  found  covered  with  u  viscous 
fluid. 


CECIDOMYIA. 


103 


::(i 


end 


Early  in  summer  I  frequently  found  a  go.lI  of  the  same  form,  l)ut 
smaller,  generally  reddish  at  the  tip  and  easily  distinguished  by  the 
absence  of  the  basal  piece  in  which  the  other  is  inserted  ;  it  is 
simply  fastened  to  the  leaf  by  a  minute  pedicel.  Besides,  it  occurs 
always  singly,  frequently  on  the  edges  of  the  leaves,  whereas  the 
other  gall  is  for  the  most  part  found  in  clusters.  Is  it  the  same 
species  ? 

5.  C.  hohtricha,  n.  sp.  Subglobular,  pubescent,  onion-shape  i 
galls.     Diara.  up  to  0.1  or  a  little  more. 

They  resemble  the  galls  of  D.  caryce  in  shape,  bat  are  somewhat 
larger  and  covered  with  a  pubescence  which  is  pale  when  the  gall 
is  young  and  growing,  and  becomes  rust-colored  in  the  stage  of 
ripeness.  I  have  observed  two  modes  of  occurrence  of  these  o-ails  • 
either  they  are  scattered  in  numbers,  as  many  as  a  hundred  on  the 
same  leaflet,  or  they  grow  in  a  row  along  the  mid-rib  of  the  leaflet ; 
in  the  latter  case  they  are  generally  larger,  and  being  packed  close 
together,  assume  an  irregular  shape.  It  is  very  probable  that  these 
two  forms  belong  tj  two  difl'erent  species,  and  in  this  case  I  would 
retain  the  above  name  to  the  first  foria.  Galls  of  the  first  form 
begin  to  grow  in  June;  in  September  and  October  I  found  the 
white  larva  apparently  full  grown.  The  breast-bone  has  one  elon- 
gated point  anteriorly  and  two  projections  on  both  sides,  about  the 
middle.  At  the  same  time  I  find  in  my  diary  that  in  some  of  these 
galls  (it  is  not  distinctly  stated  which),  I  had  found  a  pule  orange, 
apparently  full  grown  larva,  with  the  breast-bone  ending  anteriorly 
in  two  triangular  points  with  a  rectangular  excision  between  them. 

6.  C.  persico'ides,  n.  sp.  Gall  round,  0.1  to  0.2  in  diameter, 
smooth,  without  nii)ple-shoped  tip,  yellowish  or  red,  clothed  with 
a  delicate  down  like  that  of  peach,  and  looking  somewhat  like  a 
diminutive  fruit  of  this  kind.  I  found  these  galls  more  seldom 
than  the  others. 

7.  C.  cynipsea,  n.  sp.  Rounded,  irregular,  hard  swelling  on 
the  under  side  of  the  hickory-leaf,  on  the  midril),  near  the  base  of 
the  leaf,  about  half  an  inch  long.  When  I  found  it  (in  .July)  it 
was  pale  yellowish,  and  contained,  in  several  small  hollows,  minute 
whitish  larva;,  with  a  breast-bone  narrowed  anteriorly  and  ending 
in  a  point. 

8.  C.  (jhUinnsa,  n.  sp.  The  small  yellowish-orange  larva  forms 
no  gall,  but  lives  in  the  open  air  on  the  under-side  of  the  leaf,  to 
which  it  is  attached  by  a  viscous  substance  probably  secreted  by 

la 


m 
m 

Bit 


111 


m 


mm' 


•  ■+•■►••;.  ■■. 


>kV 


■  -'«;■    ■ 
'•'«>  «•".'■ 

.'■■'■■"'A 
•  ■■■■•rv;';' 


194 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


tlie  leaf.  The  presence  of  the  larva  is  indicated  on  the  other  side 
of  the  leaf  by  a  round  yellow  spot.  The  structure  of  the  larva  ia 
peculiar:  it  has  rows  of  fleshy,  pointed  tubercles  along  its  back, 
like  the  larva  of  G.  pini  inopis  (described  below),  with  which  it 
nj^rees  in  some  respects  in  its  habit  of  fastening  itself  to  the  sur- 
face of  the  leaf  by  means  of  a  viscous  substance. 

9.  C.  soUduyinis  Lw.  Gall  on  Solidago  produced  by  the  arrest 
of  the  growth  of  the  stalk,  which  causes  the  leaves  to  accumulate 
round  the  same  spot  and  thus  to  produce  a  large  iml)ricated  de- 
fori-.dtion.  It  begins  to  appear  already  in  July,  but  the  flies 
escape  only  late  in  the  fall.  The  following  description  of  gall  and 
fly  have  been  prepared  by  Mr.  Loew : — 

"  The  gall  (Tab.  I,  fig.  8)  represents  a  globular  head  of  the  size 
of  Ig  to  2  inches  formed  by  hundreds  of  leaves,  tlie  exterior  ones 
being  only  little  altered,  the  interior  ones  becoming  more  and 
more  narrow  ;  on  a  closer  examination  we  easily  perceive  that  this 
structure  results  from  the  coalescence  of  several  deformations  at 
the  tips  of  abortive  twigs ;  in  a  specimen  which  I  dissected  I 
counted  five  such  shortened  twigs.  At  the  top  of  each  twig  there 
is  a  single  gall,  without  compartment,  somewhat  of  the  shajjc  of  a 
very  small  seed,  and  having  in  its  interior  a  cavity  widened  a  little 
undernec^th.  The  tip  of  one  of  them  (Tab.  I,  fig.  10)  show'cd  at 
its  end  three  small  convergent  lobes,  giving  it  the  appearance  of 
being  produced  by  three  coalescent  leaves.  I  could  not  discover 
this  structure  in  the  others ;  I  found  only  a  rounded,  rather  irre- 
gular opening  at  the  tip.  The  insect  which  produces  this  defor- 
mation likewise  belongs  to  the  geuus  Cecidomyia  in  the  restricted 
sense. 

C  solidaginis  Loew.  %  and  9.  (Tab.  I,  fig.  4— 7.)— Fiisca,  ab- 
dorniue  fasciis  rufis  et  nigris  picto  ;  antennarum  flagellum  in  mare  arli- 
culis  20  vel  21,  iu  foeminä  circiter  18 ;  alee  pilosse,  uigricantes,  venula 
transversa  nulla ;  terebra  foemiuie  modice  elongata. 

Fuscous,  abdomen  with  black  and  red  bands ;  flagellum  of  the  antennre 
with  2U  or  21  joints  in  the  male,  with  about  18  in  the  female ;  wings 
hairy,  blackish,  without  transverse  veinlet;  borer  of  the  female  mode- 
rately long.  Long.  corp.  %  O.ltj,  J  0.17.  Long.  al.  %  and  j  O.lO  — 
0.17. 

Thorax  with  the  pleuras  sometimes  brown,  sometimes  dark  fus- 
cous, with  black  hairs.     Abdomen  of  the  female  with  distinct 


CECIDOMYIA. 


195 


black  and  red  transverse  bands,  tlie  liittcr  less  distinct  in  the 
male ;  hairs  of  the  abdomen  blackish  with   a  lighter  reflection. 
Antennie  of  the  male  with  20  or  21  brown  flagellar  joints  with 
rather  long  peduncles,  the  uppermost  being  much  smaller  than 
the  preceding;  the  verticillate  hairs  very  long  and  rather  light. 
The  female  has  generally  some  flagellar  joints  less,  and  its  johits 
are  round,  with  shorter  hairs  and  without  any  peduncle.     The 
female  ovijjositor  has  a  very  moderate  length  and  is  little  pointed. 
Legs  of  the  female  black  without  white  reflection.     Legs  of  the 
male  much  longer  and  more  slender  than  those  of  the  female;  hind 
tibiae  and  tarsi  everywhere  with  a  white  reflection,  which,  on  the 
fore  and  middle   tibiae   and  tarsi.,  is  chiefly  seen   on   the  under 
side.     Poisers  black.     Wings  blackish  on  account  of  their  close 
and  long  hairs  ;  between  the  first  and  second  longitudinal  veins  no 
transverse  vein  is  visible;  the  second  longitudinal  vein  towards  its 
end  is  very  little  curved  exteriorly  ;  the  anterior  branch  of  the 
third  longitudinal  vein  is  distinct  and  nearly  straight."     (Descrip- 
tion drawn  from  dry  specimens.) 

10.  a  hirtipes  O.  S.  Rounded  gall  at  the  tip  of  stunted  stalks 
of  Solidago,  sometimes  nearly  an  inch  in  diameter,  smooth,  brown- 
ish on  the  outside,  solid  inside,  containing  several  larvjs  in  difierent 
compartments.  I  found  them  iu  August,  and  obtained  the  fly  on 
the  nth  of  September. 


C.  hirtipes  O.  S.     9.— Antennae  reddish-black,  22-jointed, 
joints  short,  subcylindrical,  almost  subglobular,  gradually  decreasing 
in  size  towards  the  tip,  separated  by  pedicels  which  are  shorter  than 
the  joints,  verticillate-pilose  ;  head  dark  reddish  with  black  hairs 
on  the  vertex;  eyes  contiguous  on  the  front;  thorax  blood-red,  its 
back  blackish,  the  usual  three  stripes  being  almost  coalesccnt  and 
separated  by  rows  of  erect  black  hairs ;  collare  blackish  above ; 
pleurte  blood-red,  with  indistinct  black  dots;  scutellum  and  meta- 
thorax  red,  the  first  with  black  hairs;  halteres  reddish  at  base,  the 
club  deep  black  ;  abdomen  red,  upper  side  of  the  segments  with  a 
blackish,  apressed,  rather  sparse  i)ubescence ;  cox»  reddish,  feet 
deep  black;  wings  with  a  dense,  blackish  pubescence;  costa  black, 
especially  along  its  middle  portion ;  second  longitudinal  vein  reaches 
the  margin  at  or  close  by  the  tip  of  the  wing ;  cross-vein  indistinct. 
(Description  drawn  from  a  fresh  specimen.) 

11.   C.  curhonifera,  n.  sp.     Pale,  circular  spots,  surrounded  by 


196 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


'•/V^  '.■  ■ 


'■'t  .;■'  ' ' 


;-i^ 


a  pnrplish-black  ring,  on  the  leaves  of  Solidago;  uiuler  each  spot, 
inside  of  the  leaf,  several  larva?.  I  found  them  commonly  in  Au- 
gust, and  observed  that  the  hollow  space  within  the  leaf  was  fre- 
quently filled  with  a  hard,  black  substance,  not  unlike  charcoal. 

12.  C.  racemicola,  n.  sp.  Bud-shaped  gall  among  the  racemes 
of  Solidago.  It  has  about  0.1  in  diameter,  is  green,  and  looks 
exactly  like  a  bud,  but  is  easily  distinguished  from  the  buds  of 
Solidaijo  by  its  stout,  rounded  form.  Each  gall  contains  a  single 
reddish  larva.     Not  rare  in  September. 

13.  C.  vaccina,  n.  sp.  Gall  on  the  leaf  of  Vaccinium  (or  Gay- 
hissacia  ?),  in  the  shape  of  a  cock's  oorab.  I  found  near  Wash- 
ington, in  October,  one  single  leaf  with  two  galls  of  this  kind, 
arising  from  the  central  rib.  The  largest  of  the  galls  was  about 
0.15  high  and  0.2  broad  about  the  middle.  They  were  green,  and 
resembled  pretty  much  a  cock's  comb,  or,  still  better,  an  oyster, 
fastened  by  its  hinge.  After  having  been  kept  for  some  time  on 
moist  sand,  both  burst  open  exactly  like  the  valves  of  a  shell,  and 
a  reddish  larva  escaped  from  each.  Both  wandered  for  some  days 
in  the  bottle  in  which  I  kept  them,  and  inclosed  themselves  after- 
wards in  delicate  semitransparent  cocoons,  formed  above  the  sur- 
face of  the  sand,  between  some  chips  of  paper  which  I  had  provided 
for  them.  Unfortunately,  both  died  without  undergoing  their  final 
transformation. 

14.  C  pint  inopis,  n.  sp.  Resinous  cocoon  on  the  leaves  of 
the  scrub  pine  (Pinus  inops).  Similar  cocoons  have  been  observed 
on  the  European  pine,  and  described  a  century  ago  by  Dcgeer. 
Katzeburg,  in  his  Forst- Insecten,  describes  and  figures  the  same 
cocoon,  as  well  as  the  larva  and  the  perfect  insect,  G.  pini  Deg.* 
Dufour  (in  the  Ann.  Soc.  Entoraol.  de  France,  183S,  p.  293)  gives 
an  account  of  a  Cecidomyia  with  precisely  similar  habits,  which  he 
observed  on  the  South  European  pine  (Pinus  maritima),  and  which 
he  called  C.  pini  maritimce. 

The  larva  producing  these  cocoons  is  remarkable  for  two  rows 
of  oblong,  pointed,  fleshy  protuberances  along  its  back,  and  a 
similar  row  on  each  side.  (See  Ilatzeburg,  Forst-Insccten,  III, 
Tab.  X,  f.  14,  L.)  Early  in  April  I  saw  some  of  these  larva) 
emerge  from  a  small  hollow  between  two  terminal  buds,  where 
they  had  probably  spent  the  winter,  and  crawl  along  the  leaves, 

*  See  the  same  figures  of  cocoon  and  larva  in  Wiegm.  Arcliiv^,  etc., 
vol.  VII,  p.  233. 


CECIDOMYIA. 


197 


aided  in  this  by  a  resinous  substance  which  they  exuded  abund- 
antly. Having  reached  a  certain  height  on  the  leaf,  they  stop  and 
remain  quiet  till  the  resinous  substance  covering  them  becomes 
hard  and  assumes  the  shape  of  an  oblong,  whitish,  semi-transparent 
cocoon.  Then  the  larvn  may  be  seen  moving  to  and  fro  inside  of 
this  cocoon.  I  did  not  succeed  to  rear  the  fly  from  the  cocoons 
which  I  brought  home,  and  when  I  returned  to  the  same  spot  in 
the  woods  about  a  month  later,  the  cocoons  were  already  empty. 

According  to  Katzeburg's  statement  the  European  species  spends 
the  winter  in  the  cocoon.  The  American  species,  as  just  shown, 
forms  its  cocoon  only  in  the  spring.  As,  nevertheless,  it  may  be 
identical,  or  at  least  closely  allied  to  C.  pini  Degeer,  I  subjoin  here 
the  description  of  the  latter,  translated  from  Mr.  Winuertz's  mo- 
nograph.    (Compare  also  llatzeb.  1.  c.  Ill,  p.  159.) 

C.  {Diplusis)  pini  Degeer.  ^  Antennae  somewhat  longer  than 
the  body,  brown,  basal  joints  yellow,  verticils  snow-white ;  joints 
strong,  stout,  on  short  pedicels,  double  joints  three  times  as  long 
as  the  pedicel,  the  last  joint  with  a  very  small,  nipple-shaped  pro- 
jection ;  hypostoma  and  front  pale  reddish  or  brown ;  palpi  reddish- 
yellow  ;  thorax  brownish-black  or  black,  with  two  rows  of  white 
hairs  from  the  coUare  to  the  scutellum,  and  one  row  from  the  shoul- 
der to  the  origin  of  the  wing ;  pectus  blackish ;  pleurae  reddish- 
brown  ;  halteres  white ;  abdomen  reddish-brown,  with  white  hair, 
forceps  blackish ;  feet  brown  with  white  articulations,  under  side 
silvery-white ;  posterior  feet  with  a  silvery-white  reflection  when 
viewed  in  a  certain  light ;  wings  milky  white,  with  a  white  pubes- 
cence, the  costal  and  the  two  first  longitudinal  veins  brown,  the 
third  longitudinal  vein  pale;  transverse  vein  pale,  but  distinct, 
very  oblique,  situated  a  very  short  distance  beyond  the  middle  of 
the  first  longitudinal  vein ;  third  longitudinal  vein  straight,  turning 
towards  the  posterior  margin  in  an  obtuse,  rounded  angle ;  the 
second  longitudinal  meets  the  costal  immediately  beyond  the  tip  of 
the  wing. 

9  Antennae  a  little  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  body,  brown 
with  gray  verticils,  basal  joints  yellow;  joints  of  the  flagellum 
about  five  times  as  long  as  the  pedicel,  last  joint  ending  in  a  small 
bud-shaped  appendage ;  hypostoiiia  reddish-yellow ;  front  reddish- 
brown  ;  palpi  and  thorax  as  in  J*;  halteres  brown  ;  abdomen  red- 
dish-brown, with  short  whitish  hairs,  more  dense  and  with  a  silvery 
reflection  laterally ;  ovipositor  short,  yellow,  with  two  small  oval 


198 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


Wi 


•  i 

s 


P><v 


i^-  A 


lamcls ;  femora  and  tibioc  and  the  anterior  pair  of  tarsi  superiorly 
black  or  black-brown  ;  Inferiorly  white  with  a  silvery  reflection  ; 
the  posterior  tarsi  have  the  two  basal  joints  black  or  black-brown 
superiorly,  silvery  white  inferiorly;  the  three  last  joints  are  silvery 
white,  sometimes  with  blackish  articulations ;  wings  gray,  irides- 
cent with  a  dense,  blackish-brown  pubescence  and  brown  veins ; 
cross-vein  distinct,  very  oblique,  situated  a  little  before  the  middle 
of  the  first  longitudinal  vein;  second  longitudinal  as  in  ^,  the 
third  likewise,  although  almost  perpendicular  to  the  posterior  mar- 
gin.    Length  J*  9  0.1  to  0.15. 

1.").  C.  brach yuteroldes,  n.  sp.  Swelling  at  the  basis  of  the  leaves 
of  the  scrub  pine  {Pinus  inops).  In  consequence  of  this  swelling 
the  pairy  leaves  diverge,  their  bases  coalesce,  and  the  sheath  at 
the  basis  of  the  bunch  bursts.  In  July  these  swellings  contain 
several  small  reddish  larvuj ;  in  winter  I  found  them  empty,  but 
having  observed  some  larva!  hanging  on  cobwebs  near  these  galls, 
I  conclude  that  they  undergo  their  transformation  under  ground, 
and  were  caught  in  these  cobwebs  in  the  attempt  to  leave  the  gall. 

The  habits  of  this  Cecidorayia  seem  to  be  very  like  those  of  C 
hrovhi/ntera  Schwiigr.  living  at  the  base  of  the  pairy  leaves  of  the 
European  Pinus  sylvestris.  Still,  the  latter  produces  no  gall  or 
swelling  whatever,  and  causes  the  leaves  only  to  wither ;  it  also 
goes  under  ground  for  transformation.  (See  Ilatzeburg,  Forst-In- 
secten,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  160.) 

ir».  G.  serriilatce  0.  S.  Deformed  terminal  buds  of  the  common 
alder  (Alnus  serrvlata). 

The  buds  appear  enlarged,  rounded,  pointed  at  the  tip,  having 
from  three  to  üve  lines  in  diameter.  In  autumn  they  are  greenish  ; 
in  winter  withered,  brown,  and  frequently  covered  with  a  whitish 
efflorescence.  Each  gall  contained  in  October  from  two  to  six  red- 
dish larvaj,  lodged  in  the  same  compartment.  In  winLer  the  galls 
are  found  empty,  as  the  larvie  go  under  ground.  By  keeping  some 
of  these  galls,  gathered  in  October,  on  moist  earth,  I  obtained  the 
fly  in  the  following  April.  It  belongs  to  the  sub-genus  Cecidomyia 
Loew.     The  description  has  been  drawn  from  fresh  specimens. 


1; 

K 

;  .'.■•»■. 

!' 

■-,'::'  ^■ 

.  :■.    :    .    . 

V 

A-vl^:^ 

C.  serrulatse  0.  S.  J*  »"^  ?  .—Head  and  antennoe  brownish ; 
mouth  and  palpi  paler;  antenna}  18-jointed  in  both  sexes;  joints 
verticillate  and  on  moderately  long  pedicels  (J*);  subcylindrical, 
subsessile  (9);  thorax  blackish  superiorly,  the  usual  tb;ee  stripes 


■■■   :'5-... 


CECIDOMYIA. 


1Ö9 


leaves 


being  coalesoent;  their  intervals  are  indicated  only  l)y  longitudinal 
crests  uf  erect  hairs;  a  reddish  spot  before  the  scutelium;  the  lat- 
ter brownisli  will»  two  black  streaks  at  the  basis;  sternum  brown- 
ish; tlie  rest  of  the  thorax,  as  well  as  the  abdomen,  arc  of  a  bright 
red,  especially  in  the  9,  where  this  red  color  is  more  apparent,  the 
abdomen  being  so  much  more  distended  ;  dorsal  segments  uf  the 
abdomen  brown  (which  color  is  produced  by  numerous  and  exceed- 
ingly minute  scales,  appressed  to  the  body);  stem  of  halteres  pale, 
knol)  obscurer;  basal  half  of  femora  pale  ;  their  apical  half,  tibiiu 
and  tarsi  browtdsh;  wings  margined  with  a  brown  pubescence 
anteriorly  and  round  the  apex,  especially  in  the  9;  cross-vein  not 
ai)parcnt;  the  second  longitudinal  vein  reaches  the  margin  a  short 
distance  before  the  apex. 

17.  C.  ocellaris,  n.  sp.  Ocelliforra,  red  spots  on  the  leaves  of 
the  red  maple  (Acer  rubrum).  They  have  about  0.3  in  diameter  ; 
the  margin  is  bright  cherry  red,  and  there  is  a  round  patch  of  the 
same  kind  in  the  centre.  The  interval  between  them  is  pale.  They 
appear  brighter  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaf;  on  the  under  side 
in  the  centre  is  a  small  depression  occupied  by  a  small,  transpa- 
rent, colorless  larva.  I  found  them  in  this  state  at  the  beginning 
of  June.  Later  in  the  season  I  observed  that  the  spots  had  lost 
their  fresh  color,  and  that  the  larva  had  disappeared  ;  I  suppose  it 
drops  to  the  ground  to  undergo  its  transformation. 

IS.  C.  pdlex,  n.  sp.  Rounded  oblong,  succulent,  subpellucid 
galls  on  the  ribs  of  the  leaves  of  the  ash  (Fraxinus  antericana). 
Diameter,  0.15  to  0.2.  They  are  pale  green,  and  the  more  ripe 
ones  are  slightly  colored  with  brownish.  The  principal  convexity 
is  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaf;  on  the  under  side  the  leaf-ril) 
appears  swollen,  pale  green  in  the  middle,  and  whitish  on  both 
sides.  Each  gall  contains  a  whitish  larva;  some  of  these  galls 
were  double.  There  were  one  or  more  (as  many  as  six)  galls  on 
the  same  leaf.  Towards  the  end  of  June  I  found  many  of  these 
galls  shrivelled  and  dry,  and  suppose  therefore  that  the  larva)  had 
gone  under  ground.  A  gall  apparently  similar  to  this  has  beta 
discovered  on  the  European  ash,  and  described  by  Bremi  and 
"NVinnertz. 

19.  C.  niveipila,  n.  sp.  Deformation  of  oak  leaves,  consisting 
of  a  large  fold  with  a  white  pubescence  on  the  inside.  It  begins 
very  early  in  the  spring  on  the  young  leaves  of  the  white  oak  and 
other  kinds  of  oak.     The  egg  is  probably  deposited  on  the  upper 


200 


DIPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


I 


n 


■;:.-:j.,?*  .• ' 
,])■''''■'■'■ 

I  ■<.  ■  1.'    .  V  . 

i  "'■#"' 

... 'f!  '.(•'-  • 
*>'♦;-.;;. 


\7'.t  -a: 


piirface  of  the  loaf,  on  one  of  the  ribs.  Tlie  irritation  cniised  hy 
tlie  hirva  produces  a  fold  or  cavity  in  the  leal",  lined  inside  with  a 
white  pnhescenee.  The  under  side  of  tiie  leaf  shows  on  the  oor- 
respondin«^  spot  the  swollen  ril»,  which  is  pale  green,  bordered  on 
both  sides  l»y  the  same  white  pubescence.  Tlie  galls,  according 
to  their  size,  contain  more  or  less  larv«;,  sometimes  ten  or  more. 
AVIien  this  deformation  is  very  large,  it  involves  the  whole  leaf, 
which  is  folded  in  two  along  the  midrib,  the  under  side  forming 
the  outside  of  the  fold,  and  showing  the  swollen  ribs  with  the 
white  pubescence  in  their  intervals.  On  the  25th  of  May  I  found 
some  oC  the  galls  considerably  grown,  thick,  and  swollen  ;  their 
jiubescence  was  of  the  brightest  white  ;  the  larvic  they  contained 
were  also  grown,  plump,  white.  Other  galls,  on  the  contrary,  had 
grown  but  little,  and  appeared  sickly  or  withered.  Tiicy  contained 
no  larvie  at  all,  or  their  inmates  appeared  yellowish  and  sickly.  I 
suppose  that  some  of  them  were  attacked  by  parasites,  as  I  found 
a  minute  hymenopterous  larva  fastened  to  the  skin  of  one.  In 
June  some  of  the  galls  which  I  brought  home  were  abandoned  by 
their  innuites,  which  went  under  ground  for  transformation,  but 
perished  soon  afterwards. 

The  larva  of  this  gall  is  white,  and  has  two  small  horny  pro- 
cesses, directed  upwards,  at  the  anal  end  of  the  body  ;  its  'jreast 
bone  is  truncated,  heart-shaped  anteriorly. 

20.  C.  eniliescens,  n.  sp.  Folded  margin  of  an  oak  leaf,  tinged 
with  red.  This  deformation  seems  to  resemble  that  of  C.  quercus 
liW.  on  the  European  oaks.     Occurs  in  the  spring. 

21.  C.  symmetrica,  n,  sp.  Hard  red  gall  on  llie  leaves  of  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  oak,  small  and  round  (between  0.05  and  0.1  in 
diameter)  when  single,  but  more  commonly  assuming  an  irregular 
shape  by  the  coalescence  of  a  number  of  them, 

I  find  them  chiefly  and  in  large  numbers  on  leaves  of  Qitercxs 
fnlcata  in  autumn.  They  sometimes  invade  almost  the  whole  sur- 
face of  the  leaf,  and  have  e.Kactly  the  same  size  and  shape  on  both 
its  sides.  The  single  round  galls  contain  one  larva,  the  compound 
ones  a  number  of  them,  depending  on  the  size  of  the  gall,  but  each 
in  its  own  compartment.  The  red  substance  of  the  crust  shows 
many  cracks,  when  the  gall  is  ripe,  and  is  easily  de*uvl:pd.  Under 
it  is  a  harder,  almost  woody,  yellowish  substance.  When  the  dry 
I'.iivves  with  such  galls  fall  to  the  ground,  the  red  part  of  the  crust 
generally  crumbles  away  in  part,  partly  it  is  found  erect,  forming 


\ 


CECinOMYIA. 


201 


a  japfrtd  fence  round  tlie  pall.  Such  galls  arc  pcnernlly  empty, 
tlic  lurvio  liiivinp  ))crliii|>s  pone  «nder  pronnd,  iilflioiipli  one  of  the 
specimens  which  I  brought  home  was  inclosed  in  a  dclicute  cocoun 
inside  of  the  pnll. 

The  liirvu  is  reddish,  and  has  the  usual  hrcast-honc  with  a  deep  . 
excision  in  the  middle  anleriorly  ;  the  two  lobes  thus  formed  nre 
rounded. 

These  pnlls,  as  I  remarked  I)cfore,  protrude  symmetrically  on 
both  sides  of  the  leaf.  On  other  kinds  of  oak,  especially  the  (|i)('r- 
citron  oak  {Q.  tlnvturia),  I  found  similar  palls,  but  on  the  upper 
side  of  the  leaf  only,  without  the  corresponding  excrescence  on  the 
under  side.  Those  I  brought  home  were  abandoned  by  their  larvic, 
which  went  under  pround.  Thus  I  am  very  uncertain  about  the 
identity  of  both  galls,  as  well  as  about  the  habits  of  the  insects. 
As  all  these  galls  were  found  with  larvtc  late  in  autumn,  it  is  evi- 
dent that  the  fly  escapes  very  early  in  the  spring. 

22.  C.  pocii/iim,  n.  sp.  The  so-called  oak  sjninghs  (Fitch,  Hop., 
vol.  II,  No.  40),  small,  circular,  somewhat  saucer-shaped  scales, 
from  0.1  to  0.2  in  diameter,  reddish  or  purplish,  covered  with  a 
white  efTIorcscence,  attached  to  the  leaf  by  a  short  pedicel,  common 
in  autumn  on  dilTerent  kinds  of  oaks,  are  generally  found  empty. 
In  the  beginning  of  August  I  found  u  similar  gall,  yet  succulent 
and  greenish,  on  the  post  oak  {Q.  ohtmiloba),  and  inside  of  it  a 
small  whitish  larva  having  all  the  appearance  of  the  larva  of  a 
Cecldomyia,  although,  on  account  of  its  minuteness,  I  did  not  suc- 
ceed in  discovering  the  breast-bone. 

Dr.  Fitch  is  in  error  when  he  states  that  these  palls  are  "  per- 
fectly the  same"  as  those  noticed  by  Westwood,  Introd.,  II,  p. 
130.  The  European  galls  of  this  kind  are  pilose  externally,  as 
stated  by  Westwood  and  figured  by  Reaumur  (Mom.,  vol.  Ill,  Tal). 
XL,  f.  13);  the  American  ones,  at  least  those  which  came  under 
my  notice,  are  smooth. 

23.  Lasioptera  vitts  0.  S.  Swelling  of  the  stem  and  leafstalks 
of  the  wild  grape.  This  irregular  succulent  swelling,  which  be- 
comes red  on  its  stouter  and  riper  portions,  extends  not  only  along 
the  stem  and  leafstalks,  but  also  invades  the  leaf-ribs.  It  contains 
round  hollows  of  about  0.1  in  diameter  with  an  orange-yellow 
larva  in  each.  Some  of  the  hollows  are  often  abandoned  by  their 
inmates  and  invaded  by  numerous  Thrips.     Having  brought  this 


202 


PirTEFlA  OF  NOKTII  AMEniCA. 


^,>- 


.  •■'■    .  ■» 


(Tiill  homo,  T  noticed  tlint  tlio  larviu  went  uniler  ground  and  ul)« 
tuincd  tliu  ily  on  the  2'.)lli  of  June. 

L.  vltis  O.  S, — 0.04  lon^',  pnle  r(MMi>li,  licad  liliickisli,  iiiitciiiiin 
,  black,  apparently  'ili-jointed,  filiforn),  joints  Itrniulcr  tliaii  Ion;.', 
sessile,  with  a  short  pnl)esccnc'o  (they  answer  exactly  Winncrtz's 
figure  of  the  antenna  of  L,  riifnWA.,  I.  c.  Tul).  IV,  f.  11),  two 
basal  joints  yellow,  thorax  blackish  above,  with  a  fjoldeu  pubes- 
cence near  the  coUaro  and  down  to  the  origin  of  tlie  wings ;  scu- 
telluni  palo  reddish,  abdomen  covered  superiorly,  on  each  segment, 
with  rows  of  blackish  scales ;  legs  palo  reddish,  wings  will»  gray 
pultcscenco,  anterior  margin  with  a  iilaek  fringe  of  hairs. 

24.  C.  vlticula,  n.  sp.  Klongated,  conical,  red  galls,  0.25  to  0.3 
long;  on  the  upper  .side  of  the  leaves  of  the  grnpe. 

On  the  10th  of  July,  when  I  found  them,  they  contained  palo 
orange  larviu,  the  breast  bono  of  which  had  two  points  anteriorly, 
with  several  small  indentations  between  them.  The  tip  of  the  body 
ended  in  two  curved,  horny  points,  directed  upwards. 

25.  Cecid,  pwlibunJd,  n.  sp.  Fold  on  the  leaf  of  the  hornbeam 
(Curpiniis  americana),  tinged  with  red  on  the  outside.  It  is  gen- 
erally situated  between  two  of  the  side  ribs,  and  runs,  therefore, 
obli(piely  towards  the  central  rib.  Inside  of  this  fold  I  found,  on 
the  15th  of  June,  exceedingly  small  whitish  larvic  ;  when  raagnified 
they  appeared  semi-transparent,  with  an  orange  spot  about  the 
middle  of  the  body,  and  with  numerous  short,  erect  bristles  ;  the 
head  is  distinct,  as  well  as  two  short  antennie;  although  I  did  not 
perceive  the  breast-bone,  I  have  no  doubt,  from  the  appearance  of 
these  lt.;va3,  that  they  belong  to  this  genus. 

26.  C.  liriodendri,  n.  sp.  Brown  spots  with  a  yellow  or  green- 
ish aureole  on  the  leaves  of  the  tulip-tree  {Lirlodendron  tidipifera). 

These  spots,  about  0.2  or  0.3  in  diameter,  indicate  the  presence, 
inside  of  the  leaf,  of  a  leaf-mining  larva  of  Cecklomyia.  It  is  about 
one  line  long,  orange,  the  exserted  portion  of  the  breast  bone  is 
truncated  heart-shaped ;  the  tip  of  the  body  has  two  short,  horny 
points,  directed  upwards.  (Similar  spots  on  the  same  tree  arc 
produced  by  a  lepidopterous  larva.) 

27.  C.  tulipiferce,  u.  sp.  Swelling  of  the  midrib  of  the  leaf 
of  the  tulip-tree.  One  of  these  swellings,  which  I  found  on  the 
27th  of  July,  contained  several  pale  orange  larvae  of  Cecidomyia. 
They  had  two  short,  erect,  horny  points  at  the  end  of  the  body ; 


CECIDOMVIA. 


203 


tlio  protnidiii}^  ])ortion  of  the  brcnst-bonc  consisted  of  two  trian- 
gular i»r(ijt'(!(ioiis  witli  a  triuiif^iilur  excision  between  them. 

2X.  (\  slroftilniiles,  n.  sp.  Terniiiial  buds  of  the  willow  (the 
siiccios  is  not  iiiiown  to  tno)  (IcforniiMl  in  tlio  shape  of  tiie  cone  of 
a  pino.  This  defornmtion,  communicated  to  nie  l)y  Mr.  llul». 
Ki'iiiiicolt,  who  fountl  them  abundantly  in  northern  Illinois,  is  an 
inch  or  more  long  ond  contains  several  reddish  larvas  nndir  ciicli 
scale,  so  that  the  total  numl)er  of  the  larvio  In  one  gall  is  very 
considerable.  A  precisely  similar  gall  has  been  observed  I>y  Mr. 
Uremi  on  one  of  the  European  willows,  and  is  figured  in  Ids  mono- 
graph (Deidvschr.  d.  Schweitz.  Oes.  für  Naturk.,  Vol.  Vlll,  tab. 
H)  under  the  name  of  Cer.  strobilana.  The  perfect  in.sect  liUe- 
wise  renmined  unknown  to  him. 

21).  C.  vlinjmpsidis  Lw.  The  gall  (Tab.  I,  f.  1)  occurs  in  Sep- 
tember on  (hnjsopsis  nmriana  and  was  communicated  to  me  by 
Prof.  Schaelfer  in  Washington.  Oall  and  fly  are  dc.scriljed  by 
Mr.  Loew  as  follows: — 

"  The  gall  consists  of  a  woollen  knob  of  nearly  the  form  and 
size  of  a  very  small  walnut.  On  the  sides  there  are  single  pro- 
jecting leaves,  which  appear  to  have  nndergono  no  deformiition  ; 
at  the  upper  end  the  leaves  of  the  extremity  of  the  shoot  seem  to 
be  a  little  shortened.  On  removing  the  rather  long  hairs  of  the 
knob,  the  interior  may  be  observed  to  consist  of  a  very  great  num- 
ber of  single  galls,  which  have  no  compartments,  and  coalesce  here 
and  there.  Each  of  these  galls  has  an  obconical  form,  unless 
modiiied  in  consequence  of  its  coalescence  with  the  neighboring 
ones ;  and  it  is  covered  exteriorly  with  hairs  growing  longer  to- 
wards the  upper  end,  and  resembling  the  ])ubescence  on  the  stem 
and  leaves  of  the  plant.  In  its  interior  there  is  a  cylindrical 
smooth  cavity,  which  the  perfect  insect  leaves  through  a  small 
round  opening  of  the  upper  end.  This  opening  ap[)arently  does 
not  exist  during  the  larva-state  of  the  insect,  since  together  with 
galls  which  were  furnished  with  it,  and  had  been  abandoned  by 
the  perfect  insects,  I  found  some  which  had  no  opening  and  con- 
tained the  imagos  dead. 

"  The  small  Gall-gnat  which  produces  this  deformation  belongs 
to  the  genus  Cecidomyia  in  the  restricted  sense,  and  may  be  called 
Cecidomijia  chrysopsidis. " 


204 


PIl'TERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


■m- 


C.  cliryHOp^^idis  Loew.  %  and  9.  (Tab.  I,  figs.  2  and  3.)— Pufa, 
thorace  fuscano,  antennarum  in  inare  articulis  17,  in  fcemina  Ifi ;  alie 
pilosfB,  cinereae.  venula  transversa,  nulla  ;  terebra  fa'miniE  longissima. 

Red,  thorax  fuscous  ;  flagellum  of  the  antennae  17-joiuted  in  the  male,  15- 
jointed  in  the  female  ;  wings  hairy,  cinereous ;  no  transverse  veinlet ; 
the  borer  of  the  female  very  long.  Long.  corp.  %  0.1,  9  0.14.  Long, 
al.  %  and  9  0.13. 

Red,  ou  the  upper  part  of  the  thorax  fuscous,  with  very  short 
hairs.  Pleurae  with  browu  spots.  Abdomeii  with  indistinct  brown 
l)ands.  The  hairs  of  the  abdomen  very  short,  appearing  light- 
colored.  Antennae  of  the  male  with  seventeen  (the  right-hand  .side 
antenna  of  one  specimen  with  eighteen)  joints  of  the  flagellnm; 
joints  on  moderately  long  peduni-'les ;  the  two  last  are  usually 
welded  together ;  the  verticillate  hairs  on  them  are  very  long  and 
rather  light.  The  female  generally  has  two  flagellar  joints  less, 
and  they  are  rounder,  with  shorter  hairs  and  without  any  pedun- 
cle. Legs  dark  fuscous,  in  some  directions  with  a  bright  sericeous 
reflection  ;  tips  of  the  knees  whitish.  Poisers  very  pale,  with  the 
knob  almost  whitish.  Wings  rather  dark  gray  on  account  of  their 
close  pubescence ;  between  the  first  and  second  longitudinal  veins 
no  transverse  vein  is  apparent;  the  second  longitudinal  vein, 
towards  its  end,  is  very  littl«  arcuated  exteriorly.  The  anterior 
branch  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  is  rather  indistinct."  (De- 
scription drawn  from  ury  specimens.) 

30.  C.  impatientis,  n.  sp.  Succulent  swelling  at  the  base  of  the 
flower  of  Impatiens  fulva,  in  September ;  contains  red  larvae. 
(Communicated  to  me  by  Prof.  Schaefl'er.) 

31.  C.  furinosa,  n.  sp.  Rounded  woody  swelling  at  the  base  of 
the  leaflets  or  on  the  midrib  of  the  common  blackberry ;  contains 
red  larvae. 

32.  C.  agrostis,  n.  sp.  Mentioned  in  Dr.  Fitch's  paper :  The 
Hessian  Fly,  etc.  (Trans.  N.  Y.  State  Agric.  Soc,  Vol.  VI),  on 
p.  38  of  the  second  edition,  in  pamphlet  form,  in  a  note  which  I 
reproduce  here:  "  I  doubt  whether  the  Hessian  fly  will  continue 
to  be  the  sole  member  of  this  genus  having  a  cearctate  pupa. 
Quite  recently  a  species  has  occurred  to  my  notice  analogous  to 
the  Hessian  fly  flaxseed  in  every  point  that  I  have  been  able  to 
detect,  except  that  its  larva-case  is  of  a  pale  brown  color,  untinged 
with  rufous  or  castaneous.  It  infests  the  Agrostis  lateriflora^  num- 
bers dwelling  together  in  an  imbricated  gall,  somewhat  resembling 


CECIDOMYIA. 


205 


the  fertile  aments  of  the  hop,  though  larger,  and  connected  with 
the  main  stalk  by  a  short  pedicel  which  is  inserted  into  one  of  the 
lowest  joints  of  the  cnlm.  Frora  the  coriaceous  texture  of  the 
larva  case,  I  suspect  the  inclosed  worm  will  not  leave  it  until  trans- 
formed to  a  pupa  and  upon  the  point  of  evolving  the  perfect  fly." 
It  deserves  to  be  noticed  that  Cecid.  graminicohx,  discovered  by 
Kaltenbach  (Winnertz,  1.  c.  p.  292),  having  precisely  similar  ha- 
bits, forms  an  apparently  analogous  gall,  likewise  on  a  herbaceous 
plant,  Poa  nemoralis. 


'I 


INDEX. 


ablnviata,  Parydra,  1G8 
Acalyptratae,  33 
Acanthocera,  20 
Acanthomera,  19 
Acanthomeridae,  19 
Acanthomyia,  17 
Acanthoneura,  49 
Acarterus  30 
Aclialcus,  32 
aciculata,  Psilopa,  142 
Acidia,  49 

acidusa,  Trypeta,  57 
Acinia,  49,  ßO 
Aciuia  comma,  58 

novjBboracensis,  78 
solidagiuis,  82 
Aciura,  49,  50 
Aclada,  13 
Acnephalum,  23 
AcreotricLus,  25 
Acrochreta,  17 
Actina,  17,  18 
Actora,  37 

Acurana,  23 

Adelidea,  25 

Ailraga,  18 

Aedes,  5 

renea,  Ortalls,  59 

aequalis,  Trypeta,  86 

Agromyza,  4ü 

Agromyzidae,  4G 

agrostis,  Cecidomyia,  204 

Aissa,  18 

alba,  Trypeta,  100 

albiiiipenuis,  Trypeta,  100 

albiscutellata,  Trypeta,  57,  60 

Ak'imus,  23 

AUarithmia,  11 

Alliocera,  18 

Amalopis,  10,  11 

americaua,  Blepharocera,  8 

Amictus,  25 

Ampsalis,  18 

Ampyx,  23 

Anabarliynchus,  24 

Anacauthella,  18 


Analcoceru3,  17 
Anarete,  7,  177 
Anaretina,  7,  174 
Anarolius,  23 
Audrenosoma,  24 
Anepsius,  32 
anilis,  Dryomyza,  128 
Anisomera,  10,  11 
Anisopbysa,  18 
Anisotamia,  25,  26 
annulata,  Gyuoplistia,  13 
Anomoia,  50 
Anopheles,  5 
Antbalia,  30 
Antbomyia,  36 
Antliomyidae,  36 
Anthopbilae,  33 
Anthrax,  25,  2() 
antica,  Sciomyza,  104 
antillarum,  Trypeta,  ürophora,  Or- 
talis, 57,  61 
Antipalus,  24 
Antiphrisson,  24 
Antocha,  10,  11,  12 
Apatomyza,  25,  26 
Apeilesis,  10 
Aphrites,  26 
Aphrosylus,  32 
Aplomera,  30 
Apoclea,  23 
Apolysis,  25 
Aporosa,  10 

appendiculata,  Paralimna,  138 
Aragara,  50 

arcuata,  Tetanocera,  115 
arcuata,  Trypeta,  Ortalis,  57,  60 
Ardoptera,  31 
Argyra,  32 
Argyromajba,  25,  26 
Argyrospila,  25 
Aricia,  36 

armata,  Trypeta,  Straiizia,  5'',  63,  65 
armipes,  Sepedou,  126 
Arrhenica,  10,  11 
Artemida,  18 
Artliria,  14,  15 


203 


INDEX. 


Arthropeas,  IG 
Asiliilae,  22 
Ariilina,  23 
A.siliis,  24 
Asiiidulum,  13 
A.  ;  liondylia,  7,  176 
Aspistes,  14 
A.steidae,  47 
asteris,  Trypeta,  58,  99 
Astomella,  21 
Asynapta,  7,  177 
Ataracta,  11 
Atherix,  20 
Athyroglossa,  132 
Atissa,  149 
Atomosia,  23,  24 
atia,  Psilopa,  143 
Atractia,  24 

atrovirens,  Ephydra,  1Ö9 
Aulacepliala,  33 
Autonia,  25 
avala,  Trypeta,  58 
Axysta,  149,  155 
Azaua,  13 

BaccJia,  26 
Bactrofyra,  51 
balioptera,  Disccmyza,  140 
Baryphora,  24 
Basentidema,  17 
BathypogoTi,  23,  24 
beauvoisii,  Trypeta,  58,  98 
bella,  Notiphila,  135 
bella,  Trypeta,  88 
Belvoisla,  35 
Beridina,  17 
Boris,  17 
Biastes,  18 
Bibio,  14,  15 
BibiouidiB,  2,  3,  14 
Bibionina,  14 

bituberculata,  Parydra,  165 
Bittacoiuorpha,  10,  12 
Blastocera,  18 
Blepharipeza,  35 
Blepharocera,  8 
Blcnharocera  americana,  8 
Blepharoceridse,  8 
Blepharotes,  23 
Bolbomyia,  17 
Boletina,  13,  14 
Bolitophila,  13, 14 
Boml)ylid£e,  25 
Bombylius,  25 
Bombylosoma,  25 
Borboridje,  47 
Borborus,  47 
bosuii,  Tetanocera,  108 


Brachycera,  2, 15 
Braohydeutera,  162 
Bracbydeutera  diinidiata,  163 
brachynteroidea,  Ct'oidomyia,  193 
Bracbypalpua,  13,  26 
Bracbyrhopala,  22 
Braohystoma,  30 
brevicauda,  Dicb,Tta,  133 
breviceps,  Parydra,  167 

Cabasa,  23 

Cacosis,  17 

Cadicera,  20 

Cadrema,  29 

Csenia,  159 

csBruleiveiitrig,  Psilopa,  144 

Calaiitra.  50 

caliptera,  Cecidomyia,  187 

caliptera,  Trypeta,  58,  60,  78 

Calliphora,  3.j 

Callomyia,  28,  29 

Callostoma,  25 

Calobaea,  103 

Calobamon,  11 

Calobata,  39 

Calyptratte,  33 

Campeprosopa,  17 

Campsicnemus,  32 

Camptoneura,  50 

Campylocera,  49 

Campylorayza,  7,  178 

Canipyloinyza  scutellata,  187 

Cauace,  158 

canadensis,  Tetanocera,  108 

carbonifera,  Cecidomyia,  196 

Cardiacera,  51 

carinata,  Notiphila,  137 

Carpomyia,  50 

caryae,  Diplosis,  189, 191 

caryoecola,  Cecidomyia,  192 

Catocha,  7,  177 

caudata,  Dichseta,  133 

Cjcidogona,  7,  178 

Cecidomyia,  7,  174,  176,  187 

Cecidomyia  agrostis,  204 

bracbyntero'ides,  198 

caliptera,  187 

caryaecola,  192 

carbonifera,  196 

cerealis,  187 

chrysopsidis,  190,  203 

oulmicola,  lb9 

cyuipsea,  193 

destructor,  189 

erubescens,  200 

farinosa,  204 

glutinosa,  193 

groäsularise,  1S9 


i>3' 


wsmm 


193 


,198 

),  203 
3tor,  189 


INDEX. 


209 


Cecidomyia  liirtipes.  ]90, 195 
liolotiitha,  193 
iinpatienti-s,  204 
liriodendri,  2U2 
iiiveiiiila,  199 
occllaris,  199 
ornata,  187 
pellex,  199 
persicoi'des,  193 
l)iiii  Deg.,  Diplosis,  197 
jiini  inopis,  196 
poeulum,  201 
psfxidoacacia",  189 
pudibuiida,  202 
racemicola,  196 
rigid.-B,  189 
rohinire,  189 
Salicis,  189 
.saiii,'ainolenta,  192 
serrulataj,  189,  198 
solidagiuis,  1!)U,  194 
spoiigivora,  187 
stroliiloides,  203 
syiuuietrica,  200 
tergata,  187 
tlioracica,  187 
tritici,  189 
tubiwla,  192 
tulipitV-ra',  r".02 
vai'L'inii,  19iJ 
vitioola,  1:02 

Cecidomyidic,  'i,  173 

Cecidoiiiyina,  7,  17  - 

Cephalia,  40 

Cepliali)e«ra,  22 

Ceplialmiiyia,  33 

Cepheiieinyia,  33 

Cerajocera,  50 

Cera'titis,  49,  50 

('eratopogon,  5 

Ceraturgus,  23,  24 

Cerdistus,  24 

cerealis,  Cecidomyia,  187 

Ceria,  26 

Ceroplatus,  13 

Ceroxys,  40 

Chalarus,  27 

Chaluochiton,  25 

Chauna,  !>•,  19 

Chcilopogon,  22 

Cheilosia,  26 

Chene.sia,  6 

Clietostoma,  50 

Cliionea,  9,  11 

Chiromyza,  17 

Chironoinidre,  5 

Ciiironoiiius,  5 

Chlorops,  46 
14 


Cliwrades,  23 

Chordonota,  18 

Clioi'istus,  25 

Chrysoclilamys,  26 

Clirysochlora,  17 

Clirysogaster,  26 

Clirysomyia,  18 

('hrysoiu)turt,  18 

Chrysopila,  20 

ChrvHops,  20 

tdirysopsidis,  Cecidomyia,  190,203 

ChrysoHoma,  35 

Chiysothemis,  4,  15,  16 

Chrysotinuis,  32 

Clirysotoxum,  26 

Chrysotils,  32 

Chy'liza,  38 

Cliyinophila,  26 

Chyromaiitis,  31 

cinctiix's,  Trypeta,  58,  60 

cingulata,  Trypeta,  76 

Cioiiophora,  24 

Cladura,  10,  11 

Clanis,  20 

clara,  Tftaiiocera,  109 

clathrata,  Trypeta,  80 

Clinocera,  31 

Clitellaria,  18,  ''.9 

ClinorliyDclia,  7,  175 

Clorii^oiua,  18 

Clanio,  6 

CoiUila,  23 

Coclopa,  42 

Ca'iiomyia,  16 

C(i.MioiHyiiia,  16 

CaMiosia,  36 

Colax,  21 

Colpodia,  7,  176 

conibiiiata,  Tetanocera,  116 

comma,  'l'ry|ieta,  58,  93 

Coiiiptosia,  25 

Coiiopiiia,  27 

Coiiops,  27 

Cordyla,  13 

Cordylura.  36 

Cordyliiriila>,  36 

Co  ret  lira,  5 

Corotlira  punctipennis  Say,  5 

Coriacea,  4,  4S 

Corniaiisis,  23 

cornifera,  Trypeta,  58,  60,  65 

cornigera,  Trypeta,  58,  60,  65 

Corsomyza,  25 

Corynocerus,  5 

Corynoiieiira,  6 

Corythopliora,  131,  132 

costalis,  Tetanocera,  118 

Crapitula,  15 


210 


INDEX. 


1-'*;*^??;  .'1.  ■ 


Crasppdia,  23 
Crassisfta,  4'] 
Creojihiliv.  33 
Critoneura,  11 
Croliilooenis,  23 
Crociilium,  25 
Cryptincura,  2(5 
Cryptolabis,  10,  11 
Ctenojjyiia,  10 
Cteuophora,  10.  11 
Ctt'iiostylum,  33 
Ctenuhls,  103 
Culcua,  IS 
CnU'x,  f) 
Cnlii'i<LT,  5 
Ciilifoiiles,  6 

culmicola,  Cecidomyia,  189 
culta,  Trypeta,  58, 1)4 
Cuterebra,  33 
Cyclogaster,  18 
Cyclott'lus,  It),  24 
Cyclorhynchus,  25 
Cylinilrotoma,  10,  11 
Cyllenia,  25 

cynipsea,  Cecitlomyia,  193 
Cynomyia,  35 
Cyphomyia,  18,  19 
Cyrti(l.-v,"21 
Cyrtiiia,  21 
y  Cyrtoma,  30,  31 
Cyrtoneura,  35 
Cyrtojjhrys,  22 
Cyrtosia.  25 
Cyrtus,  21 

Dacina,  40,  51 
Dai.'tylififus,  23 
Dactylolaliis,  11 
Dacus,  40,  49,  50 
Daciis  olene,  50 
Damalis,  23 
Dasophrys,  23 
Daspletis,  23 
Dasvbasi^,  20 
Dasylli:;,  23 
Dasyneura,  50,  51 
Dasyoimna,  20 
Dasypalj)us,  25 
Dasypogon,  22,  24 
Das^ypogonina,  22 
Dasythrix,  23 
debilis.  Philygria,  157 
Dejeania,  o.") 
Delphinia,  40 

(iestiuctor,  Cecidomyia,  189 
Dexidne,  33 
Diabasis,  20 
Diadocidia,  13 


Dialysis,  16 

Dialyta,  3'". 

Diauii'sa,  (J,  7 

Diapliorns,  32 

Diapiifsia,  14 

Diastata,  45 

Dicha'ta,  45,  132 

Dicluxta  brevicauda,  133 
caudata,  133 

Dichelacera,  20 

Dicraiiia,  20 

Dicrauomyia,  10, 11,  13 

Dicrauophora,  17 

Dicranophragiua,  10,  11 

Dicranoptyeha,  10,  11 

Dicranota",  10,  11 

Dicraims,  23 

Didea,  2ü 

Dilophas,  14,  15 

Diiuassus,  IG,  24 

Dimeraspis,  27 

dimidiata,  Brachydeutera,  163 

Diiiera,  34 

diuia,  Trypeta,  58 

Dioctria,  23 

Dioetria  octopuuctata,  24 

Dionomiir5,  14 

Diop.sid;c,  44 

Diphysa,  17 

Diplonema,  9 

Diplosis,  7,  17(3 

Diplosis  carya),  189,  191 
iiiaccus,  187 
pini  />(/.,  197 
robiniaj,  189 

Dirhiza,  7,  17(5 

Dischistns,  25 

Discocephala,  23,  24 

Discocerina,  45,  132,  145 

Diäcoceiina  lacteipennis,  145 
leucoproeta,  148 
orbitalis,  147 
parva,  146 
simplex,  147 

discolor,  Trypeta,  (14 

Uiscomyza,  45,  132,  140 

DisL-oniyza  balioptera,  140 

Dithryca,  50 

Ditomvia,  13,  14 

Dixa,  9,  11 

Dolichodes,  23 

Dolichogaster,  22 

Dolichoiuyia,  25 

Dolichope'za,  10,  13 

Dolicliopodidw,  32 

Dolichopus,  32 

Doros,  2(5 

Drapetis,  31 


•v.... 


INDEX. 


211 


L63 


Drosopliila,  46 
I)ros(»]pliiliil;i',  45 
Di'Vdilioiiiia,  yi 
Dryoiiiyza,  37, 128 
Dryoinyza  anilis,  128 

simplex,  128 
Pysclytus,  23 
Dyseris,  23 
Dysmachus,  23 

Eccoptopus,  24 
Kcliiiioniyia,  35 
Kchtliistus,  24 
Kelimus,  25 
Kctoi;e|iliala,  46 
Ectenojiriis,  20 
Eetiiiorliynchus,  2-4 
Elapliroiiiyia,  50 
Elii))hr()peza,  31 
Elasmocera,  23 
electa,  Trypeta,  71 
Elcctra,  4,  15,  16 
Elepliantomyia,  10,  11, 13 
EuiiiidiB,  30 
Eiupis,  30 
Enica,  25,  26 
Enicoccra,  51 
Eiiiconeiira,  25 
Eiisina,  4!> 
Ejiliippium,  18 
Ephy.lra,  4.',  150, 169 
Ephvilra  atrovirens,  1(!9 
EpliVdriiia,  45,  131,  158 
Epiivdriiiidie,  44,  129 
EpicercUa,  49 
Epiceriiia,  21 
Epidapus,  15 
Epidestnia,  50 
Epi<losls,  7,  177 
Epiphragnia   10,  11 
Epistroplie,  '^ö 
Epitriptu.s,  24 
EprobosciiL-e,  4 
Erax,  23,  24 
Ei'iocera,  10,  11 
Erioiraster,  3(t 
Eriopoiion,  23 
Erioiitera,  10,  11 
Ei'!i>so;ua,  21 
Eiii>lna,  3ii 
Eiistali.s  26 
Eristicns,  23 
Erodiorhymdius,  20 
eruliescens,  Cecidomyia,  200 
Estheria,  34 
Euarmostus  23,  24 
Eudiiieta,  17 
Euleia,  50 


Eulouclius,  21 
Eunierus,  27 
Euinctdpia,  39 
Eupaiyplius,  18,  10 
EupeitunuH,  15 
Eurina,  4t! 
Eurycaremis,  25 
Euscelidia,  23 
EutaiHus,  32 
Enthyneura,  30 
Eutohnns,  23 
Evaiiioptera,  10 
Evaza,  1  - 
Exapata,  24 
Exetasis,  21 
ExeretoiK'Uia,  21 
Exordiostdiiia,  17 
Exodontha,  17 
Exoprosopa,  25,  26 
exsculpta,  Ochthera,  160 

Fallenia,  22 

farinosa,  Cecidomyia,  204 

favillacea,  Scatella,  170 

festiva,  Trypeta,  Sii 

fimbriata,  Trypeta,  58,  60 

tlavescens,  Tetaiiocora,  113 

flavonotata,  Tryi)eta,  58,  (Je,  71 

dexa,  Trypeta,  Ortalis,  5^5,  61 

Forellia,  49 

formosa,  Hydrellia,  154 

fratria,  Trypeta,  67 

fucata,  Trypeta,  58,  95 

fulvifrons,  Trypeta,  Ortalis,  59,  61 

fuscicornis,  Pliilygria,  155 

fuscipeiinis,  Sepedou,  124 

Gabaza,  18 

Gastriciielius,  23 

Gastroxides,  20 

Gastrns,  33 

Geomyzida',  45 

Geranomyia,  10,  11, 13 

Geron,  25 

Glenantlie,  149 

Glochina,  H' 

Gloma,  30,  31 

Glossista,  25 

glutinosa,  Cecidomyia,  193 

(inophoiuyia,  10 

Gnoriste,  13 

Goiiia.  35 

Gonoglossum,  50 

Gonomyia,  10,  11 

Gonypes,  23 

Graphoniyza,  103 

Grossulariie,  Cecidomyia,  189 

guttularis,  Tetauocera,  lOÖ 


212 


INDEX. 


m 


■.••':'  i   v. -•? 

■  •-,■*  ■• :  t. 
''::  ?'■!;■  Vi- 

i;  ;■■  .X, 


Oymnoptormis,  32 
(ryuiiiosoiiin,  Sf) 
CryiuiKisouiina,  '■)') 
fiyii<)i>li.stia,  In,  ];? 
Oynoplistia  anmilata,  13 

IIal)ropocon,  23 

IliU'iiiasson,  9 
Ha<'iiiat()i>nta,  20 
Halmoiiota,  15!) 
Haltericerus,  "),  32 
Haploiii'ura,  11 
llarpamtM'US,  30 
Ilt'famt'd.s  132,  145 
Hi'U'oilromia,  31 
HHliL.'inoiu'ura,  23 
Hi'lciiiiyza,  37 
Ileloiiiy/.iila',  37 
Ht'lopl'iilus,  2i) 
Hemeroilionua,  31 
Ht'uops,  21 
Ik-rcostomus,  32 
llcrina  rulitar.sis,  59,  GO 
Heniu'tia,  18,  19 
lli'iiiK.'tina,  18 
Hesperinus,  10,  13,  15 
Hftei'oiuyia,  (! 
Heti'i'oiK'ura,  42 
IIiHcroiuniridie,  42 
Hctcropeza,  7 
lli'teroiioiton,  23 
llott'iostylmu,  25 
Heterotriolia,  14 
Hi'teroxycera,  13 
Ilexastoma,  20 
Hilara,  30 
llippobosca,  48 
Hippobosciiiic,  4,  5,  48 
llinnoneura,  21,  22 
Hirnioneuridte,  21 
Hinuoneuiina,  21 
liirfipes,  Cecidoiuyia,  190,  195 
Holopogon.  23 
holotiifha,  Ceciilomyia,  193 
Houialomyia,  3ti 
lloinalura  plunibella,  46 
Hoj^listes,  17 
Hopliistomera,  23 
Honnomyia,  7,  176 
Horniopeza,  oO 
humilis,  Trypeta,  81 
Ilyailina,  149,  155 
Hyalomyia,  35 
Hyl.os,  30 
Hybotidfe,  29 
Hydivllia,  45,  149,  150 
Hydii'Uia  formosa,  154 


IlydroUia  ischinca,  150 

hypoleuca,  151 

obscuripos,  152 

Boapiilaris,  153 

valida,  153 
Ilydrellina,  45,  131,  149 
I  Hydrubacuus,  5 
!  lIydi()i)lioiiis,  32 
llyproccleuthus,  32 
Hy li'inyia,  3lj 
llypenotes,  23 
Ilypodeiina,  33 
hypoleuca,  llydrellia,  151 
Ilypophyllus,  32 
Ilystricia,  35 

Ibisia,  20 

Idioptera,  11 

Illiuera,  35 

Ilytbea,  159 

inipatitfiitis,  Ceoidomyia,  204 

inerinis,  Trypeta,  Strauzia,  59, 60,  C5 

Inerniyia,  18 

Inopus,  17 

iiis(!«;ta,  Trypeta,  58,  72 

iiiterrupta,  Trypeta,  Ortalis,  59,  61 

ischiaca,  llydrellia,  150 

Isopogon,  23 

Itaniur',  24 

Iteaphila,  30 

Jiirinea,  35 

Labidomyia,  6 

lactt'ipennis,  Discocerina,  145 

Lattuehilua,  25 

Lagodias,  22 

Lampria,  23,  24 

Laini)rozona,  23 

Laiayra,  23 

Lai)arus,  22 

Lapbria,  23,  24 

Lapbrina,  23 

Laphvctis,  23 

Lapbystia,  23,  24 

Lasia,  21 

Lasiocnemus,  23 

Lasioniastix,  11 

Lasiopa,  18 

Lasioprosopa,  25 

Lasioptera,  7,  174 

Lasioptera  vitis,  202 

Lastaurus,  22,  24 

latifrons,  Trypeta,  89 

latiiiennis,  Trypeta,  Platystouia,  59, 

(50,  78 
Lanxaiiia,  41 
Lauxauidse,  57 


INDEX. 


213 


9,  60,  G5 
59,  61 


3ina,  59, 


Laxeiit'ct'ia,  23 

Li'caiiia,  2-i 

Lt'ja,  I'd 

Leiiiilophora,  25 

Lepisolaga,  2(.» 

Leptida',' 2(1 

Leptipalj)!!«,  20 

Lejitis,  20 

Leptopaster,  23,  24 

Lcptoinorplms,  13 

Leptopeza,  liO 

Leptoscules,  31 

Lejitoxys,  51 

Lestreiiiia,  7,  178 

lencoprocta,  Disuocerina,  148 

Lcucostdla,  32 

Liaufalus,  32 

litliteiisteinii,  Trypeta,  59,  92 

Lii,'3'ra,  25 

Liiaea,  2ü 

Liiunoliia,  10,  11 

Limnobiiia,  10.  12 

Liiiiiiol)ioiliyiif;uis,  10,  11 

Limnoiiliila,  lO,  11 

Lipara,  82 

Lispe,  36 

LisHa,  39 

Litorliyiichus,  25 

LoncliKa,  41 

Loiu'ha'idio,  41,  56 

Lonclireina,  41 

Loiichoptera,  2!) 

Loncliopterid.'ü,  2i) 

Lobioptera,  46 

Lomatia,  25 

lonpipennis,  T:ypeta,  59,  65 

Loi)horotu3,  23 

Lophüteles,  18 

Loxoceia,  38 

Lucilia,  35 

luctifera,  Sciomyzn.  107 

luiiens,  Scatella,  171 

liriodendri,  Ceeidomyia,  202 

Lyroneurus,  32 

maccus,  Diplosi.s,  187 
Macha?rium,  32 
Machimus,  23 
MatTocera,  13,  14 
Macrochile,  10,  12 
MacroiK'ura,  13 
Macropeza,  6 
macropus,  Sepedon,  125 
Mauroi'hyncha,  13 
Maeiostvla,  7 
Mallophora,  23,  24 
Maliota,  26 
Mantipeza,  31 


;  mantis,  Ochthora,  161 

'  luargiiii'iiuiK'tata,  Trypeta,  59,  60,  97 

:  Masicera,  35 

Müdt'teriis,  32 
'  Mt'u'a palpus,  25 
'  Mt^gapoda,  2  t,  24 

Mtfua|)()llioii,  23 

Mcgapiosopiis,  34 

Mc'Lrarliina,  5 

Mi'gliypi'i'us,  ÖO 

Mcuistoccra,  1(» 

Mogistorliyiiuhus.  22 
;  nielaiioirastra,  Tryjmta,  OO 

inelligiiiis,  Tryputa,  Ortali.s,  50 
,  Mt'litlireptus,  26 

Mi'lophagu.s,  48 
;  Melpia,  20 
I  Meracantha,  49 
;  Mt'i'odon,  2i) 
:  Meroniyza,  46 

Merosargus,  17 

■  MesoctM-a,  21 

i  Mesogramma,  26 

I  Mcsomyia,  20 

!  Mesopliy.sa,  21 

!  MeHsahi,  14 

i  Mctaba.sis.  18 

,  Metopia,  35 

!  Metoponia,  1  7,  18 

;  inevarna,  Tn    i'ta,  59,  Ofi 

!  iiK'xicana,  Tiypota,  59,  96 

I  Miuhotamia,  23 

MicrocL-ra,  31 

Mici'oclirysa,  18 

Mici'odoii,  26 

Micropalpu-i,  35 
I  Micropeza,  39 

Mieropczidie,  .'58 
I  Microphorus,  30 

■  Microphtlialina,  34 
I  Microsani a,  31» 

■  Microstvlum,  23,  24 

■  Midas,  22 

!  MidasidiP, 
;  Milcsia,  26 
;  Milichia,  4C 
!  Miltogramma,  35 

■  Mixteuiyia,  26 
i  Mdclilonyx,  5 

;  Moi'litlieVus,  23,  24 
!  Moriinna,  22 

Mulio,  25 

Musca,  35 

Miiscarias  calyptratre,  33 

MuscarifB  aoalyptratie,  33 

Musuid;e,  35 

Mycetobia,  13 

Mycetophila,  13,  14 


214 


INDEX. 


mm 

'VA 


Myccfopliilitlfo,  13 
Alvok'ia,  50 
Myoi..!,  27,  UH 
Myoiiiil.'i',  27 
}>lyn\<iu:\,  27 
Myogit frf,  THI,  .13 

Niceta,  49 

nana,  Sciomyza,  1<'4 
narytin,  Tryputa,  .''I'.i,  95 
Neniriiialpus,  It 
Ni-matoproctus,  ^2 
NiMiu'strina,  '22 
Nt'Uii'striniil.'c,  21 
Ni'uuicfra,  2,  .') 
Ncniiipoda,  43 
NiMiinrn'a,  15.') 
Ni'iiioiius,  2(1 
Nt'niot.'hi«,  IS,  If) 
Nt'iiludtonia,  IM,  13 
K.Tiiis,  ;U) 
Neiii'ia,  2") 
NeplirdftTus,  27 
NtTua,  18 

nik'ripalpa,  Sciomyza,  104 
niu'iivintriH,  Trypcta,  "I'.l.  OS 
nivt'ipila,  Ceuidouiyia,  1!'9 
No.lutis,  20 
Nimacris,  V> 
^•otiphila,  45, 132,  134 
Notiphil.i  bella,  l.'J.'i 

faiinata,  137 

«I'alaris,  134 

nnicoli)!-,  137 

vittata,  13(J 
Notiphilina,  45,  131 
nci\\Tlioraeensis,  Trypeta,  59,60,  78 
Nuceria,  20 
Nu.sa,  23 
Kycteiibidfe,  48 
Nygmatodes,  9 

obliqna  Mirrq.,  Trypeta,  59,  97 
oliliqua  >V(_y,  Trypota,  (iO,  99 
Olirapa,  IS 

oljsouripes,  Hydrellia,  152 
Obseliius,  21 
obsoleta,  Scatella,  172 
ohtusa,  Soiomy/.a,  HT) 
ocellaris,  Ceitiilonivia,  109 
Oohthera,  45,  ]4i»,"l50 
Ochthera  exsculpta,  IGO 

mantis,  IUI 

rapax, 1G2 

tuberculata,  161 
Ocnrea,  'zl 
ocresia,  Trypeta,  60 
Ocydromia,  30 


Ocyptamus,  20 

Ocyptera,  35 

Oiypterina,  34 

Odontomyia,  IS,  19 

Odontomyina,  18 

OedaUm,  30 

OlftTsia,  48 

Olis'odranes,  25 

Oligopogon,  23 

Onimatius,  24 

Oncodt's,  21 

Ont'odina,  21 

Onoodocera,  25,  26 

Opetia,  28 

Oploelieta,  50 

Opnniyzidrp.  43 

oiiin).sita,  I'hilygria,  156 

oibitaÜH,  DiscoL'ui'ina,  147 

Orellia,  40,  5(i 

ornata,  C'  ol'loniyla,  187 

Ornithf/niyia,  48 

Oiplmepliila,  6 

Oj'phnt'phila  ttistacoa,  6 

Ortalidre,  39,  49,  50,  56,  57,  58,  59, 
C.l,  S2 

Ortalina,  40 

Ortalis,  40,  93 

Ortalis  ainca,  59 

antillarnm,  Trypeta,  57,  61 
arcuata,  Trypeta,  57,  60 
llexa,  Trypeta,  5>,  61 
falvifron.«,  Trypeta,  50,  61 
?interrupta,  Tryjieta,  51),  61 
melliginis,  Trypeta,  50,  (10 
quadrifasciata,  Trypeta,  60 
quadrivittata,  Tryjicta,  (iO,  61 
?tabellaria,  Trypota,  60,  61 

Ortlioneura,  26 

Oscinida;,  46 

Osoa,  20 

Oscinis,  46 

Oxycera,  18,  19 

Oxyna,  40,  50 

Oxyphora,  49 

Ozodicera,  10 

Pachycerina,  41 
Pachygaster,  18,  19 
Pachygastrina,  18 
Pachymeria,  30 
Pachynenra,  15 
Pac'iyrhina,  10,  11,  12 
Pachystomns,  15,  16 
pallida,  Tetanocera,  113 
Palloi)tera,  41 
Pallopterid.T,  57 
Pallopterina,  41 
Palpomyia,  6 


i 


')7 

(M 

tj( 

I 

61 

'>',) 

,  f!l 

•>, 

(10 

ta, 

(;o 

t. 

ill,  tjl 

ilS 

01 

INDEX. 


215 


palposa,  Trypptn,  GO 

I'anilioiu'riis,  l!4 

I'ftiiiicris,  is 

Paii^'oniii,  lit,  20 

I'niii?()iiiiia,  ID 

Panojis,  lil 

Parattii:^,  li(! 

I'araliimia,  4r.,  131,  V^2,  138 

I'araliiiina  a|iin'iiiliuiilata,  138 

parallt'la,  .Si'imnyza,  ln-4 

j)aralU'la,  Trypeta,  <>i 

I'aramcuia,  31 

I'ari.sns,  '2") 

parva,  Discdci'rina,  14G 

I'arydra,  4r),  1.1!),  104 

Parydra  abhreviata,  liiS 

bitubt'i'i'iilata,  165 

bniviet'i>s,  IH? 

pauUuIa,  lti7 

(jnadrituht'ivulata,  105 
paullula,  I'.iryilra,  107 
Peiliculla,  17 
Püilicia,  1«,  11,  lU 
Pegesiinalhis,  22 
Pelecorhyiiohns,  20 
Pt'lidnoptcra,  103 
Pelina,  141»,  158 
pellex,  Cei'idoinyia,  199 
Peiitht'tria,  14 
Peodes,  32 
Pei'icouia  9 

persii'(iid(?s,  Ceoidomyia,  193 
Petalopliora,  41) 
Petalojjhora  t'apitata,  41 
Phala;noiuvia,  9 
Phara,  20  ' 
Phasia,  3.1 
Phasina,  35 
Phellus,  23 
PluMieus,  23,  24 
Philicmatus,  1) 
Philammosius,  23 
Philodiuns,  23,  24 
Philoliche,  20 
Plillopota,  21 
Pliilygria,  45,  140,  155 
PUilygria  debilis,  157 

fusuicornis,  155 
opposita,  150 
Phlebotomina,  9 
Phlebotomus,  9 
Phoneus,  23 
Phora,  4,  47 
Phorida},  4,  47 
Phoroxypha,  31 
Phryssopoda,  35 
Phthiria,  2r),  20, 
Phycodromidi«,  42 


Phvcufl,  10,  24 

I'hvllis,  21 

Plivllodromia.  31 

I'liyUophora,  IS 

Physj'gaslcr,  21 

Phytoiny/a,  47 

Plivtoiiiv/.id.'c,  47 

Piiil.'a,  21 

picta,  Trypota,  ('auiptoncnra,  50,  OO, 

01 
pictiiips,  Tetanocera,  111 
]iini  />'■(/.,  I)i|)l(isis,  l',i7 
]>ini  in()i)is,  (Ä'cidoniyia,  190 
I'iopliila,  44 
I'iojdiilida',  44 
Pi|iiza,  20 
Pipunculida',  28 
Pipunculus,  27 
I'ithogaster,  21 
I'lagiocera,  20 
Plagionourus,  32 
Platycejdiala,  40 
Platyidieirns,  20 
Platycnenia,  28,  29 
Platyna,  Is 
Platvpalpus,  31 
Platypeza,  2s,  29 
Platypezidaj,  2S 
Piatypygus,  25 
Platyroptilon,  13 
Platystonia  latipennis,  59,  78 
Platyura,  13,  14 
jdubeja,  Tetanocera,  120 
IMecia,  15 
Plesiastina,  13,  14 
Plesiocera,  25 
Plesiomma,  23,  24 
Pleurocerina,  27 
Plinthina,  20 
Ploas,  25 

pluniosa,  Tetanocera,  121 
poculum,  Cecidoniyia,  201 
Pogonosoma,  23 
polita,  Tryj)eta,  77 
Pollenia,  35 
Polydonta,  20 
Polymera,  1(»,  11 
Pulyjihoniuri,  23 
Poiaacera,  22 
Porphyrojjs,  32 
Posthon,  9 
Prionella,  49 
Prionocera,  10 
Priouolabis,  11 
Prionomyia,  6 
Proagonistes,  24 
I'roboscidea,  4 
Prochyliza,  38,  44 


216  INDEX. 


Prootacaiitlnifl,  2n,  U4 

l'r<(lc|iHis,  -','> 

l'i'f)iiiiicliiis,  2.'i,  24 

I'roinci'.'iiu^.'i,  18 

I'ronoiii's,  "Jn 

l'r(>s(Mi,'i,  :!4 

I'rotopliiiiii'S,  '2'.\ 

Profoplasa,  Id,  11,  12 

I'H.'iiniiioryitiM",  2(1 

I'saniH,  27 

psi'ii(l();u%'iciii',  (/'üci<lüuiyi.'i,  IM) 

I'scuiloriis,  215 

Psilii,  MS 

I'nili.la',  :iS 

pMiloui'plialiv,  24 

Psiloilcra,  21 

Psilopa,  4r..  i:52,  141 

Pailopiv  «cii'ulata,  142 

atrn,  14:t 

cDPrulfivc'iitrir«,  144 

seoriauca,  142 

uinluoaii,  143 
Psilopus,  Ii2 
Psiinta,  27 
Psoi'dpliora,  5 
Psyi'hotla,  1) 
Psychoilidio,  9 
Ps.vc'liodina,  IJ 
Ptt'ctifiis,  17 
Pturocosinus,  10,  13 
Pterodontin,  21 
Pteropexus,  21 
Pteiospilus,  30 
Ptilocera,  IS 
Ptiloiiyiia,  10 
PtiolVna,  20 
Ptyuhoptera,  10,  11,  12 
Ptychopterina,  12 
pubera,  Soiouiy/a,  ICHI 
pii(lil)uii(la,  Ccoidoinyia,  202 
puuctipeniiis,  Coiftliia,  5 
pusillus,  Srpfclon,  127 
Pycnomalla,  18 
Pyuiiopogon,  23 
Pyrellia,  30 
Pyrgota,  40 

quiidrifasciata  ll'd//;.,  Trypota,  Orta- 

lis,  GO 
quadrifasciata  Mac//.,  Trypeta,  (JO,  98 
quadritiibi'iculata,  I'arydra,  1(J5 
quadrivittata,  Ortalis,  (iO,  Ol 

racemicola,  Cecidomyia,  196 
Rachicerina,  If! 
Ratdiicerus,  4,  10,  17 
Racliiptera,  50 
Eagas,  30 


rapax,  Orlitlicra,  lil2 

llapliii)ci'ia,  17 

Itapliioi'liyiicliiiH,  li) 

l!hai>d(iL!aHtt>r,  23 

liliadiiMiM,  23 

KliadiurunH,  24 

Wliaiiiplii.Ua,  11).  11,  12 

Uliaiiiplioniyia,  30 

ltlia|iliiuiii,  32 

liliiii>iia,  2ii 

lUiiii(iiiiv/a,  2h 

liliipidia,  III,  11 

lÜK.palia,  22 

KlidpalonasttT,  23 

llliyiudiofcplialiiia,  21 

lUiyiKdidocpliaiiis,  22 

lUiypliidii',  3,  1,') 

Rliypluis,  If) 

I'iuida',  Cociilomyia,  ISO 

Kioxa,  SI 

lüvcllia,  40.  .»JO 

rciliiiiia',  l>ipl(>,sis,  18!) 

Uosaplia,  Is 

rotundic'orni-i  Tct.iiincora,  123 

I'dluiiiliiK'Hir'        rypi'ta,  79 

rulltarsis,  1}  'f)9,  (JO 

Sabetlies,  f) 

Saci'optervx,  9 

Haldiiba,  17 

.xalii'is,  Cecidomyia,  ISO 

saiiguinolenta,  Ct'uidouiyia,  192 

Sapioniyza,  41 

!Sapi'oinyzida%  41,  .').'),  'i7 

saratogensis,  Tctanoceia,  119 

Sarc'ophaga,-35 

Saicoi)liagidie,  155 

Sargina,  17 

Sargus«,  18 

Saiopogon,  22,  23 

Saiuga,  18 

!sauLTt)i)us,  32 

irjc'i'va,  2(i 

.«calaris,  Notiphila,  134 

Suaiidon,  23 

Suaptia,  20 

soapularis,  Hydrellia,  153 

tscarphia,  20 

Scatella,  45,  159,  170 

favillaiM-a,  170 

lugons,  171 

obsoleta,  172 
Scatopliaga,  3(i 
Scatopse,  14,  15 
Scatopsina,  14 
Scellus_,  32 
Scenojiinidic,  2S 
Sceiu)pimis,  27 


INDEX. 


217 


.Scliii'iiomvza,  37 

tjfianv,  14 

Bi'ioliin,  l:t 

HciiMliomiii,  rsi 

öciüiiiy/n,  ;i7,  K'4 

niiticd,  l(t4 
lu.'titVni,  I117 
iiiuiM.  1114 
liiuriii,'il|)n,  104 

olltllSM,    111.') 

Vnrall.'lii,  104 

<  IMlll.'IM,  l(i(j 
Sciomyzidiu,  37,  lo3 
Scidiic,  120 
öui(Hiliiln,  13,  14 
scori.'U'fii,  I'silopa,  142 
Hfiit.'UariH,  TryiH'ta,  (io,  1)2 
seutt'llata,  Caüipyloiiiyza,  187 
81-utcllata,  Tryiieta,  liO,  1)2 
Si-ylatii'us,  2:J 
Si'IaHouia,  20 
Soiioliasis,  23 
Seiinpterina,  51 
St'iwinn,  :n,  104.  124 
Sepeilou  ariiiiiicrJ,  12() 

fusfiiK'nnis,  124 

rnai^ropus,  125 

piisillua,  127 
Sopsidm,  4;J 
Sei)sis,  43 

Pejitt'iiaiia,  Trypeta,  (JO 
si'i-iata,  Trypeta,  84 
Sericouiyia,  2(! 
Serifosoma,  2.') 

serrulat.T,  LVcidomyia,  189,  198 
Silvias,  20 

siiiiiilex,  Discoct'riiia,  147 
simple.x,  Dryomyza,  128 
Siimiliila»,  14 
Simulium,  14 
Siplionella,  4(5 
Sisyrnoilytcs,  23 
Sitaria,  49 
Smiliotus,  32 
solaris,  Trypeta,  .'»9,  84 
solid.agiiiis,  Cecidoniyia,  190,  194 
solidaginis,  Trypeta,  CO,  82,  94 
Solva,  18 
Somula,  2G 
Spauia,  20 
Spaniocera,  7,  174 
Spanurus,  23 
Sparnopolius,  2.5 
sparsa,  Tetanocera,  117 
sparsa,  Trypeta,  CO,  78 
Spathuliiia,  ."jO      * 
Spliieromyias,  6 


Spliftii'ojilioria.  2(5 

Splii'ciiiiiyia,  2i5 

i^piii-uina,  2(i 

.^plieliella.  49 

Spliyiacepliala,  44 

ypodius,  if) 

.^poiriistylmii,  2.'f 

Hpoiiu'ivori;,  Cei'idoinyia,  187 

Sipyiiiliipa,  Is 

.^tai'hyiiia,  27,  28 

t^tcu'aiia,  4C 

.'^ti'naiia  liypdlciKM,  40 

ytciiopdu'oii,  2H,  24 

StciiopioitiiH,  3n 

StciKiprosopis.  23 

yti'n()i)t('riiia,  ."il 

tStiTiKilirithcs.  IS 

Stii'li()p()i,'oii,  23,  24 

Stilpiidgaster  24 

ytoinoxys,  3.1 

Htratimiiyi(l;e,  4,  17 

Stratioiiiys,  Is,  19 

Strauzia,  49 

Strauzia  aniiata,  .^s,  G.*) 
ineniiis,  .09,  ()'> 

StreI)Ia,  48 

strobiloides,  Cecidoiuyia,  2u3 

Struiiu'ta,  .M 

struthio,  Tetanocera,  121 

tJtylia,  49 

suavis,  Tryptfta,  75 

Siibula,  15,  IC 

suspeiisa,  Trypeta,  59,  C9 

Syliistroina,  32 

Sycorax,  9 

Symnierus,  13 

.'symmetrica,  Cecidomyia,  2(.>0 

Symmiotus,  22 

Symplecta,  lo,  11 

Sympycuns,  32 

Syua[ilia,  14 

Synarthrus,  32* 

Syndyas,  30 

Syiieches,  30 

Synolciis,  23 

Syiitoniioii,  32 

Syrpliida%  2G 

Öyri)lms,  2G 

Syritta,  2G 

Systenus,  32 

Systu'cdui.s,  25 

Systropus,  25 

Tabanidfo,  4,  19 

Tahanina,  19 

Tabanocella,  20 

Tabanus,  2o 

tabellaria,  Trypeta,  Ortalis,  Co,  Gl 


218 


INDEX. 


Tabuda,  24 

Tachina,  35 

Tachini<l!e,  34 

Tachinina,  34 

Tauhydromia,  31 

Tachydroniid.T,  31 

Tachytreclius,  32 

Ta.'iua,  20 

Treniapterre,  39 

Tanypus,  5 

Tanyrhina,  8 

Tapinocera,  23 

Temnocera,  2ij 

Tepliritis,  41»,  fiO 

Tephritis  llavonotata,  71 
trimaculata,  05 

Teratopus,  23 

ferellia,  49,  50 

teix't.ta,  Cecidomyia,  187 

Terphis,  21 

testacea,  Orphnephila,  6 

Tetanocera,  37,  107,  103 

Tetanocera  arcuata,  115 
Boscii,  108 
canadensis,  108 
Clara,  101) 
combinata,  116 
oor'.ali.s,  lis 
fl;i  'escens,  113 
giutularis,  108 
pallida,  113 
pictipes,  111 
plebeja,  120 
pluinosa,  121 
rotumlicornis,  123 
saratogensis,  lit) 
spars  a,  117 
strntliio,  121 
triangularis,  122 
valida,  110 
vicina,  121 

Tetanopina,  40 

Tetraiioueura,  13,  14 

Teucholabis,  10,  11 

Teuchopliorus,  32 

Thalassomyia,  (5 

Thaumalea,  (> 

Thecomyia,  103 

Themnra,  50 

Thereua,  24 

Thereutria,  23 

Therevidfe,  24 

Therioplectes,  20 

Thiuophilus,  32 

Thlipsomyza,  25 

thoracica,  Cecidomyia,  187 

Thorasena, 18 

Ticliomyza,  159 


Tinda,  18 

Tipula,  10,  11 

Tipulidse,  i) 

Tipulina,  10, 11 

Tolmerus,  24 

Tomomyza,  25 

Toxoeera,  17 

Toxonierus,  27 

Toxophora,  25 

'I'oxorhina,  10 

Toxura,  4!) 

Tracana,  18 

triangularis,  Tetanocera,  122 

tribulis,  Tryputa,  (JO 

Tncliocera,  lO,  11 

Trichodura,  34 

Trichomyia,  9 

Trichoneura,  11 

Tri'dionotus,  23 

Tricliopeza,  30 

Trichoplithalma,  22 

Trichopoda,  35 

Trichopsidea,  22 

Triclis,  23 

Tricyphona,  10 

trifasciata,  Trypeta,  00 

trimaculata,  Trypeta,  tiO,  C5 

Trimerina,  132 

Triplasius,  25 

Triptotricha,  20 

tritici,  Cecidomyia,  189 

Tritozyga,  177,  178 

Tropidia,  2(5 

Trupanea,  49 

Trypeta,  41,57,  62 

Trypeta  acidusa,  57 
ae(iualis,  86 
alba,  100 
albidipennis,  100 
albiscutellata,  57,  60 
antillarum,  57,  61 
arcuata,  57,  GO 
armata,  58,  60,  65 
asteris,  58,  99 
avala,  58 
beauvoisii,  58,  98 
bella,  88 

caliptera,  58,  60,  78 
cinctipes,  58,  60 
cingulata,  76 
clathrata,  80 
comma,  58,  93 
cornigera,  58,  60,  65 
cornifera,  58,  60,  65 
culta,  58,  94 
dinia,  58 
discolor,  64 
electa,  71 


INDEX. 


219 


Trypetn,  festiva,  S6 

limbriata,  58,  HO 
flavoiiotata,  58,  GO,  71 
flexa,  58,  (il 
fratria,  G7 
fucata,  58,  95 
fulvifrons,  51),  61 
liumilis,  81 
inermis,  5i),  GO,  65 
insecta,  58,  72 
iuterrupta,  51),  61 
latifrons,  89 
latiixüinis,  59,  f',0,  78 
liflitensteinii,  59,  92 
longipennis,  59,  G5 
niargineiniuctata,  59,  60,  97 
nieluiioga.stra,  90 
mt'Iliginis,  59,  GO 
nievariia,  59,  95 
nn'xicana,  59,  96 
narytia,  59,  95 
novreboracensis,  59,  60,  78 
iiisriventris,  59,  98 
obliqua  Macq.,  59,  97 
oblitiua  Say,  GO,  99 
ocresia,  GO 
parallel»,  51 
palposa,  60,  74 
picta,  GO,  Gl 
polita,  77 

qujuliifasciata  Walk.,  GO 
quadrifasuiata  Mao/.,  60,  98 
quath'ivittata,  GO,  61 
rotuiiilipeiiuis,  7i' 
seutellaris.  Go,  9-J 
sciitellata,  Gn,  96 
septenaria,  liO 
seriata,  84 
Solaris,  59,  84 
solidaginis,  (lO,  82 
sparsa,  GO,  78 
snavis,  75 
suspensa,  59,  G9 
tabellaiia,  G(t,  01 
tribulis,  GO 
trifasoiata,  GO 
triiuaculata,  GO,  G5 


Trypeta  i;nicolor,  50,  60,  70 
vernoiiic"c,  1(»1 
villosa,  GO,  99 
Trypeti(la<,  40,  49,  56 
Tryp.'tiiia,  40,  51,  52,  53 
TryiKiderma,  33 
tuberculata,  Oclithera,  IGl 
tubicola,  Cecidomyia,  1I)"J 
tulipiferte,  Cecidomyia,  ll02 

Ula,  10, 11 
Ulomyia,  9 

uml)rosa,  Psilopa,  143 
unieolor,  Notiphila,  137 
nnioolor,  Trypeta,  59,  60,  70 
Urellia,  49 
Urophora,  49,  50,  57 
Usia,  25 

vaccinii,  Cecidomyia.  196 
valida,  Hydr(41ia,  153 
valida,  Tetanocera,  110 
Vermileo,  20 
vernonia;,  Trypeta,  101 
vicina,  Tetanocera,  121 
villosa,  Trypeta,  GO,  99 
viticola,  Cecidomyia,  202 
vitis,  Lasioptera,  2u2 
vittata,  Notiphila,  136 
Volucella,  26 

Wiedemannia,  31 

Xantlioclilorus,  32 
Xarnuta,  50 
Xenomorplia,  17 
Xeslomyza,  24 
Xiphocerus,  23 
Xylophagida?,  3.  4,  15 
Xylophagiua,  llJ 
Xylophattus,  15,  16 
Xylota,  2G 
Xyphandriiim,  32 
Xyphosia,  49 

Zodion,  27,  28 
Zygoneura,  7,  177 


220 


ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS. 


ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS.« 


Page  2,  line  2  from  tlie  bottom,  for  of  the  Bibiouidre  read  <>/  some  Bibio- 
nidre.   (Loew.) 

Page  4,  lines  2  and  5  from  top,  for  Slratinmydw  read  Sirdliomi/id  r. 
"     5,  line  0  from  the  bottom  should  rea«!  tlius  :  South.  Contlini  is  repre- 
sented in  N.  A.  by  C\  pitnctijxiniis  Say.  (Lokw.) 

Page  'i,  lino  (i  from  toj),  for  CuliociJcs  read  Citlicoidns. 
"   12,    "     9  from  bottom,  strike  out  the  first  aiul. 
"  IG,    "     4  from  top,  for  Tlnreviihe  read  Thereuidue, 
"   16,    "  15  "         for  fiidinrj  read  <  nd. 

"  18,    "  18  from  bottom,  Piiclii/yaslriiia  should  be  in  small  capitals. 
"  21,    "  15  from  top,  for  Exehisis  read  Exetasis. 

"  21,  "  9  from  bottom,  the  word  vari/iny  does  not  express  exactly  the 
intended  meaning,  which  was  that  of  the  German  words  (jericIiHui/., 
geschwunden,  (Loew.)  I  find,  in  Say's  Terminology,  this  structure  ex- 
pressed by  the  words  repand,  wavy,  which  means  ivith  alternate  segments 
of  clrchs  and  intcrvcnhuj  angles. — 0.  S. 

Page  22,  line  11  from  top  ;  same  remark. 
"     24,    "       5  "  for  Philudicus  read  Philonicus. 

11  from  bottom,  for  Usio  read  Usiu. 

10  "  for  Pleas  read  Pious. 
5          "               for  Aidoiiia  read  Antnnia. 

23  from  top,  for  Prachi/ialjius  read  Brach mxd pus. 
9  from  bottom,  for  Siratiunigdic  read  Stratiomyidn'. 

8  "  for  Dotichojiid;c  read  Dolicliojiodidie, 

17  "  for  Stachiiiia  read  Stachgnia, 

11  from  top,  for  Neitrophocerus  read  Nijihroc(rHS. 

9  from  bottom,  for  less  read  wore.  (Loew.) 

18  from  top,  for  Schoenomgza  read  lihphuroptera.   (Loew.) 
50,  lines  IG  and  17  from  top,  for  the  words  and  for  croicding  ihtni  read 

irhile  the  r<st  remain  crowded,  etc.   (Loew.) 
Page  G4,  lines  3  and  5  from  top,  for  curralure  read  concarllg. 
"     70,  Trgp.  itnicolor ;  add  t'(//y(i  to  its  habitat.  (Loicw.) 
*'     74,  line  7  from  top,  for  Ccdirli  road  L'<dirh. 
"     78,    "     1  "        ioY  (xcr(ds  \tia.CL  r< aches  into.  (Loew.) 


25, 

25, 

25, 

2G, 

27, 

27, 

27, 

28, 

3G, 

37, 

<\C\ 

iiii 

'  Many  of  the  corrections  have  been  communicated  by  Mr.  Loew,  to 
whona  the  signatures  were  sent ;  his  name,  however,  has  been  mentioned 
after  those  only  which  are  not  readily  understood,  but  require  an  especial 
authority. — 0.  S. 


ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS. 


3iliio- 


epie- 


i. 
y  the 

■e  ex- 

iiie/its 


Tage  84,  Tr;/p.  Kolaris :  Wiedemann's  cand  Wintliem's  collections  possess  this 
si)ecies  from  Brazil.   (Loew.) 

Page  1)4.  Note  to  Tryp.  comma.— One  of  my  specimens  from  Maryland  was 
compared  by  Mr.  Loew  with  Wiedemann's  original  and  found  identical. 
The  latter  is  a  very  pa'e  specimen.  It  seems,  therefore,  that  the  elon- 
gated hyaline  spot  at  the  tip  of  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  is  of  normal 
occurrence  in  this  species. — 0.  S. 

Page  11,'),  line  8  from  top,  for  fcmoriv  rend  femora. 

135,    "     0  from  bottom,  for  the  words  in  brackets  put  nfthe  cinereous 
thorax.  (Loew.) 

Page  140,  line  5  from  top,  for  terminal  read  antennal.  (Lokw.) 
"     142,    "11  "        ioY  sted-colorid  Y^iViA  steel-blue.  {hüE.\y.) 

"     144,    "  15  "        for  knob  read  knobs. 

•'     ms,    "  12  "        for  Philhj/fjria  read  P/i!hjr/ria. 

Pages  174,  175.  In  figures  1-7,  the  third  longitudinal  vein  is  made  too 
strong.  Its  fork  especially  is  very  delicate,  sometimes  hardly  visible  in 
nature,  so  that  the  difference  between  the  wings  represented  on  figures 
3  and  4  {Colpodin  and  Epklosix),  the  one  with,  the  other  without,  fork, 
is  not  at  all  so  strikin«:  -"i  appears  in  the  wood-cuts.— 0.  S. 

In  the  Index,  Autonia  should  be  read  Antonia,  and  removed  to  its  proper 
place  accordingly,  and  Blepharopt.ra  and  Philonicus  are  to  be  added; 
and,  on  page  208,  the  word  dfstructor  (Cecidomyia)  should  be  removed 
to  the  h'ft,  so  as  to  be  in  the  same  line  with  the  other  specific  names. 


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